Hexylamine

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.4% (11 of 251) of reports.

H226 (95.2%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301+H311 (16.3%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (61.8%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (33.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (63.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (31.9%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (95.6%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (45.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H411 (15.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H412 (44.2%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 251 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 11 of 251 reports by companies.

There are 14 notifications provided by 240 of 251 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product

It material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-Hexylamine (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Air sensitive.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 29 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Hexylamine appears as a water-white liquid with an amine-like odor. Less dense than water and poorly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. May be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption.

Colorless liquid; [ICSC] Odor like amines; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colourless to yellow liquid; Fishy aroma

Water-white liquid

Colorless liquid

Fishy aroma

131-132 °C

-22.9 °C

85 °F (NFPA, 2010)

85 °F (29 °C) (Open cup)

27 °C (81 °F) (Closed cup)

29 °C o.c.

In water, 12,000 mg/L at 20-25 °C

Miscibile in ethanol, ether; soluble in chloroform

12 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 1.2

Soluble in water

Soluble (in ethanol)

0.7660 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.77

0.761-0.767

3.49 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

8.99 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 6.53 mm Hg at 20 °C

7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.87

log Kow = 2.06

1.52/2.34

Henry's Law constant = 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Upon decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

10.06 mPa.s at 20 °C

-3.998X10+9 J/kmol

36.54 kJ/mol (at boiling pt); 45.10 kJ/mol at 25 °C

pH of 1% w/v aqueous solution was 12.9 at 30 °C

Positive

Agilent XCT

Electrospray ionization

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Highly Flammable

HEXYLAMINE neutralize acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air.

Incompatible materials: Acids, Acid chlorides, Acid anhydrides, Strong oxidizing agents, Carbon dioxide (CO2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hexylamine is used in organic syntheses. HUMAN STUDIES: Hexylamine is a moderate to severe irritant for the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Hexylamine was a severe skin irritant when tested in rabbits for 24 hr. Hexylamine in the concentration of 144.9 ug/mL without metabolic activation and 640.9 ug/mL with metabolic activation does not cause genetic chromosome aberrations when Chinese hamster lung cells are exposed for 6 and 24 hr.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LCLo (rat) = 500 ppm/4hr

LD50 Rabbit dermal 318.48 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat (male) oral 670 mg/kg

The effect of mersalyl on the relaxation of catch by various monoamines was studied in the anterior byssal retractor muscle of Mytilus. As has already been reported, mersalyl blocked the relaxing response to indoleamines but not block that to catecholamines. The relaxations in response to catecholamine-related compounds (dopa, octopamine, tyramine, phenylephrine, beta-phenylethylamine and phenylethanolamine) and hexylamine were, however, antagonized more or less effectively with mersalyl. It was suggested that the catecholamine-related compounds and hexylamine can act on relaxing nerve endings to increase neurotransmitter serotonin in the junctional clefts, and mersalyl antagonizes the relaxation in response to these compounds by blocking the serotonin.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valuim) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Hexylamine is a moderate to severe irritant for the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Exposure to organic solvents may cause narcotic effects. At the cellular level, these narcotic effects have been associated with a reduction in neuronal excitability caused by changes in membrane structure and function. In order to critically test whether changes in membrane geometry contribute to these narcotic effects, cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells have been exposed to selected organic solvents. The solvent-induced changes in cell membrane capacitance were investigated using the whole-cell patch clamp technique for real-time capacitance measurements. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to the cyclic hydrocarbons m-xylene, toluene, and cyclohexane caused a rapid and reversible increase of membrane capacitance. The aliphatic, nonpolar n-hexane did not cause a detectable change of whole-cell membrane capacitance, whereas the amphiphiles n-hexanol and n-hexylamine caused an increase of membrane capacitance and a concomitant reduction in membrane resistance. Despite a large difference in dielectric properties, the chlorinated hydrocarbons 1,1,2,2-tetrachoroethane and tetrachloroethylene caused a similar magnitude increase in membrane capacitance. The theory on membrane capacitance has been applied to deduce changes in membrane geometry caused by solvent partitioning. Although classical observations have shown that solvents increase the membrane capacitance per unit area of membrane, i.e., increase membrane thickness, the present results demonstrate that solvent partitioning predominantly leads to an increase in membrane surface area and to a lesser degree to an increase in membrane thickness. Moreover, the present results indicate that the physicochemical properties of each solvent are important determinants for its specific effects on membrane geometry. This implies that the hypothesis that solvent partitioning is associated with a common perturbation of membrane structure needs to be revisited and cannot account for the commonly observed /CNS depressant/ effects of different organic solvents.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sensory irritation due to inhalation of a series of alkylamines was estimated from the decrease in respiratory rate in normal (non-cannulated) mice (American standard method E 981-84, 1984). The irritation effects rapidly reached stable levels. The concentration-response relationships followed Michaelis-Menten equations. The maximum response decreased with increasing chain length. The concentrations depressing the respiratory rate by 50% (RD-50) were 184, 121, 97, 51, and 27 p.p.m. for n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, and n-heptylamine, respectively. It is suggested that the receptor is activated partly by the amines and partly by hydroxide ions. The nose has a scrubbing effect, which partly protects the lungs against water soluble irritants. Pulmonary irritation was estimated from the decrease in respiratory rate in tracheally cannulated mice. The plateau-level of the response was reached slowly. The respective concentrations depressing the respiratory rate by 50% (tRD-50) were 416, 300, 128, 66, and 36 p.p.m. for the C3-C7 n-amines. It is suggested that the pulmonary receptor environment is lipophilic and the receptor, probably the J-receptor, is activated chemically by the amines. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Skin Irritation test was conducted to estimate the irritation parameter for n-hexylamine. A standard open irritation test was carried out on rabbits for 24 hours. The dose applied was 10 mg/kg. Signs of severe irritation were observed in rabbits after 24 hours. Hence hexylamine was considered to be a severe skin irritant.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ The effect of mersalyl on the relaxation of catch by various monoamines was studied in the anterior byssal retractor muscle of Mytilus. As has already been reported, mersalyl blocked the relaxing response to indoleamines but not block that to catecholamines. The relaxations in response to catecholamine-related compounds (dopa, octopamine, tyramine, phenylephrine, beta-phenylethylamine and phenylethanolamine) and hexylamine were, however, antagonized more or less effectively with mersalyl. It was suggested that the catecholamine-related compounds and hexylamine can act on relaxing nerve endings to increase neurotransmitter serotonin in the junctional clefts, and mersalyl antagonizes the relaxation in response to these compounds by blocking the serotonin.

/GENOTOXICITY/ In a gene toxicity test, Chinese Hamster Lung Cells (CHL) cells were exposed to n-Hexylamine at a concentration of 36.3, 72.5, 144.9, 160.3, 320.5 and 640.9 ug/mL with and without metabolic activation for 6 and 24 hours. The results showed that there was no significant evidence of chromosome aberrations after treatment. Independently of tested n-Hexylamine concentration, the results showed no evidence of gene toxicity. Therefore, it is considered that n-Hexylamine in the concentration of 144.9 ug/mL without S9 and 640.9 ug/mL with S9 does not cause genetic chromosome aberrations when CHL cells are exposed to the test chemical in the absence and in presence of S9 activation system of S9 system for 6 and 24 hr. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Monoamines with from 1 to 18 straight chain carbon atoms have been analyzed as rat liver monoamine oxidase substrates. Methylamine and ethylamine are clearly not substrates of monoamine oxidase (MAO). n-Propylamine, n-butylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine are relatively poor substrates, i.e. with high Km and low Vmax values for the enzyme. n-Pentylamine, n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine and n-decylamine are all very good MAO substrates. All these aliphatic amines are found to be typical type B substrates according to the sensitivities of the enzyme towards the selective MAO-B inhibitor selegiline and the MAO-A inhibitor, clorgyline. The sensitivity towards selegiline with respect to these amines is even higher, i.e. Ki = 1 x 10(-9) M for butylamine, than that of the typical type B substrate beta-phenylethylamine (Ki = 1 x 10(-8) M). The sensitivity towards selegiline decreases slightly with increasing chain length of these aliphatic amines.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of August 9, 2018: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for hexylamine is available.[Available from, as of August 9, 2018: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr, Lake Langedam strain; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.0, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 93-99%; Concentration: 20000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 11000-42000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />98% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr, Lake Langedam strain; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.0, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 93-99%; Concentration: 8600 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 7000-11000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />98% purity/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) age 26-34 day juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.8, hardness 45 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 56600 ug/L for 96 hr /> or =95% purity/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) age 30 day, length 16.5 mm, weight 0.074 g; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 24.8 °C, pH 8.0, hardness 45.6 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 43.6 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/L; Concentration: 56600 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 53800-59600 ug/L) /99% purity/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Hexylamine's production and use in organic syntheses and as a flavor/odor additive in foods may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Hexylamine has been identified in Latakia tobacco leaf volitiles and in obnoxious plant smells created by volatile amines from hogweed, cow parsnip, bear's-foot, cuckoopint and hawthorn. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates hexylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Gas-phase hexylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.3 hours. Hexylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, hexylamine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 147. The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment at pH 4-8 and mostly to partially in cation form at pH 8-10 and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilze. Volatilization of neutral hexylamine from moist soil surfaces may occur given a measured Henry's Law constant of 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Hexylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable. If released into water, hexylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable. Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. However, estimated volatilization half-lives of neutral hexylamine for a model river and model lake are 1.5 and 14 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to hexylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexylamine is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to hexylamine via inhalation of ambient air near various plants that emit volatile hexylamine, inhalation of tobacco smoke, and ingestion of food. (SRC)

Hexylamine has been identified in Latakia tobacco leaf voltiiles(1) and in obnoxious plant smells created by volatile amines from hogweed, cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium), bear's-foot (Helleborus foetidus), cuckoopint (Arum Maculatum) and hawhorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)(2).

Hexylamine's production and use in organic syntheses(1) and as a flavor/odor additive in foods(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 147(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment at pH 4-8 and mostly to partially in cation form at pH 8-10 and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization of neutral hexylamine from moist soil surfaces may occur given a measured Henry's Law constant of 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5). Hexylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C(6). Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable(7). The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 147(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment at pH 4-8 and mostly to partially in cation form at pH 8-10. Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization of neutral hexylamine from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a measured Henry's Law constant of 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 and 14 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.06(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable(8). The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable(9). Aliphatic amines are considered stable to hydrolysis, as the molecules do not contain any functional group sensitive to hydrolysis(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase hexylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Hexylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable(1). An electrolytic respirometer test using hexylamine (100 ppm) and an activated sludge inoculum measured a theoretical BOD achievement of 51-62% after 70-110 hours of incubation(2). A manometric respirometry test (OECD Guideline 301F) found a 50.84% ThOD after 28 days indicating inherent biodegradability(3). The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable(4).

ANAEROBIC: Using a batch vial method with a seed from a continuous anaerobic bioreactor, hexylamine at a concentration of 3 mg carbon/L had a 100% biodegradation after about 21 days(1). A 30 mg carbon/L concentration demonstrated a toxic effect of the hexylamine(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hexylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10.3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aliphatic amines are considered stable to hydrolysis, as the molecules do not contain any functional group sensitive to hydrolysis(2). The rate constant for the estimated OH radical reaction of hexylamine with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solutions at pH 1 is 1.3X10+10 L/mol-sec(3); this corresponds to an aquatic half-life of 62 days at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 hydroxyl radicals per liter(4). Hexylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated in fish for hexylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of hexylamine can be estimated to be 147(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that hexylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of hexylamine is 10.64(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely to partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr, Lake Langedam strain; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.0, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 93-99%; Concentration: 20000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 11000-42000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />98% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr, Lake Langedam strain; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.0, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 93-99%; Concentration: 8600 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 7000-11000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />98% purity/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) age 26-34 day juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.8, hardness 45 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 56600 ug/L for 96 hr /> or =95% purity/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) age 30 day, length 16.5 mm, weight 0.074 g; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 24.8 °C, pH 8.0, hardness 45.6 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 43.6 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/L; Concentration: 56600 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 53800-59600 ug/L) /99% purity/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Hexylamine's production and use in organic syntheses and as a flavor/odor additive in foods may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Hexylamine has been identified in Latakia tobacco leaf volitiles and in obnoxious plant smells created by volatile amines from hogweed, cow parsnip, bear's-foot, cuckoopint and hawthorn. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates hexylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Gas-phase hexylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.3 hours. Hexylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, hexylamine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 147. The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment at pH 4-8 and mostly to partially in cation form at pH 8-10 and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilze. Volatilization of neutral hexylamine from moist soil surfaces may occur given a measured Henry's Law constant of 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Hexylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable. If released into water, hexylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable. Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. However, estimated volatilization half-lives of neutral hexylamine for a model river and model lake are 1.5 and 14 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to hexylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexylamine is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to hexylamine via inhalation of ambient air near various plants that emit volatile hexylamine, inhalation of tobacco smoke, and ingestion of food. (SRC)

Hexylamine has been identified in Latakia tobacco leaf voltiiles(1) and in obnoxious plant smells created by volatile amines from hogweed, cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium), bear's-foot (Helleborus foetidus), cuckoopint (Arum Maculatum) and hawhorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)(2).

Hexylamine's production and use in organic syntheses(1) and as a flavor/odor additive in foods(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 147(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment at pH 4-8 and mostly to partially in cation form at pH 8-10 and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization of neutral hexylamine from moist soil surfaces may occur given a measured Henry's Law constant of 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5). Hexylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C(6). Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable(7). The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 147(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment at pH 4-8 and mostly to partially in cation form at pH 8-10. Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization of neutral hexylamine from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a measured Henry's Law constant of 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 and 14 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.06(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable(8). The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable(9). Aliphatic amines are considered stable to hydrolysis, as the molecules do not contain any functional group sensitive to hydrolysis(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase hexylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Hexylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Most primary amines, including hexylamine, are considered to be readily biodegradable(1). An electrolytic respirometer test using hexylamine (100 ppm) and an activated sludge inoculum measured a theoretical BOD achievement of 51-62% after 70-110 hours of incubation(2). A manometric respirometry test (OECD Guideline 301F) found a 50.84% ThOD after 28 days indicating inherent biodegradability(3). The analogous compounds pentylamine and hexanediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 75 and 55% of their theoretical BOD in 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified both as readily biodegradable(4).

ANAEROBIC: Using a batch vial method with a seed from a continuous anaerobic bioreactor, hexylamine at a concentration of 3 mg carbon/L had a 100% biodegradation after about 21 days(1). A 30 mg carbon/L concentration demonstrated a toxic effect of the hexylamine(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hexylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10.3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Aliphatic amines are considered stable to hydrolysis, as the molecules do not contain any functional group sensitive to hydrolysis(2). The rate constant for the estimated OH radical reaction of hexylamine with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solutions at pH 1 is 1.3X10+10 L/mol-sec(3); this corresponds to an aquatic half-life of 62 days at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 hydroxyl radicals per liter(4). Hexylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated in fish for hexylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of hexylamine can be estimated to be 147(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that hexylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of hexylamine is 10.64(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely to partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The pKa of hexylamine (conjugate acid) is 10.64 at 25 °C(1). The dissociation curve of hexylamine in water indicates the compound will exist almost entirely in cation form at pH values of 1 to 8, but partially in the neutral form at pH 8 to 10(2). Volatilization of cationic hexylamine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for neutral hexylamine has been measured as 2.68X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C in dilute aqueous solution(3); cationic hexylamine increases the pH of the water solution (1% hexylamine solution increases the pH to 12.9)(4). This Henry's Law constant indicates that neutral hexylamine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(5) is estimated as 1.5 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(5) is estimated as 14 days(SRC). Hexylamine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization of the neutral form from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Hexylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.95 mm Hg at 20 °C(4).

Gasoline and diesel fueled engine exhaust from automobiles was analyzed for aliphatic amines (including hexylamine) and total amine emission was less than 1 ug/km(1).

SOIL: Hexylamine was qualitatively detected in volatile distillates (100 °C) collected from a loam soil collected from the Moscow region of Russia that was not under cultivation(1).

Hexylamine was detected in beer distillates(1) and 24 Italian cheeses(2). Hexylamine has use as odor and/or flavor additive in cereal, cheese, dairy, fish, fruit and meat(3). Food categories include baked goods, breakfast cereals, cheese, condiments, relishes, confection, frosting, fats, oils, fish products, frozen dairy, fruit ices, gravies, meat products, milk products, grains, poultry, processed fruits, seasonings, flavors snack foods and soups; maximum reported food use concentration is 10 ppm(3).

Hexylamine was identified in steam volatiles from steam distilled Latakia tobacco leaf(1). Among the plants with an obnoxious smell created by volatile amines (including hexylamine) are hogweed cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium), bear's-foot (Helleborus foetidus), cuckoopint (Arum Maculatum) and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha)(2). Hexylamine was detected, not quantified in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; Solanaceae)(3).

Hexylamine has reportedly been identified in tobacco(1) and tobacco smoke(1-3).

Occupational exposure to hexylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexylamine is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to hexylamine via inhalation of ambient air near various plants that emit volatile hexylamine, inhalation of tobacco smoke, and ingestion of food. (SRC)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product

Corrosive Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II