Butyl isocyanate

H224 (13.6%): Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H225 (83.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (37.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (97.5%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (39%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (52.5%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (97.5%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334 (61%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H335 (45.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 118 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive); polymerization hazard]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive); polymerization hazard]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Persons involved in fighting fires should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. ... /Methyl isocyanate/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive); polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2485 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 300 m (1000 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.6 km (0.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.2 km (0.8 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 2.9 km (1.8 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 4.2 km (2.6 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive); polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. See Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.05 [ppm]

0.083 [ppm]

0.25 [ppm]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 0.01 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 0.05 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 1 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 0.01 ppm (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(2) 0.05 ppm (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 1 ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive); polymerization hazard]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

Vapor Concentration: 0.2 ppm or less: Any supplied-air respirator or any self-contained breathing apparatus. 1 ppm or less: Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. A type C supplied air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode. 20 ppm or less: A type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood operated in continuous-flow mode. Greater than 20 ppm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or a combination respirator which includes a type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus. /Methyl isocyanate/

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

N-butyl isocyanate appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Very toxic by ingestion, and may also be toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. Vapors heavier than air. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Colorless liquid;

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colorless liquid

115 °C @760 [mm Hg]

66 °F (NFPA, 2010)

66 °F (19 °C) (Closed cup)

11 °C c.c.

SLIGHTLY SOL IN WATER

Solubility in water: reaction

0.880 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Isocyanates...are highly reactive and undergo addition reactions across the carbon-nitrogen double bond of the NCO group. Reactions with alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines have been widely exploited...The basis for the high reactivity of the isocyanates is the low electron density of the central carbon...Electron withdrawing or donating substituents alter the electrophilic nature of the isocyanate...The reactivity of the isocyanates is also manifested in their tendency to react with themselves to form dimers, trimers, or higher oligomers and polymers. /Isocyanates/

0.9 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.05

0.88 @ 20°C

3.00 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.4

17.6 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.1

Energy of decomposition (in range 160 to 450 °C) measured as 0.55 kJ/g.

4.9729X10-2 N/m at 193 K

Index of refraction at 20 °C/D = 1.4060

Flammable liquid

Liquid molar volume = 0.112992 cu m/kmol

15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Boiling point

Chemical shift

Dielectric constant

Heat of sublimation

Lineshape

Optical coefficient

Phase diagram

Phase equilibrium

Refractive index

Spin-spin coupling constant

Vapor pressure

Vapor-liquid equilibrium

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Monoisocyanates

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Highly flammable. Extremely slow decomposition by water. Less dense than water and insoluble in water.

Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

Isocyanates and thioisocyanates are incompatible with many classes of compounds, reacting exothermically to release toxic gases. Reactions with amines, aldehydes, alcohols, alkali metals, ketones, mercaptans, strong oxidizers, hydrides, phenols, and peroxides can cause vigorous releases of heat. Acids and bases initiate polymerization reactions in these materials. Some isocyanates react with water to form amines and liberate carbon dioxide. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-Butyl isocyanate is a colorless flammable liquid, and It is soluble in water. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis; used as intermediates in production of carbamate, and urea insecticides, and fungicides. It is also used in the production of sulfonyl urea antidiabetic drugs. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In female subjects exposed to N-butyl isocyanate there was an irritating effect to the mucous membranes and temporary lesions to the cardiac conduction system. Occupational exposure to N-butyl isocyanate may occur through inhalation, and dermal contact in the workplace where this chemical is used or manufactured. Butyl isocyanate is an irritant to the eyes of workers in an occupational setting. It is a strong irritant to to the skin. Individuals with a history of asthma, allergies or impaired lung function are at increased risk to the adverse effects of N-butyl isocyanate exposure. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a repeated exposure study, male rats were exposed by inhalation to N-Butyl isocyanate. No treatment related clinical signs were observed in the low dose groups. At the higher dose groups animals appeared unkempt, and exhibited labored breathing, reduced motility and an increased serous discharge from the nose. Substantial decrease in pulmonary function was noted in high dose treated animals. High dose animals exhibited widespread septal destruction, indicative of emphysema. In male rats, exposed to N-butyl isocyanate, neutrophils, LDH, and protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were elevated. Lung function parameters were decreased. This chemical was a sensitizer in guinea pigs exposed by inhalation. No irritation was observed in a rabbit ear exposed to a solution of N-butyl isocyanate. Butyl isocyanate was highly corrosive to rabbit eyes when instillation of test material to the conjunctival sac. Cats exposed to this chemical orally, had no related clinical effects in hematology or methemoglobin formation. Butyl isocyanate was negative in an Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with and without metabolic activation.

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Burning sensation.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 3,000 mg/m3

LD50: 360 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T83)

LD50: 1 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (T14)

LC50: 0.5 mg/L over 1 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T83)

LD50 Guinea pig oral 250 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 1 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 150 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 600 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ISOCYANATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

Decreased mutation frequency of Escherichia coli H/r30R cells at 800 erg/sq mm UV dose after pretreatment of the cells with n-isobutyl isocyanate /was observed/. /n-Isobutyl isocyanate/

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and bronchospasm are the most immediate serious clinical consequences of isocyanate exposure. Markedly symptomatic patients should receive oxygen, ventilatory support, and an intervenors line. Treatment for asthma includes inhaled sympathomimetics (salbutamol, metaproterenol), intravenous theophylline, parenteral sympathomimetics (epinephrine, terbutaline), and steroids. /Isocyanates/

Most treatment is symptomatic. Mydriatics, systemic analgesics, and topical antibiotics (Sulamyd) may be used for corneal abrasions. There is no effective therapy for sensitized workers, and these people should be moved to a work site devoid of exposure to isocyanates. /Isocyanates/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Treat exposure to Lethane 60 Lethane 384, Thanite, methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl thiocyanates with the cyanide antidote kit. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... The skin conditions ranging from localized itching to more or less widespread eczema; conjunctivitis is rare. The commonest and most serious troubles, however, are those affecting the respiratory systems. /Isocyanates/[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 1161]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Isocyanates ... produce lung disease /in/ manufacture of plastics and chemical industry. Acute effects /include/ airway irritation, cough, /and/ dyspnea; chronic effects /include/ asthma, /and/ reduced pulmonary function. /From table, isocyanates/[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 527]

/CASE REPORTS/ The collective poisoning of 16 female subjects was described. No information about the exposure concn. Exposure duration /was/ a few minutes. In addition to the irritating effect on mucous membranes temporary lesions of the cardiac conduction system was interpreted as the result of the action of butyl isocyanate.[European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl isocyanate (CAS No. 111-36-4) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of October 19. 2006: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ /During/ 0.5 to 4 yr of follow-up after leaving work, /among total of 104/ subjects with occupational asthma /from isocyanate exposure/, 50 to 82% /had/ persistence of symptoms and 58 to 77% of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. /From table, isocyanates/[Zenz, C., O.B. Dickerson, E.P. Horvath. Occupational Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO., 1994, p. 223]

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ An industrial hygiene survey in a manufacturing area using butyl isocyanate as an intermediate concluded that noticeable eye irritation, but no odor or respiratory irritation, was associated with exposures of from 0.005 to 0.010 ppm.[European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl isocyanate (CAS No. 111-36-4) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of October 19. 2006: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The causes of delayed mortalities from exposure to aliphatic monoisocyanates were investigated. In a repeated exposure study, 20 male Wistar-rats were exposed by inhalation to target concentrations of 1, 5, 15, and 25 mg/cu m n-butyl-isocyanate (BIC) for 5 consecutive days followed by a 5 week recovery period. Pulmonary function, blood gas, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) measurements were taken. No treatment related clinical signs were observed in rats of the 1 and 5 mg/cu m group. Rats exposed to 15 mg/cu m appeared unkempt and exhibited labored breathing, reduced motility, and increased serous discharge from the nose. Substantial decrement in pulmonary function was noted in animals exposed to 25 mg/cu m; decreases in pulmonary function were related to a stiffening of the distal airway parenchyma. Alterations suggested that the independent regions of the deep lung, including small airways, were sufficiently injured to impalr their ventilation. Histopathologic evaluation of the lavaged lungs in the 25 mg/cu m group revealed widespread septal destruction indicative of emphysema. The authors attributed delayed mortality to respiratory acidosis as a result of venous admixture and obstructive lung disease; BALF parameters were considered sensitive indicators of the condition of the lung.[Pauluhn J and Eben A; Archives of Toxicol 66 (2): 118-25 (1992)]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Pulmonary function, arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) composition were assessed in male Wistar rats after a single 4-hr exposure to 0, 7.6, 23.5 or 55.2 mg n-butyl isocyanate (n-BIC)/cu m air. No significant changes other than transient clinical signs were observed in the rats exposed to 7.6 mg/cu m air. Four weeks after exposure the animals of the 55.2 mg/cu m group showed significant effects: those were pronounced histopathological changes of airways and parenchyma, and elevated relative lung weight. The neutrophils, LDH, and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were elevated. Quasi-static lung compliance, peak expiratory flow rate, mean mid expiratory flow rate were decreased whereas lung resistance, residual volume, and single breath CO-diffusing capacity were increased. Blood gas measurements revealed an elevation in hemoglobin, pH, arterio-alveolar oxygen difference, and venous admixture. Arterial pO2 and pC02 were decreased. In animals exposed to 23.5 mg/cu m only marginal effects were detectable.[Pauluhn J et al; Exp Pathol 40 (4): 197-202 (1990)]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats /were/ admin butyl isocyanate orally at 5, 10 and 20% of the LD50 until a total dose corresponding to 4.5 times the LD50 (600 mg/kg). No death occurred, but functional accumulation described as an increase in neuromuscular excitation threshold was reported.[European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl isocyanate (CAS No. 111-36-4) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of October 19. 2006: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Butyl isocyanate /was a sensitizer in a/ guinea pig maximization test..[European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl isocyanate (CAS No. 111-36-4) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of October 19. 2006: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ISOCYANATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2% of some worker populations /with the genetic factor of/ immunologic hypersensitivity /have increased risk when exposed to/ isocyanates. /From table, Isocyanates/

Persons with a history of asthma, allergies ... or impaired lung or pulmonary function may be at an increased risk. /Methyl isocyanate/

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate); Conditions: NR; static; Concentration: 10960 ug/L for 12 hr; Effect: growth, growth, general /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate); Conditions: NR; static; Concentration: 10960 ug/L for 12 hr; Effect: growth, growth, general /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate); Conditions: NR; static; Concentration: 12050 ug/L for 36 hr; Effect: growth, growth, general /formulated product/

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.

n-Butyl isocyanate's production and use as an intermediate in the production of carbamate and urea insecticides and fungicides and in the manufacture of sulfonyl urea antidiabetic drugs may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 17.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-butyl isocyanate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl isocyanate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days. n-Butyl isocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes. Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in moist soil and water. If released to soil, adsorption, biodegradation, and volatilization from moist soil surfaces are not expected to compete with hydrolysis as important fate and transport processes; however, n-butyl isocyanate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released to water, adsorption to sediments, bioconcentration, biodegradation, and volatilization from water surfaces are not expected to compete with hydrolysis as important fate processes. Occupational exposure to n-butyl isocyanate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-butyl isocyanate is produced or used. (SRC)

n-Butyl isocyanate's production and use as an intermediate in the production of carbamate and urea insecticides and fungicides and in the manufacture of sulfonyl urea antidiabetic drugs(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in moist soil(SRC). Soil adsorption, biodegradation, and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to compete with hydrolysis as important fate and transport processes(SRC). n-Butyl isocyanate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.6 mm Hg(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in water(SRC). Sorption to sediments, volatilization, bioconcentration, and biodegradation are not expected to compete with hydrolysis as important fate and transport processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-butyl isocyanate, which has a vapor pressure of 17.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl isocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). n-Butyl isocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in moist soil and water(SRC). Biodegradation is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important fate process(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-butyl isocyanate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Butyl isocyanate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2). The rate of hydrolysis for n-butyl isocyanate was not available; however, the measured rate constants for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl isocyanate in aqueous solution at 15 and 25 °C are 5.9X10-4 sec-1 and 1.34X10-3 sec-1, respectively(3). These correspond to half-lives of 20 and 9 min, respectively(SRC). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in moist soil and water(SRC). During a spill, the reaction of isocyanates with water would yield an unstable carbamate which undergoes decarboxylation to form carbon dioxide plus the corresponding amine(4). The amine would then react with isocyanate to form a symmetrically disubstituted urea(4).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in water(SRC). Bioconcentration is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important environmental process(SRC).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in moist soil and water(SRC). Adsorption to soil and sediment is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important environmental process(SRC).

Isocyanates undergo rapid hydrolysis under environmental conditions with half-lives of less than 10 minutes(1). Therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the dominant fate process for n-butyl isocyanate in moist soil and water(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil and water surfaces is not expected to compete with hydrolysis as an important removal process(SRC). n-Butyl isocyanate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2).

n-Butyl isocyanate was detected in the volatile flavor compounds from Oscar Mayer fried bacon at unknown concentrations using gas chromatography and detection by mass spectroscopy or IR spectroscopy(1).

Occupational exposure to n-butyl isocyanate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-butyl isocyanate is produced or used(SRC). The concentration of butyl isocyanate measured in a single air sample during a welding operation in a car repair shop was 9 ug/m(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for n-Butyl isocyanate [Table#5428]

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ISOCYANATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2485 155P

UN 2485; n-Butyl isocyanate

IMO 6.1; n-Butyl isocycante

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I