diethanolamine

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.5% (17 of 3242) of reports.

H302 (98.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (99.5%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (99.5%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H373 (89.4%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3242 reports by companies from 85 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 17 of 3242 reports by companies.

There are 84 notifications provided by 3225 of 3242 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention . Rest.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

CAUTION: Fire involving Safety devices (UN3268) and Fire suppressant dispersing devices (UN3559) may have a delayed activation and a risk of hazardous projectiles. Extinguish the fire at a safe distance.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray, dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool, to disperse the vapors, to flush spills away from exposure, to dillute spills to nonflammable mixtures and to prevent the spread of fires.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for DIETHANOLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIETHANOLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIETHANOLAMINE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and acids. Dry.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Air sensitive.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

3.0 [mg/m3]

22 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

3 ppm (15 mg/m³)

TWA 3 ppm (15 mg/m3)

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

1.0 [mg/m3] (inhalable fraction and vapor)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m, inhalable fraction and vapor, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2008]

(inhalable fraction): 1 mg/m

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the liver and kidneys.

Residues of diethanolamine are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: Stabilizer, inhibitor for formulations used before crop emerges from soil.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diethanolamine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear butyl rubber gloves, general cartridge respirators and overalls.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possbility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DIETHANOLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Important additional information about respirator selection

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Diethanolamine appears as oily colorless liquid or solid white crystals. Slight rotten fish or ammonia odor. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999)

Large Crystals; CBI; Liquid

Colorless crystals or a syrupy, white liquid (above 82 degrees F) with a mild, ammonia-like odor; [NIOSH] Deliquescent; [CHEMINFO]

WHITE CRYSTALS OR COLOURLESS VISCOUS HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless crystals or a syrupy, white liquid (above 82 °F) with a mild, ammonia-like odor.

A faintly colored, viscous liquid or deliquescent prisms

Deliquescent prisms. Usually offered as a viscous liquid

Colorless crystals or a syrupy, white liquid (above 82 °F)

Mild, ammonia-like odor

516.4 °F at 760 mmHg (Decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

268.8 °C

BP: 217 °C at 150 mm Hg; 20 °C at 0.01 mm Hg

268.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

516 °F (decomposes)

268.8 °C @760 [mm Hg]

516 °F (Decomposes)

82 °F (NTP, 1992)

279 °F (NTP, 1992)

134 °C (Open cup)

342 °F (172 °C) (open cup)

134 °C o.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 57 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible (1X10+6 mg/L) with water at 20 °C

Very soluble in water, ethanol; slightly soluble in ethyl ether, benzene

Miscible with methanol. acetone, alcohol, chloroform, glycerin. Solubility at 25 °C in benzene: 4.2%; in ether: 0.8%; in carbon tetrachloride: <0.1%; in heptane: <0.1%. Slightly soluble to insoluble in petroleum ether.

1000 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: very good

1.095 at 82.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0966 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.09 (liquid)

1.0966 @ 20°C

3.65 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.65 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.65

5 mmHg at 280 °F ; <0.01 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00028 [mmHg]

2.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C:

<0.01 mmHg

log Kow= - 1.43

Water soluble.

Alcohols and Polyols

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

DIETHANOLAMINE is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. This compound is hygroscopic. It may be sensitive to exposure to air and light. This compound can react with oxidizing materials, acids, CO2, copper alloys, aluminum, zinc, galvanized iron and copper. (NTP, 1992)

DEA (Diethanolamine) degrades in the presense of carbon dioxide to yield HEOD [3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)oxazolidone], THEED [N,N,N,'-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethyleen-diamine] and BHEP [N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine.

/Diethanolamine/ can react with nitrite or oxides of nitrogen to form N-nitrosodiethanolamine.

Oxidizers, strong acids, acid anhydrides, halides [Note: Reacts with carbon dioxide in the air. Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air). Corrosive to copper, zinc, & galvanized iron].

Oxidizers, strong acids, acid anhydrides, halides [Note: Reacts with CO2 in the air. Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air). Corrosive to copper, zinc & galvanized iron.]

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that diethanolamine and the 16 related salts listed below are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-irritating. The Expert Panel cautions that ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds can be formed.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Evaluation: Cancer in humans: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of diethanolamine. Cancer in experimental animals: There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of diethanolamine. Overall evaluation: Diethanolamine is possibly carcinogen to humans (Group 2B).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Diethanolamine

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 77: (2000) Some Industrial Chemicals

Volume 101: (2012) Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-water

TR-478: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Diethanolamine (CASRN 120-40-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Dermal Studies) (1999 )

12/10/97

No Evidence

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year dermal studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of diethanolamine in male F344/N rats administered 16, 32, or 64 mg/kg diethanolamine or in female F344/N rats administered 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of diethanolamine in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver neoplasms in males and females and increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms in males.

Dermal administration of diethanolamine to rats was associated with increased incidences of acanthosis (males only), hyperkeratosis, and exudate of the skin and increased incidences and severities of nephropathy in females. Dermal administration of diethanolamine to mice was associated with increased incidences of cytoplasmic alteration (males only) and syncytial alteration of the liver, renal tubule hyperplasia (males only), thyroid gland follicular cell hyperplasia, and hyperkeratosis of the skin.

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; eye burns, corneal necrosis; skin burns; lacrimation (discharge of tears), cough, sneezing

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

2 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

2 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

2 x 10^-4 mg/m^3

2 x 10^-3 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

The estimated fatal dose of diethanolamine in humans is 20 g.

LD50 Rat oral 710 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 2,300 mg/kg

LD50 Rat acute oral 210 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit acute dermal 11.9 mL/kg

LD50 Mouse sc 3,553 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Goldfish; Concentration: 800 mg/L for 24 hr at pH 9.6 /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Goldfish; Concentration: >5000 mg/L for 24 hr at pH 7 /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Xenopus laevis (African Clawed Frog) age 3-4 wk; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 1174000 ug/L for 48 hr /formulation/

EC50; Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water Flea) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C; Concentration: 72920 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 61800-86040 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIETHANOLAMINE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Marine diatoms (Skeletonema costatum, 10,000 cells/mL) were exposed to a series of 5 or more concn of diethanolamine for 5 days (replicated 3 times). At 548.2 mg/L diethanolamine caused a 50% reduction in the number of cells per mL, and 522.8 mg/L caused a 50% reduction in total cell volume. The no observed effect level (NOEL) was 216 mg/L for both cell measurements.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Alkanolamines are surface-active chemicals used in a wide range of industrial, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications and products. Of particular interest is the use of alkanolamines such as diethanolamine (DEA) in the removal of /carbon dioxide/ from natural gas and for /carbon dioxide/ capture following fossil fuel combustion. Despite this widespread use, relatively little is known about the ecotoxicological impacts of these compounds. In an attempt to assess the potential effects of alkanolamines in the marine environment, a key species in the North Atlantic, the planktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus, was studied for molecular effects following sublethal exposure to DEA. DEA-induced alterations in transcriptome and metabolome profiling were assessed using a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) gene library method and high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR), respectively. Effects were observed on transcription of genes reportedly involved in lipid metabolism, antioxidant systems, metal binding, and amino acid and protein catabolism. These effects were accompanied by altered expression of fatty acid derivates, amino acids (threonine, methionine, glutamine, arginine, alanine and leucine) and cholines (choline, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine). Together, SSH and HR-MAS NMR offer complementary screening tools for the assessment of molecular responses of C. finmarchicus to DEA and can be used in the study of other chemicals and organisms. Concentration-response and time-response relationships between DEA exposure and single gene transcription were investigated using quantitative PCR. Specific relationships were found between DEA exposure and the transcription of genes involved in protein catabolism (ubiquitin-specific protease-7), metal ion homeostasis (ferritin) and defence against oxidative stress (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, glutathione synthase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase). At the lowest alkanolamine concentration used in these experiments, which corresponded to 0.5% of the LC50 concentration, no transcriptional effects were observed, giving information regarding the lower molecular effect level. Finally, similar transcription patterns were observed for a number of different genes following exposure to DEA, which indicates analogous mechanisms of toxicity and response.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In order to investigate the potential ecotoxicity of diethanolamine (DEA), a battery of model systems was developed. DEA is widely used as a chemical intermediate and as a surface-active agent in cosmetic formulations, pharmaceuticals and agricultural products. DEA was studied using ecotoxicological model systems, representing four trophic levels, with several bioindicators evaluated at different exposure time periods. The battery included bioluminescence inhibition of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, growth inhibition of the alga Chlorella vulgaris and immobilization of the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Cell morphology, total protein content, neutral red uptake, MTS metabolization, lysosomal function, succinate dehydrogenase activity, G6PDH activity, metallothionein levels and EROD activity were studied in the hepatoma fish cell line PLHC-1, derived from Poeciliopsis lucida. The systems most sensitive to DEA were both D. magna and V. fischeri, followed by C. vulgaris and the fish cell line PLHC-1. The most prominent morphological effect observed in PLHC-1 cultures exposed to DEA was the induction of a marked steatosis, followed by death at high concentrations, in some cases by apoptosis. The main biochemical modification was a nearly three-fold increase in metallothionein levels, followed by the stimulations of lysosomal function and succinate dehydrogenase and G6PDH activities. Judging by the EC(50) values in the assay systems, DEA is not expected to produce acute toxic effects in the aquatic biota. However, chronic and synergistic effects with other chemicals cannot be excluded.

1.30e+02

1.60e+03

2.10e-01

8.80e-01

4.00e+01

5.00e+00

8.10e-03

2.00e-03

2.00e-04

Volatile

3.80e+02

4.90e+03

6.30e-01

2.60e+00

1.20e+02

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Diethanolamine's production and use as a dispersing agent in cutting oils and lubricants, in chemical synthesis, as a buffer and in liquid detergents for emulsions of paints, shampoos, and polishes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It's use with cracking gases and in various agricultural chemicals will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates diethanolamine will exist solely as a vapor phase in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethanolamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours. Diethanolamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, diethanolamine is expected to have very high mobility based upon a reported Koc of 3.97. The pKa of diethanolamine is 8.96, indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.9X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. Using different biodegradation tests and conditions, it has been shown that diethanolamine will biodegrade in soil and water but degradation is strongly dependent on conditions. If released into water, diethanolamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the reported Koc. Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant and pKa. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to diethanolamine may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethanolamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethanolamine via dermal contact with consumer products like shampoos containing diethanolamine. (SRC)

Diethanolamine's production and use as a dispersing agent in cutting oils and lubricants, in chemical synthesis, as a buffer(1) and in liquid detergents for emulsions of paints, shampoos, and polishes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). It's use with cracking gases and in various agricultural chemicals(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 3.97(2), indicates that diethanolamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of diethanolamine is 8.96(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of diethanolamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.9X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.8X10-4 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5) and its pKa(3). Diethanolamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5). Diethanolamine is expected to biodegrade in soil; however, studies show the rate of degradation can vary widely depending on the conditions and acclimation of the soil(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 3.97(2), indicates that diethanolamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral form from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.9X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.8X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(4). A pKa of 8.96(5) indicates diethanolamine will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces of the cation form is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -1.43(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Diethanolamine is expected to biodegrade in water; however, studies show the rate of degradation can vary widely depending on the conditions and acclimation state(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethanolamine, which has a vapor pressure of 2.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethanolamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Diethanolamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Biodegradation of diethanolamine has been reported in many die-away tests(1-3). N-Nitrosodiethanolamine has been identified as a metabolite of diethanolamine in natural water samples and sewage(2).[Table#2449]

AEROBIC: Many theoretical BOD tests have been reported for diethanolamine(1-5).[Table#2450]

AEROBIC: Various biodegradation test results reported for diethanolamine(1-2). Ammonia and nitrogen dioxide have been reported as break down products of diethanolamine(2).[Table#2451]

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethanolamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diethanolamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Diethanolamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for diethanolamine(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.43(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of diethanolamine has been reported as 3.97(1) and an experimental log Koc of 0.60(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that diethanolamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of diethanolamine is 8.96(4), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Diethanolamine has been shown to adsorb to humic acid which may be contained in soils and sediments(6). The adsorption of diethanolamine on humic acid changed very slightly from pH 4-8, (40-45% adsorption)(6).

The Henry's Law constant for diethanolamine is estimated as 3.9X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.8X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diethanolamine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Diethanolamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Diethanolamine was detected in a Mediterranean Estuarine Water Survey(1).[Table#2454]

Diethanolamine has been quantitatively detected as a volatile compound of lubricating-cooling liquids, used in various processes in machine building and metallurgy, at a concentration range of 0.25-0.40 mg/cu m(1).

SEDIMENT: Diethanolamine was detected in sediment samples from the Ebro Delta at <0.001 to 0.027 ug/g dry weight in samples collected Dec 1990 to June 1991(1).

SOIL: Diethanolamine was detected in 50 of 822 soil samples from 21 of 49 agrichemical facilities in Illinois, concentrations of 18 to 517 ug/kg were detected(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIETHANOLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Symbol: Xn; R: 22-38-41-48/22; S: (2)-26-36/37/39-46