1-octene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.1% (102 of 2014) of reports.

H225 (94.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (94.8%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (17.7%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H411 (17.7%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P321, P331, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2014 reports by companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 102 of 2014 reports by companies.

There are 22 notifications provided by 1912 of 2014 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.5% (4 of 113) of reports.

H225 (96.5%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (96.5%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H400 (94.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (94.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 113 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 113 reports by companies.

There are 3 notifications provided by 109 of 113 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

INHALATION: remove from exposure; support respiration.

INGESTION: do NOT induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

VENTILATION CONTROL: THE BASIC ... METHODS ARE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION & DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Keep in the dark. Cool. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED.

40 [ppm]

800 [ppm]

2000 [ppm]

ERPG-1: 40 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 800 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 2,000 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Organic vapor canister; goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1-octene appears as a colorless liquid. Flash point 70 °F. Insoluble in water and less dense (at about 6 lb / gal) than water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air and may settle in depressions. Reported to biodegrade very slowly. Used in organic synthesis, surfactants, and plasticizers.

Colorless liquid; [ICSC]

Colorless liquid; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colourless liquid, Petroleum-like aroma

Colorless liquid

250.3 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

121.2 °C @ 760 mm Hg

Boiling point: 121.2 °C /1-Octene/; 125 °C /2-Octene (E)/; 125.6 °C /2-Octene (Z)/; 123.3 °C /3-Octene (E)/; 122.9 °C /3-Octene (Z)/ 122.3 °C /4-Octene (E)/; 122.5 °C /4-Octene (Z)/

121 -122 °C

121.2 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-151 °F (USCG, 1999)

-101.7 °C

Melting point: -101.7 °C /1-Octene/; -87.7 °C /2-Octene (E)/; -100.2 °C /2-Octene (Z)/; -110 °C /3-Octene (E)/; -126 °C /3-Octene (Z)/; -93.8 °C /4-Octene (E)/; -118.7 °C /4-Octene (Z)/

70 °F (USCG, 1999)

70 °F (21 °C) (OPEN CUP)

10 °C c.c.

Miscible with ethanol, ether

Miscible in ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether and acetone

In water, 4.1 mg/l @ 25 °C

0.0041 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.0004

Practically insoluble to insoluble

Slightly soluble (in ethanol)

0.715 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7149 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Density: 0.7149 /1-Octene/; 0.7199 g/cu cm @ 20 °C /2-Octene (E)/; 0.7243 g/cu cm @ 20 °C /2-Octene (Z)/; 0.7152 g/cu cm @ 20 °C /3-Octene (E)/; 0.7159 g/cu cm @ 20 °C /3-Octene (Z)/; 0.7141 g/cu cm @ 20 °C /4-Octene (E)/; 0.7212 g/cu cm @ 20 °C /4-Octene (Z)/

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

0.718-0.722

0.71 @25 °C

3.87 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.9

17.4 [mmHg]

2.03 [mmHg]

17.4 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2

17.4 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= 4.57

493 °F (USCG, 1999)

446 °F (230 °C)

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Highly Flammable

1-OCTENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions.

DISASTER HAZARD: DANGEROUS, UPON EXPOSURE TO HEAT OR FLAME; CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS.

1-Octene

D: Other compounds that may form peroxides

3 samples had 3-10 ppm peroxide; age >1 yrs

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Drowsiness. Dizziness.

Dry skin.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

LC50 (rat) = 8,055 ppm/4h

In humans, they cause headache, inability to pay sustained attention, vertigo, nausea, and CNS depression. Octenes may be more irritant to mucous membranes, skin, and eyes than the lower homologues. /Octenes/

Octenes, when ingested, may rapidly be aspirated into the lungs and may act as a simple asphyxiant. /Octenes/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in aquatic organisms.

1-Octene's production and use as in the manufacture of polyethylene, plasticizers, and surfactants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It may also be released to the environment from its presence in gasoline. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-octene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.9 hrs. If released to soil, 1-octene is expected to have low to moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 510. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.627 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Octene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Based on pure culture studies, 1-octene has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in soil and water. If released into water, 1-octene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 hrs and 4.2 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. An estimated BCF of 660 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to 1-octene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1-octene by inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food containing 1-octene, or dermal contact due to its presence in gasoline. (SRC)

1-Octene's production and use in the manufacture of high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, plasticizers and surfactants(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Octene is emitted in auto exhaust, by turbines, and in brewing(1). It is also a volatile emission from gasoline(2). 1-Octene was identified in emissions in which the field burning of agricultural plastic was simulated in laboratory experiments(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 507(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-octene should have low to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-octene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.627 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 17.4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 4.1 mg/l(4). The potential for volatilization of 1-octene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Based on pure culture studies, 1-octene has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in soil(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 510(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1-octene should adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.627 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 17.4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4.1 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 hours and 4.2 days, respectively(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond 2 m deep is estimated to be 37 hrs ignoring adsorption; when considering maximum adsorption, the volatilization half-life increases to 95 hrs(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF of 660(SRC) estimated from its log Kow of 4.57(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Based on pure culture studies, 1-octene has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in water(10,11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-octene, which has a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.9 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase 1-octene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone molecules(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Pure culture studies using Cornynebacterium sp(1) and various strains of Pseudomonas(2-5) were found to oxidize 1-octene indicating that it has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions(SRC). 1,2-Epoxyoctane was identified as a product of the pure culture oxidations(5,6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-octene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-octene with ozone in the atmosphere has been estimated as 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). 1-Octene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(2).

Olefins are known to contribute to photochemical smog; their atmospheric reactions contribute to the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants and free radicals. Reaction of 1-octene with ozone in the dark produced heptanal, formaldehyde and OH radicals(1). The reaction in the present of sunlight, NO, and alkenes or aldehydes, produced carbonyls, alkyl nitrates and peroxyacyl nitrates. The carbonyl products of the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with 1-octene were (product, yield): heptanal, 0.21; formaldehyde, 0.39(2). The product yield data suggest that the intermediate beta-hydroxylalkoxy radicals undergo isomerization as oppossed to reaction with O2 dominating for smaller members of the 1-alkene homologs(2,3).

An estimated BCF of 660 was calculated for 1-octene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-octene can be estimated to be 510(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-octene is expected to have a low to moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-octene is estimated as 0.627 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 17.4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4.1 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-octene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.1 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond 2 m deep is estimated to be 37 hrs ignoring adsorption; when considering maximum adsorption, the volatilization half-life increases to 95 hrs(4). 1-Octene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-octene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg(1).

1-Octene was detected in one of 10 influent samples at waste water treatment plants (POTWs) in the Great Lakes basin at a concn of <1 ppb(1). Exhaust from turbojet engines operated at simulated high-altitude flight conditions 0.06-36.1 ppmC (ppm carbon) of 1-octene(2). It was identified as a volatile emission from gasoline(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-octene was qualitatively detected in air samples collected in Riverside, CA, 1990(1). It was qualitatively detected in roadside ambient air samples, date and location not provided(2). 1-Octene was qualitatively detected in samples taken in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, 1979(3).

INDOOR AIR: 1-Octene was listed as a volatile organic compound frequently found in new and renovated buildings(1).

1-Octene has been identified as a volatile in heated peanut oil(1), beef(2,3), chick peas(4), and fried chicken(5). 1-Octene was detected as an emission from hot rape seed oil(6).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 485 workers (16 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-octene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-octene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octene is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to 1-octene by inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food containing 1-octene, or dermal contact due to its presence in gasoline(2) containing 1-octene(SRC). The general population may also be exposed to 1-octene by inhalation because of its presence in new and renovated buildings(3).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in aquatic organisms.

1-Octene's production and use as in the manufacture of polyethylene, plasticizers, and surfactants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It may also be released to the environment from its presence in gasoline. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-octene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.9 hrs. If released to soil, 1-octene is expected to have low to moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 510. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.627 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Octene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Based on pure culture studies, 1-octene has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in soil and water. If released into water, 1-octene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 hrs and 4.2 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. An estimated BCF of 660 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to 1-octene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1-octene by inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food containing 1-octene, or dermal contact due to its presence in gasoline. (SRC)

1-Octene's production and use in the manufacture of high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, plasticizers and surfactants(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Octene is emitted in auto exhaust, by turbines, and in brewing(1). It is also a volatile emission from gasoline(2). 1-Octene was identified in emissions in which the field burning of agricultural plastic was simulated in laboratory experiments(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 507(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-octene should have low to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-octene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.627 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 17.4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 4.1 mg/l(4). The potential for volatilization of 1-octene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Based on pure culture studies, 1-octene has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in soil(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 510(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1-octene should adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.627 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 17.4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4.1 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 hours and 4.2 days, respectively(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond 2 m deep is estimated to be 37 hrs ignoring adsorption; when considering maximum adsorption, the volatilization half-life increases to 95 hrs(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF of 660(SRC) estimated from its log Kow of 4.57(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Based on pure culture studies, 1-octene has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in water(10,11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-octene, which has a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.9 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase 1-octene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone molecules(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Pure culture studies using Cornynebacterium sp(1) and various strains of Pseudomonas(2-5) were found to oxidize 1-octene indicating that it has the potential to biodegrade under aerobic conditions(SRC). 1,2-Epoxyoctane was identified as a product of the pure culture oxidations(5,6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-octene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-octene with ozone in the atmosphere has been estimated as 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). 1-Octene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(2).

Olefins are known to contribute to photochemical smog; their atmospheric reactions contribute to the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants and free radicals. Reaction of 1-octene with ozone in the dark produced heptanal, formaldehyde and OH radicals(1). The reaction in the present of sunlight, NO, and alkenes or aldehydes, produced carbonyls, alkyl nitrates and peroxyacyl nitrates. The carbonyl products of the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with 1-octene were (product, yield): heptanal, 0.21; formaldehyde, 0.39(2). The product yield data suggest that the intermediate beta-hydroxylalkoxy radicals undergo isomerization as oppossed to reaction with O2 dominating for smaller members of the 1-alkene homologs(2,3).

An estimated BCF of 660 was calculated for 1-octene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-octene can be estimated to be 510(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-octene is expected to have a low to moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-octene is estimated as 0.627 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 17.4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4.1 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-octene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.1 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond 2 m deep is estimated to be 37 hrs ignoring adsorption; when considering maximum adsorption, the volatilization half-life increases to 95 hrs(4). 1-Octene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-octene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.4 mm Hg(1).

1-Octene was detected in one of 10 influent samples at waste water treatment plants (POTWs) in the Great Lakes basin at a concn of <1 ppb(1). Exhaust from turbojet engines operated at simulated high-altitude flight conditions 0.06-36.1 ppmC (ppm carbon) of 1-octene(2). It was identified as a volatile emission from gasoline(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-octene was qualitatively detected in air samples collected in Riverside, CA, 1990(1). It was qualitatively detected in roadside ambient air samples, date and location not provided(2). 1-Octene was qualitatively detected in samples taken in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, 1979(3).

INDOOR AIR: 1-Octene was listed as a volatile organic compound frequently found in new and renovated buildings(1).

1-Octene has been identified as a volatile in heated peanut oil(1), beef(2,3), chick peas(4), and fried chicken(5). 1-Octene was detected as an emission from hot rape seed oil(6).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 485 workers (16 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-octene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-octene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octene is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to 1-octene by inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food containing 1-octene, or dermal contact due to its presence in gasoline(2) containing 1-octene(SRC). The general population may also be exposed to 1-octene by inhalation because of its presence in new and renovated buildings(3).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II