Adiponitrile

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (18.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (18.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (18.8%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (79.5%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (18.3%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 224 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P284, P301+P316, P302+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Administration of oxygen may be needed. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Adiponitrile Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to adiponitrile may include tightness of the chest and tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate). Tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and cyanosis (blue tint to skin and mucous membranes) may also occur. Victims may experience headache, weakness, dizziness, difficulty in standing, dilated pupils, confusion, and seizures. Vomiting has been reported. Adiponitrile may irritate or burn the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to adiponitrile may require decontamination and life support for the victims. All exposed persons should be transported to a health care facility as quickly as possible. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to adiponitrile.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with adiponitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents can result in self-poisoning.

3. RUSH to a health care facility!

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to adiponitrile.

4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

6. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with adiponitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents can result in self-poisoning.

2. RUSH to a health care facility!

3. DO NOT induce vomiting. Ipecac is not recommended for ingestion of adiponitrile.

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

Wear chemical protective suit with self-contained breathing apparatus. Cool exposed containers with water.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

USE WATER SPRAY, DRY CHEMICAL, FOAM OR CARBON DIOXIDE. USE WATER SPRAY TO KEEP FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS COOL. APPROACH FIRE FROM UPWIND TO AVOID HAZARDOUS VAPORS AND TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water form as far a distance as possible.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, and protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

A poor candidate for incineration. /Cyanides/

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed oand replaced.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ADIPONITRILE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Ventilation along the floor.

Separate from strong acids and oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1.5 [ppm]

17 [ppm]

75 [ppm]

4 ppm (18 mg/m³)

TWA 4 ppm (18 mg/m3)

See: IDLH INDEX

2.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

2 ppm as TWA; (skin)

2 ppm [1990]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. Exposure could cause convulsions, unconsciousness and death. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood and adrenals. This may result in anaemia and tissue lesions.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Adiponitrile:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

RUBBER GLOVES & CLOTHING GIVING FULL BODY & FACE PROTECTION TO AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN. AIR OR OXYGEN MASK.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 40 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ADIPONITRILE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Adiponitrile appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid which is fairly soluble and is less dense than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.

Liquid; CBI

Water-white, practically odorless, oily liquid;[Note: A solid below 34 degrees F; Forms cyanide in the body; [NIOSH]

ODOURLESS OILY COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Water-white, practically odorless, oily liquid.

Water-white, practically odorless, oily liquid. [Note: A solid below 34 °F. Forms cyanide in the body.]

NEEDLES FROM ETHER

Colorless liq

Water-white, oily liquid

Practically odorless.

563 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

295 °C @ 760 mm Hg

295 °C @760 [mm Hg]

36.1 °F (EPA, 1998)

199.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

200 °F (93 °C) (OPEN CUP)

159 °C c.c.

199 °F (open cup)

(oc) 199 °F

50 to 100 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)

Sol in alc, chloroform

Sol in methanol, ethanol, chloroalkanes, and aromatics but has low solubility in carbon disulfide, ethyl ether, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

In water, 8.0X10+4 mg/l @ 20 °C.

Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 50-100 (good)

0.965 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9676 g/ml @ 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.97

0.963 @ 20°C

3.73 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.73 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.7

2 mmHg at 246 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.000679 [mmHg]

6.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.3

0.002 mmHg

0.001 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow= -0.32

1022 °F (USCG, 1999)

1022 °F (550 °C)

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Nitriles

ADIPONITRILE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It is also incompatible with strong acids, strong bases and strong reducing agents. (NTP, 1992).

Oxidizers (e,g., perchlorates, nitrates), strong acids (e.g., sulfuric acid) [Note: Decomposes above 194 degrees F, forming hydrogen cyanide].

... 18 Month old bottles of iminodipropionitrile exploded, probably owing to slow hydrolysis and release of ammonia.

Oxidizers (e.g., perchlorates, nitrates), strong acids (e.g., sulfuric acid) [Note: Decomposes above 194 °F, forming hydrogen cyanide.]

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Adiponitrile

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: No human and no animal cancer data were available. Adiponitrile was negative for mutagenicity in Salmonella with and without activation. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Headache. Vomiting. Dizziness. Nausea. Laboured breathing. Confusion. Convulsions.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Redness. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), confusion, convulsions; blurred vision; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

6 x 10^-3 mg/m^3

6 x 10^-2 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 1,710 mg/m3/4h

LD50: 155 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 40 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)

LD50: 50 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Guinea pig) (T32)

LC50: 1.71 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T88)

LD50 Guinea pig sc 50 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 155 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 40 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 1.71 mg/l/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ADIPONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

The toxic mechanism of nitriles (including adiponitrile) and the effect of metabolic modifiers in mice were studied in relation to their physicochemical properties. All the test nitriles liberated cyanide both in vivo and in vitro, with the exception of benzonitrile, although the extent of liberation and the effect of carbon tetrachloride pretreatment on the mortality of animals differed among nitriles. From these results, test compounds were tentatively divided into 3 groups. In group 1, acute toxicity was greatly reduced by carbon tetrachloride pretreatment, in group 2, toxicity was not significantly changed or was somewhat enhanced, and in group 3, benzonitrile only, toxicity was clearly enhanced. The amount of cyanide was higher at death in the brains of mice given group 1 compounds, the level being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. The relation between log (1/LD50) and log p for the compounds in group 1 fitted a parabolic plot, while that for compounds in group 2 was linear. For most nitriles, the in vitro metabolism was inhibited when the incubation mixture contained either SKF-525A, carbon monoxide, or microsomes from mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. When mice were closed with ethyl alcohol, metabolic enhancement of nitriles was seen compared with the control. However, ethyl alcohol, when added to the incubation mixture, inhibited the in vitro metabolism of nitriles.

A person who has inhaled the vapors should be moved to an uncontaminated environment, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be administered. If the victim breathes with difficulty, oxygen should be given. In case of eye contact, flush with copious water for at least 20 min and call a physician. In case of ingestion, induce vomiting and call a physician. For skin contact, wash with plenty of soap and water.

Rapid support of respiration & circulation is essential to successful treatment of cyanide intoxication. Massive cyanide overdoses have survived with only good supportive care. Immediate attention should be directed toward assisted ventilation, admin of 100% oxygen, insertion of iv lines, & institution of cardiac monitoring. Obtain an arterial blood gas immediately & correct any severe metabolic acidosis (pH below 7.15). Oxygen (100%) should be used routinely in moderate or severely symptomatic patients even in the presence of a normal pO2, since 100% O2 incr O2 delivery, may reactivate cyanide-inhibited mitochondrial enzymes, & potentiates the effect of thiosulfate. Avoid mouth to mouth resuscitation during CPR in order to prevent self poisoning. /Cyanides/

Amyl nitrite perles are designed to produce 3% to 5% methemoglobinemia while an iv line is established for iv sodium nitrite. As a temporizing measure, the patient inhales the vapors until the sodium nitrite is ready. Because of the variability in methemoglobin production & the potential for cardiovascular collapse, this step may be omitted if sodium nitrite is readily available & the patient is not in extremis. Adequate ventilation & oxygenation are more important than admin of amyl nitrite. One perle (0.2 ml) is crushed & inhaled for 30 sec every min until iv nitrite is given. Sodium nitrite (3% soln), as 10 ml of a 3% soln (eg, 300 mg), is admin iv slowly over 4 min to produce a 20% methemoglobin level in adults. Children should receive 0.33 ml of the 3% soln/kg initially at an infusion rate of 2.5 ml/min, up to a maximum of 10 ml. Administer sodium nitrite doses to children on the basis of body weight, since fatal methemoglobinemia has occurred in children. /Cyanides/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ADIPONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A case history of human exposure ... reported the effects of drinking "a few milliliters" of adiponitrile by an 18 yr old male. About 20 min after ingestion he experienced tightness in the chest, headache, weakness with difficulty in standing, and vertigo. He became cyanotic, respirations were rapid, & he had low blood pressure & tachycardia. The pupils were dilated & barely reacted to light. He exhibited mental confusion & tonic-clonic contractions of limbs & facial muscles.

... Human skin exposure to adiponitrile result in skin irritation and inflammation ... one case in which adiponitrile caused massive destruction of the skin on one foot.

HIGHLY TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION & SKIN ABSORPTION. IT PRODUCES DISTURBANCES OF RESPIRATORY & CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS.

POISONING BY ADIPONITRILE RESEMBLES POISONING WITH HYDROCYANIC ACID ... .

TLm Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 820 mg/l/96 hr (hard water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TLm Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 1250 mg/l/96 hr (soft water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TLm Bluegill sunfish 1250 mg/l/24 hr (soft water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TLm Guppies 775 mg/l/96 hr (soft water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

8.50e+06

3.60e+07

6.30e+00

2.60e+01

6.00e-03

Volatile

2.60e+07

1.10e+08

1.90e+01

7.90e+01

Adiponitrile's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of nylon, organic synthesis, and as an extractant for aromatic hydrocarbons may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 6.79X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates adiponitrile will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase adiponitrile will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days. If released to soil, adiponitrile is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 16. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.21X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Microorganisms isolated from soil were able to use adiponitrile as their sole source of carbon. If released into water, adiponitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Adiponitrile had a 5-day theoretical BOD of 40% in a river die-away study using unacclimated river water with a sewage inocula; the 12-day theoretical BOD was >100%. Thus, adiponitrile is expected to biodegrade in aquatic systems. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Chemical hydrolysis of adiponitrile is expected to be slow based on a chemical hydrolysis half-life of >150,000 yrs for acetonitrile. Occupational exposure to adiponitrile may occur by dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where adiponitrile is produced or used. (SRC)

Adiponitrile's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of nylon(1), organic synthesis(1), and as an extractant for aromatic hydrocarbons(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.32(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that adiponitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of adiponitrile from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.21X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6.79X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8.00X10+4 mg/l(5). Adiponitrile is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). In water, adiponitrile had a 5-day theoretical BOD of 40% in a river die-away study using unacclimated Ohio River water, 0.5-10 mg/l substrate concn and sewage inocula(6); the 12-day theoretical BOD was >100%(6); negligible degradation was observed after 2 days(6). In addition, microorganisms (Aeromonas sp.) isolated from soil were able to use adiponitrile as its sole source of carbon(7). Thus, adiponitrile may be expected to biodegrade in soil systems(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.32(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that adiponitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.21X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6.79X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8.00X10+4 mg/l(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Adiponitrile had a 5-day theoretical BOD of 40% in a river die-away study using unacclimated Ohio River water, 0.5-10 mg/l substrate concn and sewage inocula(8); the 12-day theoretical BOD was >100%(8); negligible degradation was observed after 2 days(8). Thus, adiponitrile is expected to biodegrade in aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), adiponitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 6.79X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase adiponitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.12X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Adiponitrile had a 5-day theoretical BOD of 40% in a river die-away study using unacclimated Ohio River water, 0.5-10 mg/l substrate concn and sewage inocula(1); a 12-day theoretical BOD was >100%(1); negligible degradation was observed after 2 days(1). At a substrate concn of 40 mg/l and 20 °C, adiponitrile had theoretical CO2 evolutions of 10 and 60% after 2 and 9 days, respectively, in river die-away studies using unacclimated Ohio River water and sewage inocula(1); at 5 °C, theoretical CO2 evolution was 10 and 60% after 7.5 and 33 days, respectively(1). At 20 °C, effects of acclimation were examined by redosing at an initial substrate concn of 40 mg/l; the ratio of time it took to achieve 60% oxidation on 1st and 2nd feeding was 2.1 to 1(1). Adiponitrile was found to be toxic to one activated sludge unit after 72 hrs with a metal substrate concn of 500 mg/l; the other two sludge units had 2.2-2.8% theoretical BOD(2). Using a bench scale activated sludge unit, 93-98% BOD removal of adiponitrile was achieved using an influent concn equivalent to 275-350 mg/l BOD and a mean aeration retention time of 7-13 hours(3). Adiponitrile, present at 30 mg/l, reached 85% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(4). Microorganisms (Aeromonas sp.) isolated from soil were able to use adiponitrile as their sole source of carbon(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of adiponitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.12X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Chemical hydrolysis is expected to be slow, based on a chemical hydrolysis half-life of >150,000 yrs for acetonitrile(2). Adiponitrile is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for adiponitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.32(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of adiponitrile is estimated as 16(SRC), using a measured log Kow of -0.32(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that adiponitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for adiponitrile is estimated as 1.21X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.79X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 8.00X10+4 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that adiponitrile is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(3). Adiponitrile is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Adiponitrile was tentatively identified in drinking water collected in New Orleans, LA on Jan 14, 1976(1).

Identified in effluent from a nylon manufacturing plant during Aug 1973(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 478 workers (41 of these are female) are potentially exposed to adiponitrile in the US(1). Occupational exposure to adiponitrile may occur by dermal contact(2) with this compound at workplaces where adiponitrile is produced or used(SRC).

A poor candidate for incineration. /Cyanides/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ADIPONITRILE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2205; Adiponitrile

IMO 6.1; Adiponitrile

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III