Heptanal

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315 (99.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (91.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1692 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Vapor may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

N-heptaldehyde appears as a colorless, oily liquid with a penetrating fruity odor. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Hence floats on water. Used to make perfumes and pharmaceuticals.

Colorless liquid with a strong fruity odor; Hygroscopic; [Hawley] Clear faintly yellow-green liquid; [MSDSonline]

colourless to slightly yellow liquid/penetrating, oily odour

Oily colorless liquid

FATTY, PUNGENT ODOR

Penetrating fruity odor

FATTY TASTE

307 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

152.8 °C

152.00 to 153.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

-45 °F (NTP, 1992)

-43.3 °C

Heat of fusion = 2.3585X10+7 J/kmol at melting point

95 °F (NTP, 1992)

48 °C (closed cup)

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with alcohol, ether. Soluble in 3 volumes of 60% alcohol.

1:12 IN 50% ALC, 1:4 IN 60% ALC, 1:2 IN 70% ALC

Slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride; miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether

In water, 1,250 mg/L at 25 °C

1.25 mg/mL at 25 °C

slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, ether, fixed oils

1 ml in 2 ml 70% alcohol (in ethanol)

0.8495 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.82162 g/cu cm at 25 °C

0.814-0.819

3.9 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.9 (Air = 1)

3 mmHg at 77 °F ; 5 mmHg at 90.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

3.52 [mmHg]

3.52 mm Hg at 25 °C

Henry's Law constant = 2.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

Autoflammability: 250 °C at 1013 hPa

0.977 cP at 15 °C; 0.791 cP at 30 °C

-1062.4 kcal/mol (liquid)

33.78 kJ/mol at 25 °C /from experimentally-derived coefficients/

25.68 at 30 °C

Index of refraction 1.4113 at 20 C/D

1.412-1.420

Surface tension against water at 30 deg : 14.41

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Aldehydes

Highly Flammable

N-HEPTALDEHYDE may undergo exothermic self-condensation or polymerization reactions in the presence of acids. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Is readily oxidized to give heptanoic acid. Can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately heptanoic acid. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The presence of stabilizers (antioxidants) retards autoxidation. Incompatible with strong oxidizers, bases and reducing agents. (NTP, 1992)

Uremic toxins such as heptanal are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This seems to be mediated by the direct binding or inhibition by uremic toxins of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (especially NOX4 which is abundant in the kidneys and heart) (A7868). Reactive oxygen species can induce several different DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are involved in the silencing of a protein known as KLOTHO. KLOTHO has been identified as having important roles in anti-aging, mineral metabolism, and vitamin D metabolism. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869).

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.

Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)

As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present.

n-Heptanal

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

LC50 (rat) > 18,400 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat oral 14 g/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 20 g/kg

LD50 Mouse ip >0.5 g/kg /From table/

Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... The halogenated aliphatic aldehydes, and the unsaturated aldehydes are particularly irritating. The mucus membranes of the nasal and oral passages and the upper respiratory tract are affected, producing a burning sensation, an increased ventilation rate, bronchial constriction, choking, and coughing. The eyes tear, and a burning sensation is noted on the skin of the face. During low exposures, the initial discomfort may abate after 5 to 10 minutes but will recur if exposure is resumed after an interruption. /Aldehydes/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A single dose of 500 mg/kg of heptanal in mineral oil (25% solution) was applied to the freshly clipped lateral and dorsal areas of groups of rabbits (5/sex/group) daily for 5 days per week for 2 weeks. The skin of half the animals was abraded prior to the first, sixth, and eighth dose. A control group was treated with mineral oil only. Viability was recorded twice daily, observations for skin irritation were made daily, and body weights were measured weekly. After 2 weeks 6 animals (3 with abraded and 3 with intact skin) were necropsied with the remaining 4 animals sacrificed after an additional 2-week recovery period. Tissues from 29 organs were removed and preserved in 10% formalin. No mortalities were observed at weeks 2 and 4. Most animals exhibited a weight loss after one or two weeks, but animals held for an additional two week recovery period exhibited normal weight gain compared to controls. Most animals showed local dermal irritation reflected by slight to moderate erythema during the first week. Localized necrosis and exfoliation occurred in most animals during the second week. Microscopic evaluation revealed epidermal necrosis, epidermal hyperplasia, and hyperkeratosis at the application site. the skin application sites of animals held to week 4 appeared healed. The sites were re-epithelialized and continuous with normal follicular structure and population. no other microscopic alternations were reported for any other tissue that could be related to administration of /heptanal/.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ After a 4-day acclimatization period, rats were divided randomly into four groups of 15 animals of each sex and maintained on diets to provide daily intakes of 0 (control), 10, 40 and 60 mg/kg bw/day for 13-14 weeks. Rats were examined daily for mortality and clinical signs. Rats were weighed twice weekly and food consumption was measured daily. Water intake was recorded twice weekly. Blood was collected from the retro-orbitol plexus at week 6 and from the aorta of anesthetized rats at week 13/14. Hematology examined hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and leucocyte count. Serum clinical chemistry was performed on serum at weeks 6 and 13/14. Urine samples were collected during week 6 and during the last week of the study and examined for volume, pH, glucose, blood, bile, ketones and protein. At the end of the study, the rats were necropsied and histopathological examination of major tissues and organs (29) were performed. ... At 150 mg/kg/body weight; slight decrease in renal concentrating ability was reported at week 6 in males and at week 14 in females. Serum glucose levels of both sexes were elevated as compared to the controls at 150 mg/kg bw/d. There were no evidence of histopathology to any tissue or organ including the testes and ovaries.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ /New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to Heptanal via the dermal route for 2 weeks; 5 days/week. The doses were 2ml/kg sol at 25%: 500 mg/kg. No mortality, only slight weight loss was noted at the end of the study. Slight or moderate erythema on the skin with minimal edema and no necrosis or eschar formation during the 1st week. Necrosis and eschar formation, atonia fissuring, desquamation, and exfoliation occurred subsequently. Dermal responses subsided in animals held for recovery. No histopathological changes in animals held for recovery. No histo-pathological changes were observed in brain, heart, kidneys, liver and lungs. The LOAEL was observed at 500 mg/kg./

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Test Type: Reproduction Study Species/strain: Rat/Wistar female, piebald Duration of Test: 20 day. Premating Exposure period for females: None reported Several young female rats were mated with one male and the mating success was monitored by daily vaginal smears. Ten females were used in the study. ... Body weights were measured daily and the difference in weight between the weight on the day of insemination and immediately after parturition were also recorded. There was no reported of resorptions in any of the 10 female rats. Oral administration of 2050 mg/kg/bw/day of heptanal resulted in no evidence of reproductive toxicity in female Wistar rats. Study contained measurement of limited number of parameters measuring reproduction. Oral study was a preliminary study in Wistar rats. The results of the study were used to design a second study using the intraperitoneal route of administration. In the second study heptanal did not impair the reproductive system of rats.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-HEPTANAL (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Heptanal (CAS # 111-71-7) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity. The test substance was administered to Sprague-Dawley CD rats (3/sex) at an average analytical concentration of 4.7 mg/l for 4-hours. All animals survived the duration of the study. Observations noted during exposure included labored breathing, gasping, salivation, and decreased activity. Clinical signs noted during the first day included a few secretory responses and yellow ano-genital staining. During the week after exposure, all animals gained weight and exhibited a few scattered responses such as dry rales and nasal discharge.

Heptanal (CAS # 111-71-7) was evaluated for dermal sensitization. The test substance was applied (dosage not indicated) under occlusion to the same sites on the forearms of 25 humans for five alternate-day 48-hour periods. The patch sites were pre-treated for 24-hours with 5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate under occlusion. The challenge sites that were previously treated were examined on removal of the patch and 24-hours thereafter. The test substance produced no contact-sensitization.

Heptanal (CAS # 111-71-7) was evaluated for dermal sensitization in the guinea-pig maximization test of Magnusson and Kligman. The test substance was applied at a dosage of 0.1 ml to the shoulder region of 10 male and 10 female guinea pigs ("P" strain). One test animal died before induction and another was sacrificed because it had lost 27% of its initial body weight. Therefore, only 18 guinea pigs were included in the challenge procedure. Two weeks after induction, a challenge patch of 0.1 ml of test substance was applied at a previously untreated site under occlusive wrap. Results of the challenge procedure include 4 animals that showed a positive response after 24-hours and 3 animals that showed positive responses after 48 hours.

Heptanal (CAS # 111-71-7) was evaluated for genotoxicity in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. The test material did not induce increases in mutant frequency with or without S-9 mix metabolic activation. Without activation, concentrations up to 100 nl/ml became highly toxic without causing increases in mutant frequency. With activation, 250 nl/ml was moderately toxic and non-mutagenic, whereas 400 nl/ml was lethal. The test substance was considered to be nonmutagenic in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay.

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for N-HEPTANAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, 26-34 day old juvenile); Conditions: freshwater, continuous flow through system; Concentration: 37.9 mg/L for 96 hr /metabolic precursor, 1-heptanol/

LC50; Species: Alburnus alburnus (Bleak); Conditions: brackish water, static no aeration; Concentration: 45 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 42-49 mg/L) /metabolic precursor,1-heptanol dissolved in water/

LC50; Species: Nitocra spinipes (harpacticoid); Conditions: brackish water, static; Concentration: 210 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 170-250 mg/L) /metabolic precursor,1-heptanol dissolved in water/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, fingerlings 10 days old); Conditions: freshwater, semi-static (solution were removed daily), 15.1 + or - 1 °C, pH 8.3 + or -0.2, dissolved oxygen 10.1 + or -0.2 mg/L; Concentration: 12 mg/L for 96 hr /98% (methyl hexanoate, 1%)/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-HEPTANAL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.40e+01

1.00e+02

3.10e+00

1.30e+01

6.30e+00

2.00e-01

1.40e-03

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, 26-34 day old juvenile); Conditions: freshwater, continuous flow through system; Concentration: 37.9 mg/L for 96 hr /metabolic precursor, 1-heptanol/

LC50; Species: Alburnus alburnus (Bleak); Conditions: brackish water, static no aeration; Concentration: 45 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 42-49 mg/L) /metabolic precursor,1-heptanol dissolved in water/

LC50; Species: Nitocra spinipes (harpacticoid); Conditions: brackish water, static; Concentration: 210 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 170-250 mg/L) /metabolic precursor,1-heptanol dissolved in water/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, fingerlings 10 days old); Conditions: freshwater, semi-static (solution were removed daily), 15.1 + or - 1 °C, pH 8.3 + or -0.2, dissolved oxygen 10.1 + or -0.2 mg/L; Concentration: 12 mg/L for 96 hr /98% (methyl hexanoate, 1%)/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-HEPTANAL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.40e+01

1.00e+02

3.10e+00

1.30e+01

6.30e+00

2.00e-01

1.40e-03

3.00e-03

Volatile

2.09e+02

7.30e+01

3.10e+02

9.40e+00

3.90e+01

1.90e+01

n-Heptanal's production and use in the manufacture of 1-heptanol, in organic synthesis, perfumery, pharmaceuticals, and in flavoring agents may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Heptanal has been identified as a volatile in fruits and vegetables, microbial processes and animal wastes, freshwater diatoms and chrysophytes, and autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.52 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-heptanal will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-heptanal will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hrs. n-Heptanal contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-heptanal is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 86. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. n-Heptanal may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A theoretical BOD of 14.7% in 1 day using an activated sludge indicates that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, n-heptanal is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. In a groundwater recharge project in Palo Alto, CA, 70% of theoretical COD of n-heptanal was removed, indicating that n-heptanal will biodegrade in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to n-heptanal may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-heptanal is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-heptanal via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing n-heptanal. (SRC)

HEPTANAL IS CONSTITUENT OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF YLANG-YLANG, CLARY SAGE, CALIFORNIA LEMON, BITTER ORANGE, ROSE & HYACINTH.

n-Heptanal has been identified as a volatile in kiwi fruit flowers(1), pineapple guava(2), cassava(3), apricots(4), plums(4), and Bisbee delicious apples(5). n-Heptanal was emitted from rape during the blooming period(6) and by vegetation growing under the canopy in northern European forests(7). n-Heptanal was found in raw earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(8). Other sources of heptanal include microbes(9-10) and animal wastes(9), marine microorganisms, freshwater diatoms and chrysophytes, and autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids(11).

n-Heptanal's production and use in the manufacture of 1-heptanol, in organic synthesis, perfumery, pharmaceuticals, and in flavoring agents(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 86(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1250 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-heptanal is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-heptanal from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). n-Heptanal is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.52 mm Hg(5). A theoretical BOD of 14.7% in 1 day using an activated sludge(6) indicates that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 86(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1,250 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-heptanal is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In a groundwater recharge project, CA, 70% of theoretical COD of n-heptanal was removed(6), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). n-Heptanal is easily oxidized(7) and may be oxidized by oxygen and other oxidants present in natural water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-heptanal, which has a vapor pressure of 3.52 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-heptanal is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Heptanal contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: n-Heptanal biodegraded fast with acclimation in a respiratory screening test using an activated sludge inoculum; using a n-heptanal concentration of 500 mg/L at 20 °C, 14.7% of the theoretical oxygen demand was consumed in 1 day(1). In a biological treatment simulation with a continuous feed, 71% removal was achieved(2). In a groundwater recharge project in Palo Alto, CA, 70% of theoretical COD was removed(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-heptanal with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 3.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 13 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Heptanal is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). n-Heptanal contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Aldehydes are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids(1-2). The oxidation is so facile that atmospheric oxygen will result in contamination with the corresponding carboxylic acid during storage(1). Transition metal salts catalyze n-heptanal's oxidation(2). The autooxidation may be thermally- or photochemically-initiated(3). The initial oxidation is a free radical chain reaction producing a peroxycarboxylic acid, which then reacts with another aldehyde molecule to yield two carboxylic acid molecules as a final product(1,3). The ease of oxidation of aldehydes is due, in part, to the high reactivity of the peroxy radicals formed in this reaction(3).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated in fish for n-heptanal(SRC), using a water solubility of 1,250 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of n-heptanal is estimated as 86(SRC), using a water solubility of 1250 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-heptanal is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for heptanal is 2.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-heptanal is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). n-Heptanal's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Heptanal is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.52 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: n-Heptanal was identified in drinking water(1). The source of the water was not reported. n-Heptanal was identified as an ozone disinfection by-product in drinking water samples from a pilot plant in Jefferson Parish, LA which uses Mississippi River as the raw water source; samples were collected following 4 rounds of ozonation treatment performed in January, 1994, August 1994, May 1995, and September 1996(2). n-Heptanal was detected when using ozone as a water treatment but was not detected when using ozone with bromide, chloramination, chloramination with bromide, chlorine dioxide, chlorine dioxide with bromide, chlorine, and chlorine with bromide treatments(3).

SURFACE WATER: n-Heptanal was detected in coastal surface water of the Gulf of Mexico at trace to 2 ng/L levels(1). The site was subject to anthropogenic influences. n-Heptanal was also found in seawater in Vinyard Sound, MA, 2.5-61 ng/L with a mean of 13 ng/L(2,3) and in coastal water off of Peru(4). At the former site, the levels rose from a few ng/L found year round to about 20 ng/L in winter as the chlorophyll A levels peaked(3). At the latter site, the concentration of n-heptanal declined markedly with depth(4). A cluster analysis suggests that sources and sinks of n-heptanal are complex(2). n-Heptanal was detected, but not quantified in the Glatt River, Switzerland(5).

GROUNDWATER: n-Heptanal concentrations in groundwater polluted by industrial contaminants near Barcelona, Spain ranged from not detected to 110 ng/L(1).

RAIN/SNOW: n-C6 to n-C10 aldehydes were found to be the most prominent volatiles in 2 samples of rainwater collected near Vineyard Sound, MA(1). /Aldehydes/

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, n-heptanal was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concentration in ppb): leather tanning (1; 32.3), petroleum refining (1; 0.3), nonferrous metals (2; 16.0), organics and plastics (1; 191.5), inorganic chemicals (1; 9.7), gum and wood industries (1; 3.6), explosives (1; 1007.1), oil and gas extraction (1; 37.3), synfuels (2; 197.7)(1). n-Heptanal was identified in combined industrial municipal sewage(2). n-Heptanal was measured in the emissions of burnt wood at 419, 77, and 626 mg/kg of pine, oak, and eucalyptus, respectively, in the gas phase(3). n-Heptanal was detected but not quantified in the emissions of building materials with microbial growth(4). n-Heptanal was emitted from three day old floor coverings at rates of 6 and 21 ug/sq-hr for oiled parquet and waxed parquet, respectively(5). The emission rates at 28 days old were 2 and 3 ug/sq m-hr for the same floor coverings(5). n-Heptanal was detected in 8 of 44 furniture emission samples(6).

n-Heptanal, measured in percent of total emissions, was; roadway (0.38%), bus parking garage hot soak (0.41%), bus parking garage cold start (0.24%), motorcycle emissions (0.14%), petroleum refinery, (0.08%), lead smelter (0.37%), and cast iron factory emissions (0.73%) samples from Cairo, Egypt(1). n-Heptanal was found in highway tunnels in Tuscarora; light duty trucks emitted 0.179 mg/km traveled or 2.633 mg/L fuel used, heavy duty trucks emitted 0.034 mg/km traveled or 0.106 mg/L fuel used(2). n-Heptanal was measured in the emissions of medium duty diesel trucks at a rate of 3200 ug/km in the gas phase(3). n-Heptanal was measured in the emissions of gasoline powered motor vehicles at a rate of 120 ug/km and 7300 ug/km for catalyst equipped engines and non-catalyst equipped engines(4).

A study of chemicals produced in the reaction of ozone and new carpets covering the floor of a 20 cu m stainless steel room, was conducted using 3 typical commercial/residential carpets, 2 of nylon and one of a olefinic/nylon fibers(1). In all cases, C7 aldehydes (isomers not identified), were present within 27 hours after ozone (50 ppb) was introduced into the chamber. They where absent before the ozone was introduced. The concentration of C7 aldehydes at this time was 1.4-3.2 ppb. It was suggested that aldehydes were produced by a reaction of a fiber component and ozone. Low concentrations of C7 aldehydes often persisted after ozone was eliminated indicating that the carpet had adsorbed some of the previously-produced aldehyde and was slowly releasing it. The ozone concentrations in the chamber, 28-44 ppb, may be present in indoor air during photochemical smog episodes(1). /C7 Aldehydes/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-HEPTANAL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3056; N-HEPTALDEHYDE

IMO 3.3; HEPTALDEHYDE

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid