2-Butoxyethanol

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (13 of 3076) of reports.

H302 (99.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (79.9%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (99.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (99.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (11.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (83.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3076 reports by companies from 31 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 13 of 3076 reports by companies.

There are 30 notifications provided by 3063 of 3076 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 12.7% (87 of 686) of reports.

H302 (12.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (11.1%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318 (38.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (37.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 686 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 87 of 686 reports by companies.

There are 8 notifications provided by 599 of 686 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Carbon dioxide or dry chemical for small fires; alcohol-type foam for large fires.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

/To fight fire use:/ Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. Keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: protective clothing, protective gloves and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in suitable combustion chamber. Waste disposal: By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material and disposing in secured sanitary landfill; By atomizing in suitable combustion chamber.

In simulated waste gas containing 1000 ppm ethylene butyl monobutyl ether was absorbed by spindle oil 88 containing calcium naphthanate, a nonionic surfactant, antioxidant, and a stabilizer.

Activated sludge decomposed organic solvents contained in absorbing liquid of waste gas from painting booths. Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was decomposed by acclimated sludge.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

n-Butoxy ethanol should be atomized into an incinerator, and combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Keep in the dark.

Separated from strong oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Cool. Keep in the dark

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Butoxyacetic acid (BAA) in urine (with hydrolysis) = 200 mg/g creatinine at end of shift.

2824.0 [ppm]

10.0 [ppm], sum of the concentrations of EGBE and its acetate in air[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

20 [ppm]

67 [ppm]

700 [ppm]

5 ppm (24 mg/m³)

TWA 5 ppm (24 mg/m3) [skin]

50.0 [ppm]

50 ppm (240 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (240 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

700 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

700.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been stated that humans would be able to tolerate saturated concentrations (i.e., about 1,000 ppm) for 1 hour without experiencing any significant nonreversible effects [Carpenter et al. 1956].

See: 111762

20.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 20 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

20 ppm as TWA; A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans); BEI issued.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the acid-base balance in the body, central nervous system and kidneys. This may result in metabolic acidosis and impaired functions.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. The substance may have effects on the blood and liver. This may result in impaired functions.

Residues of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Ethanol, 2 butoxy- is included on this list.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 2-Butoxyethanol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide: QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Air pack or organic canister respirator, rubber gloves; goggles; clothing to prevent body contact with liquid

Wear protective gloves adn clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ... Wear splash proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. ...

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 125 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether appears as a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor. Less dense than water. Flash point 160 °F. Irritates skin and eyes and may be toxic by ingestion. Used as a solvent and to make paints and varnish.

Large Crystals; CBI; Gas Vapor; Liquid; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid

Colorless liquid with a mild, ether-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a mild, ether-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Mild, ether-like odor

Slight, rancid odor

Weak, pleasant odor

Characteristic; quality: sweet, ester; hedonic tone: pleasant

340 °F at 743 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

168.4 °C

168.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

168.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-94 °F (NTP, 1992)

-74.8 °C

141 °F (NTP, 1992)

143 °F (62 °C) (Closed Cup)

60 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Soluble in ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in mineral oil, most organic solvents.

Mixes in all proportions with acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, n-heptane and water; miscible in all proportions with many ketones, ethers, alcohols, aromatic paraffin and halogenated hydrocarbons.

1000 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

0.902 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9015 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.90

0.9012 @ 20°C

4.07 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.1 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.1

0.76 mmHg at 68 °F ; 0.88 mmHg at 77 °F; 300 mmHg at 284 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.88 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 0.6 mm Hg at 20 °C (0.89 hPa); 3.7 hPa at 40 °C; Conversions: 1 mg/cu m = 0.204 ppm; 1 ppm = 4.90 mg/cu m

Vapor pressure: -31 °C at 1 Pa; -8 °C at 10 Pa; 20 °C at 100 Pa; 55 °C at 1 kPa; 103.2 °C at 10kPa; 170.2 °C at kPa

0.88 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.10

This chemical is sensitive to air and light. Slightly soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER may react with bases, aluminum and oxidizing materials. It is liable to form peroxides on exposure to air and light. It attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992).

Forms explosive mixture with air. ... Violent reaction with strong caustics adn strong oxidizers. Attacks some coatings, plastics and rubber. Attacks metallic aluminum at high temperatures.

Strong oxidizers, strong caustics.

Strong oxidizers, strong caustics

2-Butoxyethanol

B*: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

On the basis of the animal and clinical data included in this report, the Expert Panel concludes that Butoxyethanol is safe in hair and nail products at concentrations up to 10.0%. Note: In 2002, the CIR Expert Panel considered available new data on this ingredient and reaffirmed the above conclusion.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

2-Butoxyethanol is a high production volume glycol ether. It is a colorless liquid that is miscible in water and soluble in most organic solvents. 2-Butoxyethanol is used widely as a solvent in surface coatings, such as spray lacquers, quick dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, varnish removers and latex paint. Based on limited data, ambient exposures in air are generally in the ug/cu m range. Industrial exposure of the general population to this chemical is most likely from inhalation and dermal absorption during the use of products containing 2-butoxyethanol. Levels of airborne 2-butoxyethanol in occupational settings are typically in the mg/cu m range. The results of in vitro studies indicate that human red blood cells are not as sensitive to the hemolytic effects of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyacetic acid and also that red blood cells are more sensitive to hemolysis by 2-butoxyacetic acid than to hemolysis by 2-butoxyethanol. 2-Butoxyethanol is readily absorbed following inhalation, oral or dermal exposure. The chemical is metabolized via alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, with the formation of 2-butoxyacetaldehyde and 2-butoxyacetic acid, the principal metabolite, although other metabolic pathways have also been identified. This chemical has moderate acute toxicity and it is irritating to the eyes and skin; it is not a skin sensitizer. The principal effect exerted by 2-butoxyethanol and its metabolite 2-butoxyacetic acid is hematotoxicity, with the rat being the most sensitive species. In rats, adverse effects on the central nervous system, kidneys and liver occur at higher exposure concentrations than do the hemolytic effects. In animals, adverse effects on reproduction and development have not been observed at less than toxic doses. Although the results of in vitro tests for mutagenicity of 2-butoxyethanol were inconsistent, the absence of structural alerts and the negative findings from in vivo studies indicate that 2-butoxyethanol is not mutagenic.

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) (2-Butoxyethanol)

Hematologic

1 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

1.6 mg/m^3

WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: No reliable human epidemiological studies are available that address the potential carcinogenicity of EGBE. ... NTP /the National Toxicology Program/ reported no evidence of carcinogenic activity in male F344/N rats, and equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in female F344/N rats on the basis of increased combined incidences of benign and malignant pheochromocytoma (mainly benign) of the adrenal medulla. They also reported some evidence of carcinogenic activity in male B6C3F1 mice on the basis of increased incidences of hemangiosarcoma of the liver, and some evidence of carcinoma (mainly papilloma). ... because of the uncertain relevance of these tumor increases to humans, the fact that EGBE is generally negative in genotoxic tests and the lack of human data to support the findings in rodents, the human carcinogenic potential of EGBE, in accordance with the recently proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, cannot be determined at this time, but suggestive evidence exists from rodent studies. Under existing EPA guidelines, EGBE is judged to be a possible human carcinogen, Group C. There are currently no human epidemiological studies addressing the potential carcinogenicity of EGBE.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of 2-butoxyethanol. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2-butoxyethanol. Overall evaluation: 2-Butoxyethanol is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

2-Butoxyethanol

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 88: (2006) Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol

2-Butoxyethanol (Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether)

TR-484: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 2-Butoxyethanol (CASRN 111-76-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (2000 )

10/30/98

No Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Some Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year inhalation studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2-butoxyethanol in male F344/N rats exposed to 31.2, 62.5, or 125 ppm. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2-butoxyethanol in female F344/N rats based on the increased combined incidences of benign or malignant pheochromocytoma (mainly benign) of the adrenal medulla. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2-butoxyethanol in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hemangiosarcoma of the liver. A marginal increase in the incidences of forestomach squamous cell papilloma and an increase in the incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma may have been exposure related. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2-butoxyethanol in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of fore stomach squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma (mainly papilloma).

Increased incidences of forestomach neoplasms in male and female mice occurred in groups in which ulceration and hyperplasia were also present.

Exposure to 2-butoxyethanol caused a mild regenerative anemia and effects secondary to the anemia.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Weakness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; hemolysis, hematuria (blood in the urine); central nervous system depression, headache; vomiting

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, hematopoietic system, blood, kidneys, liver, lymphoid system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Hemolytic anemia - Decreased hemoglobin or number of red blood cells.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

ATSDR Final

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat)= 450 ppm/4hr;

...The minimum lethal oral dose /of ethylene glycol/ in humans is approximately 1,300 mg/kg, /which would be equivalent to approximately 100 mL for a 70 kg person/. /Ethylene glycol/

LC50; Species: Menidia beryllina (Inland silverside); Conditions: static; Concentration: 1250 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Crangon crangon (brown shrimp); Concentration: 800 mg/L for 48 hr (range: 600-1000 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Crangon crangon (brown shrimp); Concentration: 775 mg/L for 96 hr (range: 550-950 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Poecilia reticulata (Guppy); Concentration: 983 mg/L for 7 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

6.30e+03

8.20e+04

1.70e+03

7.00e+03

2.00e+03

7.00e+02

4.10e-01

1.00e-01

1.60e+00

Volatile

1.90e+04

2.50e+05

5.00e+03

2.10e+04

5.90e+03

Environmental effects of the substance have been adequately investigated, but no significant effects have been found.

Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether's production and use in hydraulic fluids, industrial solvents, vinyl and acrylic paints, household cleaners, and as a solvent in cosmetics may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as a product stabilizer in hydraulic fracturing fluids for gas well drilling and as an oil slick dispersant will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.88 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours. Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.60X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether reached 96% of its Theoretical BOD in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum. Therefore this compound has the potential to biodegrade rapidly in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. The estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 17 and 185 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food or contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound or consumer products containing this compound particularly during the use of paints/varnishes, cleaning solutions, or cosmetics. (SRC)

Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected, not quantified, in raw earth-almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.) collected in Valencia, Spain(1).

Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether's production and use in hydraulic fluids(1), as coupling agent for many water-based coatings(2), industrial solvents(3), vinyl and acrylic paints(4), household cleaners(2), and as a solvent in cosmetics(5) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as a product stabilizer in hydraulic fracturing fluids for gas well drilling(6,7) and as an oil slick dispersant(8) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.83(2), indicates that ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an Henry's Law constant of 1.60X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.88 mm Hg(4). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether reached 96% of its theoretical BOD in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum(5). Therefore this compound is expected to biodegrade rapidly in the soil environment.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.83(2), indicates that ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 17 and 185 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3, from its log Kow of 0.83(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Alcohols and ethers are generally resistant to hydrolysis(7). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether reached 96% of its Theoretical BOD in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum(8). Therefore this compound is expected to biodegrade rapidly in the aquatic environment.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 0.88 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.86X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: A number of aerobic biological screening studies, which utilized settled waste water, sewage, or activated sludge for inocula, indicate that ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether should biodegrade rapidly in the environment(1-4). Five and ten-day Theoretical BOD values were 73% (with acclimation)(1) and 74%(2). The maximum Theoretical BOD reported was 88% for 20 days(2).

AEROBIC: Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, present at 100 mg/L in an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L, achieved 96% Theoretical biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)and 96% total organic carbon (TOC) for biodegradation under a modified MITI test, OECD 301C, and was classified as readily biodegradable(1). Therefore this compound is expected to biodegrade rapidly. Biodegradation tests of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether with adapted domestic sewage (in fresh and salt water) or non-adapted domestic activated sludge under aerobic conditions show that 75% to 100% of the chemical was removed after 20 to 28 days(2). The Theoretical BODs for ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether after 5, 10, and 20 days have been determined to be 5, 57, and 72%(3). Biooxidation of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether using a 20 day BOD test and a 28 day OECD test resulted in 88 and 75% degradation(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.86X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Alcohols and ethers are generally resistant to hydrolysis(3). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4).Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

In a study of groundwater sampled from private wells in the vicinity of a natural gas drilling well in Pavillion, Wyoming ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was not analyzed. However, 2-butoxyethanol phosphate, which can be formed by the reaction of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether with naturally occurring phosphates, was detected in 9 of 17 wells at levels of 0.55-2.10 ug/L and was not a constituent in the EPA list of drilling fluid compounds(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC).

The Koc of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is estimated as 8(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether may volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 17 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 185 days(SRC). The Henry's law constant of ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.88 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected at a concentration of 23 ug/L in 1 of 7 groundwater samples collected near "The Valley of Drums", KY(1). A groundwater sample from an aquifer underlying a municipal landfill in Norman, OK contained ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether(2,3). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was qualitatively identified in ground water in Milan, Italy near a paint factory where several underground tanks of solvents were located(4). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected at 0.023 mg/L in one of seven groundwater samples at a heavily contaminated site(5).

DRINKING WATER: Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange Co, CA and Dallas, Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa, IA, and Seattle(1).

SURFACE WATER: In April 1980, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected in Hayashida River water (the Matsubara area in Tatsuno City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan) at concentration of 1310 and 5680 ppb(1). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was identified in the Rhine River at Lobith at a concentration of 0.036 ug/L(2). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was not detected in 60 water samples collected in Japan as part of an environmental monitoring program(3). However, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected from the heavily polluted Hayashida River in Japan. The range was 1.31 to 5.68 mg/L(4).

Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was identified in 1 and 4 neutral fractions of 33 industrial wastewater effluents at concentration of <10 and <100 ug/L, respectively(1). Because ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected in groundwater receiving municipal landfill leachate, it may be present in other landfill leachates(2,3). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected in the emissions of waste incineration plants at 0.23 ug/cu m(4).

Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected at an unspecified concentration in the wastewater effluent of a petrochemical company(1). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether has been detected in leachate collected in a sample of municipal landfills in the US(2). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether composed an estimated 0.86% of the total volatile organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere in the United Kingdom in the year 1990(3). Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was detected at 0.23 micrograms/cu m in emissions from a municipal waste incineration plant in Germany(4). The waste water effluent from a tire manufacturing plant ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was found at a level of 0.03 mg/L(5).

SEDIMENT: Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether was not detected in 20 sediments samples collected in Japan as part of an environmental monitoring program(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

n-Butoxy ethanol should be atomized into an incinerator, and combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2369; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether /former/

IMO 6.1; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether /former/

Delisted by UN as a dangerous good in 1994.[Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); Screening Information Data Set for 2-Butoxyethanol, CAS # 111-76-2 (1997). Available from, as of February 18, 2010. http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/111762.pdf]

Flammable Liquid

Airtight. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III