Dibutylamine

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301+H311 (20.4%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (24.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (75.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (53.4%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (46.6%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (53.3%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (36.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (53.1%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (46.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 676 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, water, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

USE WATER SPRAY, DRY CHEM, "ALCOHOL" FOAM, OR CARBON DIOXIDE. USE WATER SPRAY TO KEEP FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS COOL. IF LEAK OR SPILL HAS NOT IGNITED, USE WATER SPRAY TO DISPERSE VAPORS & TO PROTECT MEN ATTEMPTING TO STOP LEAK. WATER SPRAY MAY BE USED TO FLUSH SPILLS AWAY FROM EXPOSURES.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent or sand. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Store only in original container. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Separate from oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogens. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is peferred.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

173.0 [ppm]

1.1 [ppm]

5.0 [ppm]

9.6 [ppm]

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 5 ppm ceiling, skin.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Contact of the vapour with the eyes may cause visual disturbances. Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves (USCG, 1999)

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained apparatus.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with strong oxidizing agents. Above 47 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Di-n-butylamine appears as a yellow-colored liquid with a amine-like odor. Denser than water. Very corrosive, may burn skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Flash point 125 °F. Combustible. Produce toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless

AMMONIA-LIKE ODOR

318 to 320 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

159-160 °C

159.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-76 to -74 °F (NTP, 1992)

-60 to -59 °C

-61.9 °C

125 °F (NTP, 1992)

57 °C (open cup)

51.6 °C (open cup)

Soluble (NTP, 1992)

Sol in alcohol

Very sol in ether and ethanol; sol in acetone

3500 mg/l in water @ 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.35 (slightly soluble)

0.759 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7601 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Density (at 20 °C): 0.76 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.01

0.7613 @ 20°C

4.46 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.5

0 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

2.59 [mmHg]

2.59 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.27

2.59 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= 2.83

Henry's Law constant= 8.90X10-5 atm cu-m/mol @ 25 °C /neutral species/

When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

Products of decomposition include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, & oxides of nitrogen as well as amine vapors.

Odor Threshold Low: 0.04 [ppm]

Odor Threshold High: 1.1 [ppm]

Odor recognition in air= 2.7X10+1 ppm /Chemically pure/

Odor Low= 0.4232 mg/cu m; Odor High= 2.5392 mg/cu m

Index of refraction: 1.4177 @ 20 °C/D

Flammable. Soluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

DI-N-BUTYLAMINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

... CAN REACT WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS.

Exothermic reaction with cellulose nitrate does not proceed to ignition.

Reacts with acids, oxidizing materials, chlorine, hypochlorite, halogenated compounds, & reactive organic compounds. Products of decomposition include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, & oxides of nitrogen as well as amine vapors.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LCLo (rat) = 500 ppm/4h

LD50 Rat oral 220 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 290 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 1010 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 230 mg/kg

Nitrite ... is used as a food additive in meats and smoked fish. Some fish, vegetables, and fruit juices contain secondary amines. The acidic environment of the stomach facilitates a chemical reaction between nitrite and secondary amines, leading to the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. /Secondary amines/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/amines and related cmpds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconsious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/amines and related cmpds/

Corrosive. Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful in inhaled. Irritating to skin, eyes, & respiratory system. Vapors cause irritation of eyes with severe tearing, conjunctivitis, & corneal edema. Inhalation may cause difficulties ranging from coughing & nausea to pulmonary edema.

RATED 9 ON RABBIT EYES. ... TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS & ... RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY OBSERVED AFTER 24 HR, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES ... RATED 10.

DIBUTYL AMINE IN ETHANOL (1% IN FINAL) @ 4 MG/ML (1X10-4 MOLAR) SHOWED CHROMATID GAPS, CHROMATID OR CHROMOSOMAL BREAKS, TRANSLOCATION IN 6% OF /CHINESE HAMESTER/ CELLS.

IN A GROWTH INHIBITION TEST WITH BACILLUS SUBTILIS STRAINS HLL3G & HJ-15, EVIDENCE WAS TAKEN AS A POSITIVE INDICATION OF EXCISION &/OR RECOMBINATION REPAIR-DEPENDENT DNA DAMAGE PRODUCED BY DI-N-BUTYLAMINE.

Dibutylamine was tested for mutagenicity using the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay using the standard protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. Dibutylamine was tested at doses of 0.10, 0.33, 1.0, 3.3, and 10 mg/plate in as many as 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of rat or hamster liver S-9. Dibutylamine was negative in these tests and the highest ineffective dose tested in any Salmonella typhimurium strain was 10.000 mg/plate.

Acute inhalation toxicity was evaluated in groups of 5 male and 5 female Sprague-Dawley albino rats exposed to dibutylamine at actual concentrations of 0.76, 1.08, 1.18, 1.39 or 3.91 mg/l of air for 4 hours. Mortality was observed in 2 animals in the 0.76 mg/l dose group, 4 in the 1.18 mg/l dose group, and all 10 in both the 1.39 and 3.91 mg/l dose groups. The LC50 value was calculated to be 1.15 mg/l (standard error of 0.095 mg/l) by the log probit method of Miller and Tainter. Clinical observations included excessive salivation, lacrimation, gasping, convulsions, abnormal breathing, ataxia, lethargy, rales, and staining of the urogenital area. Gross necropsy revealed lung congestion in decedents.

The inhibition of nonspecific esterase activity, and/or inhibition of aromatic amino acid esterase activity, and/or potential effects on specific cellular functions (phagocytosis, immunoglobin G synthesis, and inflammatory and immune mediator release) were evaluated with organic chemicals added to human peripheral blood monocytes. Di-n-butylamine stimulated monocyte alpha- naphthyl acetate esterase activity by 104% at a concentration of 1 mM, and 116% at 0.25 mM and stimulated monocyte aromatic amino acid esterase activity by 103% at 250 uM. Only the low-dose value for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stimulation was considered to be statistically significant.

The dermal sensitization potential of di-n-butylamine (CAS # 111-92-2) was evaluated in 10 CF1(BR) mice inducted with 3 daily 0.1 ml topical applications of a 0.1% (v/v in ethanol) test solution to clipped abdomens. A group of 10 mice likewise inducted over 3 days with 0.1 ml dermal applications of 0.5% (w/v) DNCB served as the positive control. Challenge and rechallenge were administered 7 and 14 days later in .01 ml dermal applications of a 25% (v/v) solution to both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the left and right ears respectively of inducted test mice. The thickness of treated left ears relative to that of solvent control (ethanol) right ears indicated the degree of sensitization. One animal challenged with di-n-butylamine exhibited a positive sensitization response (20% increase in ear thickness over control) at 48-hour evaluation only. None of either test or irritation control groups had responded to challenge by the 24-hour evaluation and none responded to rechallenge. Conversely, 60% and 50% positive response in the DCNB-inducted and challenged groups at 24-hour and 48-hour evaluations, respectively, confirmed the validity of the test system.

The clastogenic potential of di-n-butylamine (CAS # 111-92-2) was evaluated by incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of Harlan Sprague-Dawley ICR mice (20/sex/group) administered single oral gavage doses at 55, 110, or 220 mg/kg bodyweight. Mortality occurred among high-dose males (3/20) and females (1/20), and lethargy was observed in both males and females of all treatment groups. While treated mice exhibited slight reductions in polychromatic erythrocytes to erythrocyte ratios (up to 19%) relative to vehicle control (corn oil) animals, there was no significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at 24, 48 or 72-hour post-treatment examination in either male or female treated mice when compared to controls.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Dibutylamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate for emulsifiers, rubber accelerators, dyes, insecticides, floatation agents, corrosion inhibitor and polymerization inhibitor for butadiene may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dibutylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibutylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours. If released to soil, dibutylamine is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 825. The pKa of dibutylamine is 11.39, indicating that this compound will exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize. Dibutylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, dibutylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. In a screening study, dibutylamine completely degraded within 14 days at 10 ppm with both an activated sludge and freshwater sediment inoculum. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since this compound is expected to exist in the protonated form at environmental pH. An estimated BCF of 30 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to dibutylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibutylamine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to dibutylamine via ingestion of food. (SRC)

There is some indication that dibutylamine may occur naturally in some soils(1) and food items(2). Amines are produced by microbial processes in decaying organic matter and dibutylamine's emission from sewage treatment plants(3) suggests that it may also be a product of microbial metabolism(SRC).

Dibutylamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate for emulsifiers, rubber accelerators, dyes, insecticides, floatation agents, corrosion inhibitor and polymerization inhibitor for butadiene(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 825(SRC) for the unprotonated form from a log Kow of 2.83(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that dibutylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 11.39(4) indicates that the protonated form of dibutylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb strongly to soils. Volatilization of dibutylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since the cation is not expected to volatilize. The potential for volatilization of dibutylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). 94-97% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for dibutylamine using an activated sludge inoculum during a 4 week incubation period(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 825(SRC) from a log Kow of 2.83(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that dibutylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). A pKa value of 11.39(4) indicates that the protonated form of dibutylamine will be the predominant species in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form will not volatilize at environmental pH. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 30(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). In a screening study, dibutylamine completely degraded within 14 days at 10 ppm with both an activated sludge and freshwater sediment inoculum(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibutylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibutylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), from its rate constant of 8.98X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dibutylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

In a screening study, dibutylamine completely degraded within 14 days at 10 ppm with both an activated sludge and freshwater sediment inoculum(1). BOD values obtained during this time period indicated that mineralization was essentially complete(1). River mud bacteria and activated sludge were inhibited by 50 and 100 ppm dibutylamine, respectively(1). In another study that utilized 100 ppm of dibutylamine and an activated sludge inoculum, no oxygen consumption was observed until about three days when the BOD increased sharply to about 30% of theoretical biological oxygen demand(2). Another screening test resulted in >90% degradation in 9 days including a 4 day lag period(3). While low concns of the free diamine were degraded in 10 hours by acclimated mixed cultures, only 25% of the dibutylamine adsorbed on bentonite clay was degraded in this time(5). The sorbed diamine degraded in 2 days(5). The rate of degradation of the sorbed molecule does not depend on its desorption rate, but rather may be due to restricted access by microorganisms(5). Under anaerobic conditions with high nitrate loads (denitrification conditions), dibutylamine shows little tendency to form nitrosamines(4). 94-97% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for dibutylamine using an activated sludge during a 4 week incubation period(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dibutylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.98X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Dibutylamine will exist predominantly in the protonated form in the environment based on a pKa value of 11.39(2). Dibutylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 30 was calculated for dibutylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of dibutylamine was estimated as 825(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dibutylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dibutylamine is 11.73(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cations are expected to adsorb strongly to soil surfaces.

With a pKa of 11.31(1), dibutylamine will exist predominantly in its protonated form in the environment and the protonated form of dibutylamine is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces at environmental pH(2). Dibutylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on its vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

SURFACE WATER: Dibutylamine was not detected in 8 rivers in Germany(1).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, dibutylamine was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence, median concn in ppb): iron and steel mfg (4; 170.4), plastics and synthetics (1; 89.1), electronics (1; 6723.3)(1). Dibutylamine was reported to be released from effluent of sewage treatment plants(2).

Dibutylamine was identified, not quantified, in uncultivated loamy soil from the Moscow region(1). Since this soil is uncultivated, it is possible that the amines are formed naturally rather than resulting from contamination or as a metabolite of a fertilizer or a pesticide(1).

... Amines from decomposing fish have been suspected as a cause of keratitis. ... /Amines/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Dibutylamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate for emulsifiers, rubber accelerators, dyes, insecticides, floatation agents, corrosion inhibitor and polymerization inhibitor for butadiene may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dibutylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibutylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours. If released to soil, dibutylamine is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 825. The pKa of dibutylamine is 11.39, indicating that this compound will exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize. Dibutylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, dibutylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. In a screening study, dibutylamine completely degraded within 14 days at 10 ppm with both an activated sludge and freshwater sediment inoculum. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since this compound is expected to exist in the protonated form at environmental pH. An estimated BCF of 30 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to dibutylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibutylamine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to dibutylamine via ingestion of food. (SRC)

There is some indication that dibutylamine may occur naturally in some soils(1) and food items(2). Amines are produced by microbial processes in decaying organic matter and dibutylamine's emission from sewage treatment plants(3) suggests that it may also be a product of microbial metabolism(SRC).

Dibutylamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate for emulsifiers, rubber accelerators, dyes, insecticides, floatation agents, corrosion inhibitor and polymerization inhibitor for butadiene(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 825(SRC) for the unprotonated form from a log Kow of 2.83(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that dibutylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 11.39(4) indicates that the protonated form of dibutylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb strongly to soils. Volatilization of dibutylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since the cation is not expected to volatilize. The potential for volatilization of dibutylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). 94-97% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for dibutylamine using an activated sludge inoculum during a 4 week incubation period(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 825(SRC) from a log Kow of 2.83(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that dibutylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). A pKa value of 11.39(4) indicates that the protonated form of dibutylamine will be the predominant species in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form will not volatilize at environmental pH. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 30(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). In a screening study, dibutylamine completely degraded within 14 days at 10 ppm with both an activated sludge and freshwater sediment inoculum(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibutylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibutylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), from its rate constant of 8.98X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dibutylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

In a screening study, dibutylamine completely degraded within 14 days at 10 ppm with both an activated sludge and freshwater sediment inoculum(1). BOD values obtained during this time period indicated that mineralization was essentially complete(1). River mud bacteria and activated sludge were inhibited by 50 and 100 ppm dibutylamine, respectively(1). In another study that utilized 100 ppm of dibutylamine and an activated sludge inoculum, no oxygen consumption was observed until about three days when the BOD increased sharply to about 30% of theoretical biological oxygen demand(2). Another screening test resulted in >90% degradation in 9 days including a 4 day lag period(3). While low concns of the free diamine were degraded in 10 hours by acclimated mixed cultures, only 25% of the dibutylamine adsorbed on bentonite clay was degraded in this time(5). The sorbed diamine degraded in 2 days(5). The rate of degradation of the sorbed molecule does not depend on its desorption rate, but rather may be due to restricted access by microorganisms(5). Under anaerobic conditions with high nitrate loads (denitrification conditions), dibutylamine shows little tendency to form nitrosamines(4). 94-97% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for dibutylamine using an activated sludge during a 4 week incubation period(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dibutylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.98X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Dibutylamine will exist predominantly in the protonated form in the environment based on a pKa value of 11.39(2). Dibutylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 30 was calculated for dibutylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of dibutylamine was estimated as 825(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dibutylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dibutylamine is 11.73(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cations are expected to adsorb strongly to soil surfaces.

With a pKa of 11.31(1), dibutylamine will exist predominantly in its protonated form in the environment and the protonated form of dibutylamine is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces at environmental pH(2). Dibutylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on its vapor pressure of 2.59 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

SURFACE WATER: Dibutylamine was not detected in 8 rivers in Germany(1).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, dibutylamine was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence, median concn in ppb): iron and steel mfg (4; 170.4), plastics and synthetics (1; 89.1), electronics (1; 6723.3)(1). Dibutylamine was reported to be released from effluent of sewage treatment plants(2).

Dibutylamine was identified, not quantified, in uncultivated loamy soil from the Moscow region(1). Since this soil is uncultivated, it is possible that the amines are formed naturally rather than resulting from contamination or as a metabolite of a fertilizer or a pesticide(1).

... Amines from decomposing fish have been suspected as a cause of keratitis. ... /Amines/

Dibutylamine was detected in pepperoni at a concn of 3.4 ppm(1). An average dibutylamine concn of 10 ppb was found in 3 samples of cod roe; however, it was not detected in samples of fish sausage, baked ham, spinach, or miso(2).

Thirteen of fourteen lots of pacifier nipples that were subject to a single artificial-saliva extraction contained extractable dibutylamine ranging from 9-3840 ppb, median 267 ppb(1). Dibutylamine has been identified in Latakia tobacco leaf(2), but not in another tobacco or in cigarette smoke(3). The presence of a large number of amines in tobacco is a function of the curing process, rather than the leaf(2).

... By ingestion and inhalation.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 15,140 workers (3,347 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dibutylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dibutylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibutylamine is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to dibutylamine via ingestion of food(SRC).

Dibutylamine was found in the expired air of 6.5% of a sample of 54 carefully selected normal, healthy, nonsmoking adults who resided in urban areas(1). The geometric mean concn level was 0.218 ng/l(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIBUTYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2248; Di(n-butyl)amine

IMO 8.2; Di(n-butyl)amine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II