1-Dodecanethiol

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1% (11 of 1091) of reports.

H302 (10.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (10.4%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (44.3%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (26.7%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (66.7%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (53.3%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (25.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (10.4%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334 (16.2%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H335 (25.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (33.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (46.2%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1091 reports by companies from 36 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 11 of 1091 reports by companies.

There are 35 notifications provided by 1080 of 1091 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water or foam may cause frothing.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide.

Dry chem, or carbon dioxide. Water or foam may cause frothing. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Carefully collect remainder.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Carefully collect remainder. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Ventilation control: adequate ventilation is of particular concern for hazardous materials that have high vapor pressure (such as...mercaptans). /mercaptans/

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-DODECANETHIOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect it from moisture. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants.

0.30 [ppm]

0.50 [ppm]

3.0 [ppm]

0.5 ppm (4.1 mg/m³) [15 minutes]

C 0.5 ppm (4.1 mg/m3) [15-minute]

See: IDLH INDEX

0.1 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm; sensitization.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

0.1 ppm as TWA; (SEN)

0.1 ppm [2001]

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1-Dodecanethiol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide: EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (NIOSH, 2024)

Respirator when mist is present; rubber or vinyl gloves; chem goggles; rubber shoes and apron.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1-DODECANETHIOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 5 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

Up to 12.5 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)

Up to 25 ppm:

(APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister

(APF = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

Lauryl mercaptan is an oily colorless liquid with a mild skunk odor. Freezing point 19 °F. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless, water-white, or pale-yellow, oily liquid with a mild, skunk-like odor; Note: A solid below 15 degrees F; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-PALE YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Clear colourless to yellow liquid; Mild skunk-like odour

Colorless, water-white, or pale-yellow, oily liquid with a mild, skunk-like odor.

Colorless, water-white, or pale-yellow, oily liquid with a mild, skunk-like odor. [Note: A solid below 15 °F.]

Colorless, water-white, or pale-yellow, oily liquid [Note: A solid below 15 degrees F].

MILD CHARACTERISTIC

Mild, skunk-like odor.

511 to 541 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

260-268 mm Hg at 760 mm Hg

BP: 142-145 °C @ 15 MM HG

266-285 °C

142-143 °C (16 mm Hg)

441-478 °F

19 °F (NTP, 1992)

-7 - -9 °C

190 °F (NTP, 1992)

262 °F (128 °C) (Open cup)

88 °C o.c.

190 °F (open cup)

(oc) 190 °F

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Insol in water; sol in ethanol, ether, chloroform

SOL IN METHANOL, ACETONE, BENZENE

Sol in gasoline, ethyl acetate

Solubility in water: none

Practically insoluble or insoluble in water

Soluble (in ethanol)

Insoluble

0.85 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8435 at 20 °C/20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.85

0.842-0.852 (20 °C)

0.8450 @ 20°C

greater than 1 (estimated) (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 7.0

less than 1 mmHg (estimated) (NTP, 1992)

0.00853 [mmHg]

0.00853 mm Hg @ 20 °C

Air and moisture sensitive. Insoluble in water. Reacts vigorously with water or steam.

Sulfides, Organic

Water-Reactive

LAURYL MERCAPTAN is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents and alkali metals. Easily oxidized to disulfide. (NTP, 1992)

...They will react with water, steam, or acids to produce toxic...vapors... /Mercaptans/

Strong oxidizers and acids, strong bases, reducing agents, alkali metals, water, steam.

Strong oxidizers & acids, strong bases, reducing agents, alkali metals, water, steam

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Headache. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough; dizziness, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), confusion, cyanosis; abdominal pain, nausea; skin sensitization

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

LD50 Mouse oral 4225 mg/kg.

LD50 Mouse oralintravenous 316 mg/kg.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m1/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Liquid is irritating to...mucous membranes. Ingestion may cause nausea. Repeated skin exposure can cause dermatitis... Irritating concentration of vapor unlikely, but mist can cause irritation of...upper respiratory tract. If spilled on clothing and allowed to remain, may cause smarting and reddening of the skin.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion /may cause/... vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Repeated or prolonged contact /with/ 1-Dodecanethiol may cause skin sensitization.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation /may cause/ cough, headache, nausea, and sore throat.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ...Workers exposed to mixt /including 1-dodecanethiol/...with polychloroprene latexes have shown a significant increase in frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No irritation of abraded or non-abraded skin was seen in rabbits following 24 hr occluded contact.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application of 3 mg to mouse skin three times during a period of five days caused epidermal hyperplasia and elongation of hair follicles but no effect on sebaceous glands.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Induction by the intradermal route and cutaneous application to guinea pigs has demonstrated the potential for allergic responses. However, a ... sensitization test in guinea pigs gave negative results.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Instillation of the undiluted material into rabbit eyes severely irritated the conjunctiva and the iris. The rabbits had not recovered from the iridial changes within 7 days. Removal of the material after 1 min or 10 sec did not moderate the responses. The material should be regarded as potentially corrosive.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-DODECANETHIOL (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Teratogenicity was evaluated in pregnant female Charles River CD-1 mice (25/group) exposed by inhalation to n-dodecyl mercaptan at concentrations of 0 and 7.4 ppm for 6 hrs/day on gestation days (GD) 6-16. Cesarean sections were performed on all surviving mice on GD 17. Significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: maternal mortality (19 mice died on GD 13-16, one was sacrificed in extremis on GD 16, remaining mice, which exhibited signs of extreme toxicity, were sacrificed on GD 15-16), necropsy observations (including black discoloration of the intestines, colored fluid in the stomach or intestines, and absence of stomach contents), and incidence of whole litter resorptions (7 of 20 gravid females). Since no treated animals survived to the end of the study, no comparisons between treated and control animals can be made with respect to: maternal body weight and weight gain (weight loss was observed in treated animals), GD 17 Cesarean observations, and fetal morphological examination (since the fetuses were obtained prematurely, the skeletons were partially- or non-ossified).

Teratogenicity was evaluated in pregnant female Charles River COBS CD rats (25/group) exposed by inhalation to n-dodecyl mercaptan at concentrations of 0 and 7.4 ppm for 6 hrs/day on gestation days (GD) 6-19. Cesarean sections were performed on all surviving mice on GD 20. Significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: increased incidence of hair loss, reddened conjunctivae, dry brown or black material around the nose, dry, peeling skin, thinness, and a pronounced reduction in maternal body weight gain. No significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: necropsy examination, mean number of viable fetuses, postimplantation loss, total implantations, corpora lutea, fetal body weight, fetal sex ratio, fetal malformations, and genetic and developmental variations.

1-Dodecanethiol's production and use in pharmaceuticals, insecticides, nonionic detergents, synthetic rubber processing, and as a froth flotation agent for metal refining may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-dodecanethiol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-dodecanethiol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours. 1-Dodecanethiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-dodecanethiol is expected to be immobile based upon an estimated Koc of 1.1X10+4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 1-dodecanethiol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 6 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 77 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 360 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-dodecanethiol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-dodecanethiol is produced or used. The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure to 1-dodecanethiol is expected at the packing station at the manufacturing site and to a lesser extent during activities at the consumer site. (SRC)

1-Dodecanethiol's production and use in pharmaceuticals, insecticides, nonionic detergents, synthetic rubber processing, and as a froth flotation agent for metal refining(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-dodecanethiol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Dodecanethiol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 77 days if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 360(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.2(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate (SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-dodecanethiol, which has a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-dodecanethiol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 1-Dodecanethiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-dodecanethiol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A half-life of 100 days was reported for 1-dodecanethiol reaction with ozone(2). 1-Dodecanethiol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). 1-Dodecanethiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 360 was calculated for 1-dodecanethiol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-dodecanethiol can be estimated to be 1.1X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-dodecanethiol is estimated as 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 77 days if adsorption is considered(3). 1-Dodecanethiol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC); however, the compound is reported as having extremely low volatility(4). 1-Dodecanethiol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg(5).

GROUNDWATER: 1-Dodecanethiol was detected, not quantified in unspecified US groundwater samples(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Dodecanthiol was detected, not quantified in Lake Ontario(1).

SEDIMENT: 1-Dodecanethiol was detected from sites adjacent to the 102nd St. Dump site, Bloody Run Creek, and Gill Creek hazardous waste disposal areas in Niagara Falls, NY at concentrations of 3 ppm, not detected (detection limit = 0.5 ppm in sediment), and not detected, respectively, sampled in June and November, 1979(1). The dumps are in the vicinity of Love Canal(1).

Chronic exposure, such as that in the shoe manufacturing industry, has resulted in skin irritation and sensitization.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 92,230 workers (17,777 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-dodecanethiol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-dodecanethiol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-dodecanethiol is produced or used(SRC). The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure to 1-dodecanethiol is expected at the packing station at the manufacturing site and to a lesser extent during activities at the consumer site(SRC).

1-Dodecanethiol's production and use in pharmaceuticals, insecticides, nonionic detergents, synthetic rubber processing, and as a froth flotation agent for metal refining may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-dodecanethiol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-dodecanethiol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours. 1-Dodecanethiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-dodecanethiol is expected to be immobile based upon an estimated Koc of 1.1X10+4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 1-dodecanethiol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 6 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 77 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 360 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-dodecanethiol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-dodecanethiol is produced or used. The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure to 1-dodecanethiol is expected at the packing station at the manufacturing site and to a lesser extent during activities at the consumer site. (SRC)

1-Dodecanethiol's production and use in pharmaceuticals, insecticides, nonionic detergents, synthetic rubber processing, and as a froth flotation agent for metal refining(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-dodecanethiol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Dodecanethiol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 77 days if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 360(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.2(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate (SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-dodecanethiol, which has a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-dodecanethiol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 1-Dodecanethiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-dodecanethiol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A half-life of 100 days was reported for 1-dodecanethiol reaction with ozone(2). 1-Dodecanethiol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). 1-Dodecanethiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 360 was calculated for 1-dodecanethiol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-dodecanethiol can be estimated to be 1.1X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-dodecanethiol is estimated as 5.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-dodecanethiol is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 77 days if adsorption is considered(3). 1-Dodecanethiol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC); however, the compound is reported as having extremely low volatility(4). 1-Dodecanethiol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.53X10-3 mm Hg(5).

GROUNDWATER: 1-Dodecanethiol was detected, not quantified in unspecified US groundwater samples(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Dodecanthiol was detected, not quantified in Lake Ontario(1).

SEDIMENT: 1-Dodecanethiol was detected from sites adjacent to the 102nd St. Dump site, Bloody Run Creek, and Gill Creek hazardous waste disposal areas in Niagara Falls, NY at concentrations of 3 ppm, not detected (detection limit = 0.5 ppm in sediment), and not detected, respectively, sampled in June and November, 1979(1). The dumps are in the vicinity of Love Canal(1).

Chronic exposure, such as that in the shoe manufacturing industry, has resulted in skin irritation and sensitization.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 92,230 workers (17,777 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-dodecanethiol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-dodecanethiol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-dodecanethiol is produced or used(SRC). The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure to 1-dodecanethiol is expected at the packing station at the manufacturing site and to a lesser extent during activities at the consumer site(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.