Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P301+P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/THIOCYANATES/...ARE...SOMEWHAT VOLATILE AND SHOULD ALWAYS BE USED WITH GOOD VENTILATION. /THIOCYANATES/

Technical grade: Yellow oily liquid; Contains up to 18% other terpenes; [Merck Index] Yellow, reddish-yellow, or amber liquid; [HSDB]

CLEAR, AMBER LIQUID

Yellow, oily liquid

REDDISH-YELLOW OILY LIQUID /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/

Terpene-like odor

95 °C @ 0.06 mm Hg

82 °C ; 180 °F /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/

Very soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether; practically insoluble in water.

1.1465 @ 25 °C/4 °C

0.000025 [mmHg]

0.06 MM HG @ 95 °C

IT IS STABLE UNDER NORMAL STORAGE CONDITIONS.

When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx /nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides/.

SOMEWHAT CORROSIVE TO GALVANIZED IRON

Index of refraction = 1.512 @ 25 °C/D

Stable under normal storage conditions.

Pesticides -> Other Insecticides

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Chemical: THANITE

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

LD50: 1000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T18)

LD50: 6880 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (T18)

LD50: 140 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)

LD50 Rat oral 1000 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 722 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal 6880 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 550 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 140 mg/kg

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

THANITE SHOWED SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY WITH ORGANOCHLORINE, CARBAMATE & PHOSPHORODITHIOATE INSECTICIDES.

INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ISOBORNYL THIOCYANOACETATE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY POTENTIATED BY OCTACHLORODIPROPYL ETHER, BUT NOT BY PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE OR PYRETHROIDS.

Poisoning associated with ingestion is due in part to release of the cyanide ion; therefore, a moderate level of treatment appropriate for cyanide should be used. However, the thiocyanate molecule itself is toxic; therefore diuresis and perhaps dialysis should be used to promote its excretion.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. INGESTION OF CONCN SOLN MAY LEAD TO VOMITING BECAUSE OF MUCOSAL IRRITATION. 2. PRINCIPAL SYSTEMIC REACTION IS PROBABLY...CENTRAL NERVOUS DEPRESSION, INTERRUPTED BY PERIODS OF RESTLESSNESS, HYPERPNEA, & TONIC CONVULSIONS. 3. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF KEROSENE POISONING ARE OFTEN DOMINANT AFTER EXPOSURES TO DILUTE SOLN OF THIOCYANATE INSECTICIDES. 4. IN ABSENCE OF ASPIRATION, DEATH IS USUALLY DUE TO RESPIRATORY ARREST FROM PARALYSIS OF THE MEDULLARY CENTERS. 5. MASSIVE SKIN CONTAMINATION WITH...SOLN MAY PRODUCE SYSTEMIC POISONING AS DESCRIBED ABOVE & IN ADDITION LOCAL IRRITATION & DERMATITIS. 6. IN NONFATAL CASES EVIDENCE OF INJURIES TO LIVER & KIDNEYS MAY APPEAR. /ALIPHATIC THIOCYANATES/

PRIMARY IRRITANT ON HUMAN SKIN IN HIGHER CONCN; SAFE AT LOWER DILUTIONS.

The fatal case of poisoning ... involved a 56-yr-old man who accidently ingested the compound, which he mistook for paregoric. The dosage could not be determined. The illness, characterized by shock and unconsciousness, led to death in 8 hr. Treatment was entirely symptomatic. Autopsy findings included mucosal erosion of the esophagus, hyperemia of the stomach and intestines, pulmonary edema, bilateral pleural effusion, and ascites.

... Volunteers entered a chamber where they were exposed to a dense fog of a 5% solution of the technical material in refined kerosene. No more than 10 persons were in the chamber at once. Analysis showed the concentration in the chamber to be 60 mg/cu m. ... The only untoward effects mentioned were irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes. ... It was concluded that the exposures were safe, even though they were more intense than would reasonably be expected in spray application ... .

...UNDILUTED APPLICATIONS TO SKIN OF RATS WAS NON-LETHAL BUT IT IS SLIGHTLY IRRITATING TO SKIN...

TREATMENT OF PONDS WITH THANITE (1-4 MUL/L) SEDATED MOST SCALEFISH EXCEPT CARP SO THAT THEY WERE RELATIVELY EASY TO COLLECT. MOST FISH COLLECTED WITHIN 1.5 HR AFTER TREATMENT SURVIVED, BUT SURVIVAL RATES DECREASED WITH TIME OF EXPOSURE.

Signs of acute oral toxicity in mallards and pheasants are: polydipsia, regurgitation, ataxia, goose-stepping ataxia, jerkiness, reluctance to rise and move, falling, unkemptness, using wings to aid pedestrian locomotion, emaciation, and asthenia. Signs appeared 1 day after treatment in mallards and 7 days after treatment in pheasants. No mortalities occurred. Remission took up to 20 days.

In spite of its low acute toxicity, this compound produces, after a few hours of delay, typical cyanide effects including restlessness, dyspnea, cyanosis, tonic convulsions, profound depression, and death.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ISOBORNYL THIOCYANOACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Mallard, male, 12 mo old, oral, more than 2000 mg/kg

LD50 Pheasant, male, 3 mo old, oral, more than 2,000 mg/kg

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus, mature, 740 ug/L/96 hr @ 15 °C (95% confidence limit 451-1,214 ug/L) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Cutthroat trout, wt 0.3 G, 160 ug/L/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 142-180 ug/L), tested in hard water, 162 ppm CaCO3 Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Lake trout, wt 0.3 G, 109 ug/L/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 90-132 ug/L) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate's production and former use as a contact insecticide and knockdown agent resulted in its direct release to the environment. The compound was banned by EPA in 1992. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isobornyl thiocyanoacetate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 hours. Particulate-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 630. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in pond water and soil (from Warm Springs, GA) within 28 days after treatment with the pesticide. BCF values of 0.39 and 0.73 for largemouth bass and carp, respectively, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant was estimated as 1.8 L/mole-sec; this corresponds to half-lives of 45 days and 5 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to isobornyl thiocyanoacetate may have occured through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobornyl thiocyanoacetate was produced or used. (SRC)

Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate's production and former(2) use as a contact insecticide and knockdown agent(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) determined using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in soil from Warm Springs, GA within 28 days after treatment with 3.6, 1.2 and 0.4 mg/l of the pesticide(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 0.39 and 0.73(6) for largemouth bass and carp, respectively, suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.77 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(7); this corresponds to half-lives of 45 days and 5 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7). Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in pond water (Warm Springs, GA) within 28 days after treatment with 3.6, 1.2 and 0.4 mg/l of the pesticide(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobornyl thiocyanoacetate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.50X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.96X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in pond water and soil from Warm Springs, GA within 28 days after treatment with 3.6, 1.2 and 0.4 mg/l of the pesticide(1).

LD50 Mallard, male, 12 mo old, oral, more than 2000 mg/kg

LD50 Pheasant, male, 3 mo old, oral, more than 2,000 mg/kg

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus, mature, 740 ug/L/96 hr @ 15 °C (95% confidence limit 451-1,214 ug/L) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Cutthroat trout, wt 0.3 G, 160 ug/L/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 142-180 ug/L), tested in hard water, 162 ppm CaCO3 Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Lake trout, wt 0.3 G, 109 ug/L/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 90-132 ug/L) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate's production and former use as a contact insecticide and knockdown agent resulted in its direct release to the environment. The compound was banned by EPA in 1992. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isobornyl thiocyanoacetate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 hours. Particulate-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 630. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in pond water and soil (from Warm Springs, GA) within 28 days after treatment with the pesticide. BCF values of 0.39 and 0.73 for largemouth bass and carp, respectively, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant was estimated as 1.8 L/mole-sec; this corresponds to half-lives of 45 days and 5 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to isobornyl thiocyanoacetate may have occured through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobornyl thiocyanoacetate was produced or used. (SRC)

Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate's production and former(2) use as a contact insecticide and knockdown agent(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) determined using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in soil from Warm Springs, GA within 28 days after treatment with 3.6, 1.2 and 0.4 mg/l of the pesticide(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 0.39 and 0.73(6) for largemouth bass and carp, respectively, suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.77 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(7); this corresponds to half-lives of 45 days and 5 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7). Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in pond water (Warm Springs, GA) within 28 days after treatment with 3.6, 1.2 and 0.4 mg/l of the pesticide(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobornyl thiocyanoacetate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.50X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.96X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase isobornyl thiocyanoacetate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate declined to undetectable levels in pond water and soil from Warm Springs, GA within 28 days after treatment with 3.6, 1.2 and 0.4 mg/l of the pesticide(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.96X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 39 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.8 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 45 days and 5 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is not expected to directly photolyze(3) due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

BCF values for largemouth bass and carp were 0.39 and 0.73, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for isobornyl thiocyanoacetate can be estimated to be 630(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is estimated as 2.60X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(2). Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.50X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to isobornyl thiocyanoacetate may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobornyl thiocyanoacetate was produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.