fensulfothion

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300+H310+H330 (92.9%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (92.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised.

Note: Fensulfothion is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Fensulfothion Exposure: Acute exposure to fensulfothion may produce the following signs and symptoms: sweating, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, profound weakness, muscle spasms, seizures, and coma. Mental confusion and psychosis may occur. Excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to fensulfothion exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to fensulfothion.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to fensulfothion.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of fensulfothion is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of fensulfothion may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3- 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Move container from fire area. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Extinguish with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Hydrolysis & landfill: Fensulfothion should be treated by alkali, mixed with a portion of soil rich in organic matter and buried. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Alkaline hydrolysis leads to complete degradation. Alkaline salts of dimethylphosphate and p-(methylsulfamoyl) phenol are non-toxic. Empty containers should be thoroughly drained and then treated with a caustic rinse. Since aqueous solubility is low, caustic in 50% ethanol is suggested.

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that all engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. ... A complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. /Parathion/

If an employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with parathion, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Parathion/

Skin that becomes contaminated with parathion should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove the parathion. /Parathion/

Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employee's body to parathion, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. /Parathion/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; stay upwind. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if possible. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up with noncombustible absorbent material. For large spills, dike far ahead of spill. (EPA, 1998)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

... MUST BE STORED IN SEALED ORIGINAL CONTAINERS, IN WELL-VENTILATED, FRESH, & DRY STOREHOUSES OR IN SHADED & POSSIBLY WELL-VENTILATED PLACES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE PRODUCT'S TEMP ... NOT EXCEED 25-30 °C, AND /THAT IT BE KEPT/ ... AWAY FROM SOURCES OF HEAT, FREE FLAMES OR SPARK-GENERATING EQUIPMENT. CONTAINERS MUST BE STACKED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO PERMIT FREE CIRCULATION OF AIR ... AT BOTTOM & INSIDE OF PILES. STORAGE AREAS MUST BE LOCATED AT SUITABLE DISTANCE FROM INHABITED BUILDINGS, ANIMAL SHELTERS, & FOOD STORES; MOREOVER, THEY MUST BE INACCESSIBLE TO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS, CHILDREN, & DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.20 [mg/m3]

2.0 [mg/m3]

3.1 [mg/m3]

0.1 mg/m³

TWA 0.1 mg/m3

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

0.01 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction and vapor), skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cholinesterase activity in red blood cells; Sampling Time: discretionary; BEI: 70% of individual's baseline. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides/

0.01 mg/m

0.01 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2004]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory failure. Cholinesterase inhibition. Exposure above the OEL could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Fensulfothion:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

When using the granulated product, wear protective gloves, goggles, & a face mask. In other respects, precautions are as for other cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphates ...

Respiratory protection for parathion is as follows: Particulate or vapor concentration of 1 mg/cu m or less: Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s), dust, fume, and mist filter(s), including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class or any supplied-air respirator or any self-contained breathing apparatus; 5 mg/cu m or less: A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece, organic vapor cartridge(s), dust, fume, and mist filter(s), including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class or a gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister, dust, fume, and mist filter, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; 20 mg/cu m or less: A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and high efficiency particulate filter, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class or a type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode; Greater than 20 mg/cu m or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or a combination respirator which includes a type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode and an auxillary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape: Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates or any escape self-contained breathing apparatus. /Parathion/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Important additional information about respirator selection

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Fensulfothion appears as oily yellow or brown liquid. Used as an insecticide, nematocide and mosquito larvicide. (EPA, 1998)

Brown liquid or yellow oil. [pesticide]; [NIOSH]

OILY YELLOW OR BROWN LIQUID.

Brown liquid or yellow oil.

Brown liquid or yellow oil. [pesticide]

BROWN LIQUID

YELLOW OIL

280 to 286 °F at 0.01 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

138-141 °C @ 0.01 MM HG

at 0.0013kPa: 138-141 °C

280-286 °F

440 °C @760 [mm Hg]

0.2 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

SOLUBLE IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENTS EXCEPT ALIPHATICS

WATER: 1.54 G/L @ 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.15

(77 °F): 0.2%

1.202 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.202 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.202

1.202 @ 20°C

0.00005 [mmHg]

5.0X10-5 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 0.0067

0.00005 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Log Kow = 2.23

SUBJECT TO HYDROLYSIS IN ALKALI

More resistant to acids than to bases.

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION, IT EMITS VERY TOXIC FUMES.

Noncorrosive

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.540 @ 25 °C/D

169.7 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID6021953]

174.5 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID6021953]

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Pesticide (Fensulfothion) -> USDA PDB

Incompatible with alkali chemicals. Hydrolyzes in alkali, isomerize in air [EPA, 1998]. Slightly soluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Sulfonates, Phosphonates, and Thiophosphonates, Organic

Organothiophosphates, such as FENSULFOTHION, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Nausea. Laboured breathing. Dizziness. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

EASILY ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

irritation skin; nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), chest tightness; blurred vision, miosis; cardiac irreg; muscle fasciculation; dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

Skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, blood cholinesterase

Chemical: FENSULFOTHION

Other Poison - Organophosphate

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

0.0003 MG/KG, 1973. /from FAO/WHO/

LC50 (rat) = 113 mg/m3/1h

LD50 Rat male oral 4 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral female 1.8 mg/kg

LC50 Rat male 29.5 mg/cu m/4 hr

When given in half LD50 doses, fensulfothion showed only additive effects with malathion & 16 other anticholinesterase pesticides.

Honey bees treated with Apistan Queen Tabs exhibited greater susceptibility to bifenthrin than untreated bees in laboratory bioassays. Bifenthrin was 1.9 times more toxic to bees that were caged with Apistan Queen Tabs than to bees held in cages without Apistan. The toxicity of carbaryl and methyl parathion was not significantly affected by Apistan treatment. The possibility that honey bee colonies being treated with Apistan are more susceptible to injury by bifenthrin is supported by data obtained in this study. However, susceptibility of colonies to carbaryl or methyl parathion does not appear to be affected by prior Apistan exposure. /SRP: Contains polyvinyl chloride, acetyl tributyl citrate, epoxidized soybean oil, tan-flavalinate, titanium dioxide, and stearic acid/

Lymphocytes obtained from 5 healthy donors were incubated with a mixture of 15 pesticides commonly found in foods of central Italy (dithiocarbamates (20.7%), benomyl (19.6%), thiabendazole (14.9%), diphenylamine (14.4%), chlorthalonil (13.1%), procymidone (8.0%), methidathion (2.3%), chlorpyrifos-ethyl (2%), fenarimol (1.9%), parathion-methyl (1%), chlorpropham, parathion, vinchlozolin, chlorfenvinphos and pirimiphos-ethyl (< 1%)). The percent of each pesticide in the mixture was proportional to its average concentration in foods. Incubated with the lymphocytes at a concentration of 1-20 ug/mL the pesticide mixture did not induce significant variations in the number of hypodiploid, hyperdiploid and polyploid cells or in the number of chromosome and chromatid aberrations. On the contrary, we observed a dose-dependent increase in the number of nonsynchronous centromeric separations which reached the level of 37.9% at 20 ug/mL of pesticide mixture in the incubation medium. This effect was not observed when benomyl was excluded from the mixture. These data show that the removal of benomyl could decrease the toxicity of pesticide residues present in human food.

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/

1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

3. DRAW BLOOD SAMPLE (HEPARINIZED) FOR CHOLINESTERASE ANALYSIS BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF PRALIDOXIME, WHICH TENDS TO REVERSE THE CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION. 4. ADMIN PRALIDOXIME (PROTOPAM, 2-PAM) IN CASES OF SEVERE POISONING...IN WHICH RESP DEPRESSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS & TWITCHINGS ARE SEVERE. ... ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12): GIVE 1.0-2.0 G IV @ NO MORE THAN 0.2 G/MIN. CHILD'S DOSE (UNDER 12 YR): GIVE 20-50 MG/KG (DEPENDING ON SEVERITY) IV, INJECTING NO MORE THAN HALF TOTAL DOSE/MIN. DOSAGE...MAY BE REPEATED IN 1-2 HR, THEN @ 10-12 HR INTERVAL IF NEEDED. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS, DOSAGE...MAY BE DOUBLED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to parathion at potentially hazardous levels: Initial medical examination which includes a complete history and physical examination. The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. ... Examination of the respiratory system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, eyes, and attention to cholinesterase levels in the blood should be stressed. The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic skin disorders. Cholinesterase determination: Parathion causes depressed levels of activity of cholinesterase in the serum and erythrocytes. The cholinesterase activity in the serum and erythrocytes should be determined by using medically acceptable biochemical tests prior to any new period of exposure. The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis, with the exception of cholinesterase determination. This test should be performed at four week intervals, except for those individuals in areas which may involve intense exposure, for whom the test should be repeated weekly. If any employee works with parathion more than 12 hr per day, they should also be tested every three weeks. Employees should also be tested at any time over-exposure is suspected or signs or symptoms of toxicity appear. Any employee having a 30 to 40% decrease in cholinesterase should be removed from exposure and placed under medical observation. /Parathion/

Serum or Plasma: The literature search did not reveal reports of monitoring tests for assessment of organophosphate pesticide absorption. Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Urine: The assessment of organophosphate pesticide exposure can be accomplished through measurement of the following alkyl phosphate metabolites: dimethylphosphate, diethyl phosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, diethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate. Detection of these metabolites is a useful screening test for exposure, since the degradation of most organophosphate pesticides produces only these six metabolites. Detection of dimethylphosphate and diethyl phosphate have been found to be directly attributable to pesticide exposure. Detection of dimethyldithiophosphate and diethyldithiophosphate is difficult since they are rapidly degraded and are less directly associated with pesticide exposure, while dimethylthiophosphate and diethylthiophosphate levels can be produced from other non-pesticide sources, limiting their usefulness as markers for pesticide absorption. The one limitation to measurement of urinary alkyl metabolites is that this test is only useful for assessing recent exposure, due to the short half-life of organophosphate pesticides. In addition, there are tests for specific urinary phenolic metabolites of certain organophosphate pesticides such as parathion (metabolite, p-nitrophenol). However, since each pesticide gives rise to a different phenol metabolite, it is probably not feasible to identify each urinary metabolite. Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Determination of RBC and Serum (Plasma) Cholinesterase Levels: There are two forms of cholinesterase in the body: true cholinesterase, or acetylcholinesterase or red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase, which is located in erythrocytes, neurons and neuromuscular junctions; and pseudocholinesterase, or serum cholinesterase, which is located primarily in serum, plasma, and the liver. The inhibition of RBC cholinesterase is theoretically a better indicator of biological effect than serum cholinesterase, since it is analogous to the enzyme that is found in nervous system tissues and any changes should be indicative of neurological toxicity. RBC cholinesterase is useful for assessing exposure as far back as several months, while serum cholinesterase is only useful for assessing exposure within the last month. Pseudocholinesterase is usually depressed before RBC cholinesterase, but is only representative of exposure to organophosphate pesticides and not a neurological effect. Many factors such as age, race, sex, disease state, and pregnancy have been demonstrated to affect both red blood cell and serum cholinesterase in the body. The acute cholinergic effects that are caused by exposure to organophosphate pesticides have been found to correlate with cholinesterase inhibition. Based on the guidelines established by the state of California, measurement of both RBC and serum cholinesterase levels is recommended, since certain organophosphate pesticides have been demonstrated to produce RBC or serum cholinesterase-specific effects. It is generally recommended that baseline levels be obtained prior to exposure, if possible, to better assess cholinesterase depression from pesticide exposure. BAT for Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors:(sampling time is end of exposure or end of shift, or for long-term exposures sampling times is after several shifts: both measured as acetylcholinesterase in erythrocytes): Reduction of activity to 70% of reference value. In addition, the ACGIH has established a BEI for exposure to organophosphate pesticides, based on measurement of red blood cell cholinesterase. However, in order to assess cholinesterase effects, it is necessary to have established a baseline level prior to exposure, for comparison purposes. BEI (sampling time is discretionary): 70% of individual's baseline. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An entire family of 5 persons was poisoned following household application of a formulation made from emulsifiable concentrate. It was estimated that about 12,000 mg of the active ingredient was applied to 10 sq m in 2 rooms. After the family had slept in the home for only 1 night, the 38 yr old mother & her 5 yr old daughter suffered nausea, vomiting, & disorientation. ... the exposure was continued. After 3 days, the 2 females experienced diarrhea & abdominal pain, & the daughter died on the 6th day with diagnosis of general debility & acute heart failure. Two sons ... were hospitalized with typical cholinergic symptoms, & their serum cholinesterase was depressed.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. NAUSEA ... VOMITING, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, DIARRHEA, EXCESSIVE SALIVATION ... 2. HEADACHE, GIDDINESS, VERTIGO, & WEAKNESS. 3. RHINORRHEA & SENSATION OF TIGHTNESS IN CHEST ARE COMMON IN INHALATION EXPOSURE. 4. BLURRING OR DIMNESS OF VISION, MIOSIS ... TEARING, CILIARY MUSCLE SPASM, LOSS OF ACCOMMODATION & OCULAR PAIN ... MYDRIASIS ... SOMETIMES SEEN ... PROBABLY DUE TO SYMPATHO-ADRENAL DISCHARGE. 5. LOSS OF MUSCLE COORDINATION, SLURRING OF SPEECH, FASCICULATIONS & TWITCHING OF MUSCLES (PARTICULARLY OF TONGUE & EYELIDS), & GENERALIZED PROFOUND WEAKNESS. 6. MENTAL CONFUSION, DISORIENTATION & DROWSINESS. /PARATHION/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 7. DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, EXCESSIVE SECRETION OF SALIVA & OF RESP TRACT MUCUS, ORONASAL FROTHING, CYANOSIS, PULMONARY RALES & RHONCHI & HYPERTENSION (PRESUMABLY DUE TO ASPHYXIA). 8. RANDOM JERKY MOVEMENTS, INCONTINENCE, CONVULSIONS, & COMA. 9. DEATH PRIMARILY DUE TO RESP ARREST ARISING FROM FAILURE OF RESP CENTER, PARALYSIS OF RESP MUSCLES, INTENSE BRONCHOCONSTRICTION OR ALL THREE. /PARATHION/

... EXPT USING 5% GRANULAR FORMULATION APPLIED AIRTIGHT FOR 2 HR TWICE EACH DAY TO FOREARM OF 3 PERSONS FOR 5 CONSECUTIVE DAYS PRODUCED SKIN IRRITATION ...

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IN 1.34-YR FEEDING TRIALS, RATS RECEIVING /FENSULFOTHION/ 1 MG/KG DIET SHOWED NO EFFECT.

SIGNS OF INTOXICATION /IN ANIMALS (GROUSE, QUAIL & PHEASANTS & DUCKS) FROM ACUTE ORAL ADMIN OF FENSULFOTHION/: REGURGITATION, ATAXIA, WINGS CROSSED HIGH OVER BACK, WING & TAIL TREMORS, MASSETER TENSENESS, DYSPNEA, AND OPISTHOTONOS. SIGNS APPEARED AS SOON AS 20 MIN AFTER TREATMENT, & MORTALITIES TOOK PLACE /BETWEEN/ 34 MIN TO 3 HR. SURVIVORS APPEARED NORMAL THE DAY AFTER TREATMENT. THE 30-DAY EMLD /EMPIRICAL MINIMUM LETHAL DOSE/ FOR 5-6 MO OLD MALLARDS OF BOTH SEXES ... IS 0.200 MG/KG/DAY. THE RESULTING CUMULATIVE TOXICITY INDEX IS 0.749/0.200 = 3.7, INDICATING LITTLE CUMULATIVE TOXIC ACTION IN MALLARDS.

SPECIES DIFFERENCES TO THE TOXIC EFFECT OF FENSULFOTHION ARE NOT AS NOTEWORTHY AS SEX DIFFERENCES WHERE FEMALES WERE FOUND TO BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO TOXIC EFFECTS. SYMPTOMS ... ARE DUE TO ITS CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITING PROPERTIES.

ORAL ADMIN OF FENSULFOTHION TO PREGNANT RABBITS CAUSED NO EMBRYOTOXIC EFFECTS & DID NOT RESULT IN ANY MALFORMATION. DOMINANT LETHAL MUTATIONS WERE NOT PRODUCED IN ACUTE TESTS ON MICE.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons with a history of reduced pulmonary function, convulsive disorders, or recent exposure to anticholinesterase agents would be expected to be at an increased risk from exposure. /Parathion/

LD50 MALLARD ORAL 0.749 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 0.595-0.944 MG/KG), 5-7 MO OLD FEMALES /SAMPLE PURITY 90%/

LD50 Sharp-tailed grouse oral 0.500-1.00 mg/kg, males /Sample purity 90%/

LD50 California quail oral 1.68 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 1.38-2.04 mg/kg), 9-10 mo old males /Sample purity 90%/

LD50 California quail oral 1.19 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 0.935-1.51 mg/kg), 9 mo old females /Sample purity 90%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to birds and bees. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Fensulfothion's former use as an insecticide resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates fensulfothion will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase fensulfothion will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.5 hours. Particulate-phase fensulfothion will be physically removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, fensulfothion is expected to have moderate mobility based upon a Koc of 300. Volatilization from moist and dry soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole and this compound's vapor pressure, respectively. Biodegradation of fensulfothion is expected to be an important fate process in soil and water based upon soil half-lives of < or = to 1 week; the half-life in sterilized soil was greater than 24 weeks. If released into water, some adsorption of fensulfothion to suspended solids and sediment in the water column is expected based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 29 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to be a slow process in natural waters based upon hydrolysis half-lives ranging from 16 to 87 weeks. Occupational exposure to fensulfothion may occur through inhalation of spray mists and dermal contact with this insecticide during or after its application. The general population may be exposed to fensulfothion via ingestion of contaminated food. (SRC)

In 1988, Congress amended FIFRA to strengthen and accelerate EPA's reregistration program which applies to each registered pesticide product containing an active ingredient initially registered before November 1, 1984. Fensulfothion is found on list A which consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA had issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88. Case No.: 0107; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide(nematicide); Registration Standard Date: 12/22/83; Case Status: The pesticide is no longer an active ingredient in any registered pesticide products. Therefore, EPA is characterizing it as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees, to make or meet certain reregistration commitments, or when the Agency reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.

Fensulfothion's former use as an insecticide(1,2) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

AFTER APPLICATION TO PASTURE PLOTS, IN ADDITION TO UNCHANGED FENSULFOTHION, FENSULFOTHION SULFONE & FENSULFOTHION OXYGEN ANALOG SULFOXIDE & SULFONE WERE ALSO FOUND.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 300(2) indicates that fensulfothion is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of fensulfothion from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Fensulfothion is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-5 mm Hg(2). Fensulfothion degraded rapidly in a sandy loam soil to fensulfothion sulfone(4). Field application of 50 ppm fensulfothion was reduced to 5 ppm after 120 days in the first year of application; however, in the second year of application, less than 0.2 ppm remained after 60 days, which was attributed to microbial adaptation(5). In laboratory studies, the initial half-life of fensulfothion in a sandy loam soil (organic matter 2.9%) and in an organic soil (organic matter 48.7%) was less than one week and one week, respectively, but was greater than 24 weeks in the same soils which had been sterilized by autoclaving(6). In a greenhouse study using an organic soil containing 65% organic matter, the initial half-life of fensulfothion applied at normal insecticidal concn was about 3 to 5 weeks with a slightly faster disappearance exhibited in wetter soil(7). Persistence of fensulfothion (as measured by larvae mortality) ranged from 3 to 10 weeks in greenhouse and field studies of a sandy loam soil(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 300(2) indicates that some adsorption of fensulfothion to suspended solids and sediment in the water column is expected(SRC). Fensulfothion is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 29(3,SRC), from a log Kow of 2.23(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of fensulfothion in distilled water at 25 °C was relatively independent of pH over the range of 4.5 to 8.0 with half-lives of 58, 87, 77, and 69 weeks at pH 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, and 4.5, respectively(7). The half-life of fensulfothion in sterilized natural water at 20 °C was 16 weeks(8). Based upon the biodegradation of fensulfothion in soil(9,10), biodegradation may be an important process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), fensulfothion, which has a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase fensulfothion is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.5 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase fensulfothion may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

A number of soil bacteria, Nocardia spp and Arthrobacter ssp, degraded the products of fensulfothion hydrolysis and oxidation: 4-methylmercaptophenol (MMP); 4-methylsulfinylphenol (MSP); and 4-methylsulfonylphenol (MSO2P). Nocardia calcerea hydroxylated the ring to form a substituted catechol. Meta cleavage between carbons 2 and 3 ensued to give 2-hydroxy-5-methylmercaptomuconic semialdehyde from MMP and the corresponding sulfinyl analog from MSP. MSO2P was hydroxylated to form 4-methylsulfonylcatechol. In this case ortho cleavage occurred, splitting the ring between atoms 1 and 2 to form 3-methylsulfonylmuconic acid.

When cell suspension of Klebsiella pneumoniae were incubated with fensulfothion, a metabolite formed. Combined GC-MS and IR were used to identify this compound as fensulfothion sulfide.

The half-life of fensulfothion in sterilized (via autoclaving) sandy loam soil (organic matter 2.9%) and organic soil (organic matter 48.7%) exceeded 24 weeks but the half-life in non-sterilized soil was 1 week or less, which is suggestive of significant microbial degradation(1). Field application of 50 ppm fensulfothion was reduced to 5 ppm after 120 days in the first year of application; however, in the second year of application, less than 0.2 ppm remained after 60 days, which was attributed to microbial adaptation; the microorganisms involved in the degradation were identified as a species of Pseudomonas(2). Incubation of a nutrient media with soil microorganisms resulted in a 60% fensulfothion degradation over a 20-week period as compared to a 45% degradation in sterile controls; a fensulfothion sulfone metabolite was found in inoculated samples but not sterile samples; fensulfothion sulfide, in small amounts, was found in both sterile and inoculated samples; addition of 1% ethanol to inoculated samples to induce anaerobic conditions resulted in a rapid disappearance of fensulfothion (half-life of 1.5 weeks) with a large conversion to fensulfothion sulfide(3). Fensulfothion degraded rapidly in a sandy loam soil to fensulfothion sulfone(4). In a greenhouse study using an organic soil containing 65% organic matter, the initial half-life of fensulfothion applied at normal insecticidal concn was about 3 to 5 weeks with a slightly faster disappearance exhibited in wetter soil(5). Persistence of fensulfothion (as measured by larvae mortality) varied from 3 to 10 weeks in greenhouse and field studies of a sandy loam soil(6).

DASANIT UNDERWENT SLOW OXIDATION IN AIR TO FORM THE SULFONE O,O-DIETHYL O-P-METHYLSULFONYLPHENYL PHOSPHOROTHIONATE. IN ADDITION TO THIS, THE CHARACTERISTIC ISOMERIZATION OF PHOSPHOROTHIONATES TO PHOSPHOROTHIOLATES ALSO OCCURRED.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of fensulfothion with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of fensulfothion in distilled water at 25 °C was found to be relatively independent of pH over the range of 4.5 to 8.0 with the measured half-lives of 58,87, 77, and 69 weeks at pH values of 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, and 4.5, respectively(2). The half-life of fensulfothion in sterilized natural water at 20 °C was observed to be 16 weeks(3).

Based on a log Kow value of 2.23(1), the log BCF for fensulfothion can be estimated to be 1.46 from a recommended regression equation(2,SRC). Based on a water solubility of 1540 ppm at 25 °C (1), the log BCF can be estimated to be 0.99 from a recommended regression equation(2,SRC).

Residues of fensulfothion may be concentrated by some species. Earthworms surviving an application of fensulfothion contained about 22 ppm of dasanit sulfone.

An estimated BCF of 29 was calculated for fensulfothion(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.23(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

After application at normal pesticide application rates to a greenhouse soil (65% organic matter, typical of soil used for onion production in Ontario, Canada), fensulfothion exhibited no significant vertical movement over a 10 week treatment period using a variety of watering schedules(1). Fensulfothion applied to soil did not leach beyond a 15 cm depth and remained in the initial zone of application over a period of 150 days(2). A Koc of 300 was reported for fensulfothion(3). According to a classification scheme(4), this Koc value suggests that fensulfothion is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for fensulfothion is estimated as 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that fensulfothion is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Fensulfothion is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 5X10-5 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: No residues of fensulfothion were detected at the minimum detectable level of 5.0 ppb in 27 wells sampled in areas of agricultural usage in California(1).

Fensulfothion has been detected (no concentration available) in run-off water from agricultural fields treated with the insecticide(1).

Fensulfothion (I) was applied to established fescue-Kentucky bluegrass turf at 1, 2, 4, and 8 times (1 times rate= 2.4 kg/ha) ... Turf residues decreased 2-6 fold during a 42-day posttreatment period whereas soil-root residues increased 2 fold. This probably indicates downward movement by the several natural forces.

A monitoring survey was conducted from 1985 to 1987 to determine the levels of fensulfothion in selected farm ditches leading to the Lower Fraser, Nicomekl, and Sumas rivers in British Columbia, Canada. 7 sampling sites were chosen where fensulfothion was used on the farms in Jul/Aug. Water and ditch sediment samples were taken in early spring in the first wk of May each year starting in 1985, prior to any pesticide application. Subsequent samples were taken in July, shortly after treatment. Further samples were obtained during the rainy and wet season, ie, in Oct, Dec, and Feb of the following year. Fensulfothion was not detected in ditch water (detection limit = 1 ug/l), but low levels were found at 2 sites in the July 1985 samples of ditch sediments (10.3 ug/kg).

SOIL: Fensulfothion was detected in silt loam soil collected from a vegetable farm in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada in 1989 at a concentration of 92 ppb dry weight(1).

... IT PERSISTED /IN CARROTS/ DURING FOUR-YEAR STORAGE PERIOD WHEN CARROTS WERE FROZEN.

... IN BUTTERFAT OF COWS THAT GRAZED 14 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT /OF PASTURE WITH FENSULFOTHION/, TRACES (0.02 PPM) WERE DETECTABLE AFTER 3 DAYS OF GRAZING. MILK RESIDUES WERE IN FORM OF FENSULFOTHION OXYGEN ANALOG SULFONE ...

Carrots grown in muck soil contained measurable amounts of the sulfone in all sections of the carrot. When grown in soil treated the previous year at 5.6 kg active ingredient/hectare, carrots exhibited a residue of about 0.10 ppm.

Fensulfothion was detected in 1 out of 210 fresh carrots sampled in Canada between April 1, 1989 and Dec 31, 1991 at a concentration of approx 1.0 ppm(1). Fensulfothion was detected in domestic and imported commodities over the 4-year period fiscal years 1983-86(1).

Under operational spraying (275 g/ha) for control of budworm, fenitrothion deposits (2-4 mg/kg, wet wt) on the foliage of red and white spruce and balsam fir decreased about 50% within four days, and 70-85% within two weeks. However, about 10% of the initial deposit persisted for most of the year following spraying. /Fenitrothion/

Occupational exposure to fensulfothion may occur through inhalation of spray mists and dermal contact with this insecticide during or after its application. The general population may be exposed to fensulfothion via ingestion of contaminated food. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Hydrolysis & landfill: Fensulfothion should be treated by alkali, mixed with a portion of soil rich in organic matter and buried. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Alkaline hydrolysis leads to complete degradation. Alkaline salts of dimethylphosphate and p-(methylsulfamoyl) phenol are non-toxic. Empty containers should be thoroughly drained and then treated with a caustic rinse. Since aqueous solubility is low, caustic in 50% ethanol is suggested.

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point less than 23 °C

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point 23 °C or more

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 27/28-50/53; S: (1/2)-23-28-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I