cyclopentanone

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.8% (12 of 678) of reports.

H226 (98.2%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315 (97.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (98.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (11.2%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 678 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 12 of 678 reports by companies.

There are 7 notifications provided by 666 of 678 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

ALCOHOL FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEM.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for cyclopentanone: concentration process: Biological treatment

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from acids. Cool. Keep in the dark. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store only if stabilized.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

6.4 [mg/m3]

70 [mg/m3]

420 [mg/m3]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and possibly the respiratory tract.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Cyclopentanone appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 87 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Water-white liquid with distinctive odor like peppermint; [Hawley] Colorless clear liquid; Polymerizes easily in presence of acids; [ICSC]

CLEAR COLOURLESS LIQUID.

liquid; agreeable odour somewhat like peppermint

WATER-WHITE, MOBILE LIQUID

DISTINCTIVE ETHEREAL ODOR, SOMEWHAT LIKE PEPPERMINT

267.17 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

130.6 °C AT 760 MM HG

130.00 to 131.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

130-131 °C

130.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-60.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

-51.3 °C

86 °F (NTP, 1992)

87 °F (CLOSED CUP)

Sol in alcohol, acetone, ether

Estimated water solubility of 9175 mg/l

Solubility in water: poor

water; miscible in ether

Miscible at room temperature (in ethanol)

0.94869 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.94869 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.95

0.950-0.960

0.95 @ 20°C

2.3 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.3

11.4 [mmHg]

11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C

11.4 [mm Hg] @25 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4366 AT 20 °C; SADTLER REFERENCE NUMBER: 171 (IR, PRISM), 55 (IR, GRATING); MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 290 NM (LOG E= 1.28)

1.432-1.438

POLYMERIZES EASILY, ESP IN PRESENCE OF ACIDS

Schoenflies notation

Angular frequency

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Chemical diffusion

Chemical shift

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

CYCLOPENTANONE polymerizes easily, especially in the presence of acids. Can react with oxidizing materials, i.e. hydrogen peroxide. (NTP, 1992)

Cyclopentanone

D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides

4 samples had 1-4 ppm peroxide; age >1 yrs

Management of time-sensitive chemicals (JCHAS)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

LC50 (rat) = 19,500 mg/m3

/PRODUCES CNS DEPRESSION/ IN HIGH CONCN.

25 MMOLAR CYCLOPENTANONE INCUBATED WITH /HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLAST/ CELLS FOR 30 MIN AT 37 °C SHOWED NO SIGNS OF ACTIVE MEMBRANE DAMAGE.

RATS EXPOSED TO 44 DIFFERENT ODOROUS ENVIRONMENTS (INCL CYCLOPENTANONE) FOR PERIODS OF 1 TO 12 WEEKS SHOWED SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF MITRAL CELL DEGENERATION IN OLFACTORY BULB.

... Male Wistar rats exposed intermittently to cyclopentanone vapor at 50, 100 or 300 ppm 6 hr/day 5 days per wk for 1-15 wk showed brain and perirenal fat solvent concentrations which correlated to the exposure although they decreased at the later /stages of/ the experiment. Cyclopentanone caused almost no effects on liver drug metabolizing enzymes or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, while an early increase in the kidney 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase was found after 1 wk without a concomitant increase in the cytochrome p450 content. This effect was abolished later so that an enhancement was found only at the highest exposure level after 15 wk. Postmitochondrial fractions isolated from liver of exposed animals metabolized cyclopentanone more actively than controls after 15 wk.

Cyclopentanone may be released to the environment via effluents at sites where it is produced or used as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, biologicals, insecticides and rubber chemicals. Cyclopentanone is also released to the environment via effluents from the manufacture and use of coal-derived liquid fuels and the disposal of coal liquefication and gasification waste byproducts. Cyclopentanone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or photolysis in the environment. Limited data suggests that cyclopentanone should biodegrade rapidly upon acclimation in soil and water. A low estimated Koc indicates cyclopentanone should have a very high mobility in soil. In aquatic systems, it should not partition from the water column to organic matter in sediments and suspended solids, nor should it bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C suggests that the volatilization of cyclopentanone from natural waters will be an important fate process. Volatilization half-lives from a model river and a model pond, the latter considers the effect of adsorption, have been estimated to be about 3.5 and 40 days, respectively. Based on its vapor pressure, cyclopentanone should evaporate from dry surfaces, especially when present in high concn such as in spill situations. Cyclopentanone is expected to exist entirely in the vapor phase in ambient air. Vapor phase reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere have been shown to be important (half-life of 5.5 days). The most probable human exposures to cyclopentanone would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at places where it is produced or used. Atmospheric workplace exposures have been documented. Non-occupational exposures are likely to occur among populations with contaminated drinking water supplies or from the ingestion of certain foods. (SRC)

Cyclopentanone may be released to the environment via effluents at sites where it is produced or used as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, biologicals, insecticides and rubber chemicals(4). Cyclopentanone is also released to the environment via effluents from the manufacture and use of coal-derived liquid fuels and the disposal of coal liquefaction and gasification waste byproducts(1-3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Cyclopentanone is not expected to hydrolyse in soils(1), or undergo photolysis on sunlit soil surfaces due to lack of >290 nm UV adsorption(2). A single 5-day BOD screening test, which utilized activated sludge for inocula, suggests that cyclopentanone will biodegrade rapidly upon acclimation in terrestrial environments(3). An estimated Koc of 30(1) indicates cyclopentanone should have a very high mobility in soil(4). A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5) suggests volatilization of cyclopentanone from moist soils may be an important fate process(1). Based on a vapor pressure of 11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(6), cyclopentanone should evaporate from dry surfaces, especially when present in high concn such as in spill situations(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Cyclopentanone is not expected to hydrolyze(1) or undergo direct photolysis in aquatic systems(2). A single 5-day BOD screening test, which utilized activated sludge for inocula, suggests that cyclopentanone will biodegrade rapidly upon acclimation in natural waters(3). An estimated log bioconcentration factor (log BCF) of -0.05(1) indicates cyclopentanone should not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC). An estimated Koc of 30(1) indicates cyclopentanone should not partition from the water column to organic matter contained in sediments and suspended solids(SRC). A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4) indicates that volatilization of cyclopentanone from natural bodies of water should be an important fate process(1). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river has been estimated to be 3.5 days(1,SRC). The volatilization half-life from an model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be about 40 days(5,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a vapor pressure of 11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), cyclopentanone is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in ambient air(2). Vapor phase reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere have been shown to be important(SRC). A rate constant for cyclopentanone of 2.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(3). Direct photolysis in air is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(4).

Pure culture studies showed various isolated species of bacteria(1,2) and yeast(3) were unable to utilize cyclopentanone as a single carbon source. A single 5-day BOD screening test, which utilized activated sludge for inocula, indicates cyclopentanone biodegraded rapidly with acclimation(4). After a 20 day acclimation period. 95.4% COD of an initial concn of 100 mg/L was removed in a closed bottle maintained at 20 °C and a pH of 7.2(4).

Ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis(2). The photolysis of cyclopentanone in the environment should not be an important fate process(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclopentanone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured to be 2.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C, which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(3).

Based upon an estimated log kow of 0.24(1), the bioconcentration factor (log BCF) for cyclopentanone has been calculated to be -0.05, from a recommended regression-derived equations(2). This BCF value indicates cyclopentanone should not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

Based on an estimated water solubility of 9175 mg/L(1), a Koc value of 30 for cyclopentanone has been calculated from a regression-derived equation(1,SRC). This Koc value indicates cyclopentanone should be very highly mobile in soil(2).

A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1) indicates that volatilization of cyclopentanone from natural bodies of water should be an important fate process(2). Based upon this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) has been estimated to be 3.5 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be about 40 days(3,SRC). Based on the vapor pressure of 11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(4), cyclopentanone should evaporate from dry surfaces, especially when present in high concn such as in spill situations(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Cyclopentanone was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange Co, CA and Dallas, Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa, IA, and Seattle(1).

GROUNDWATER: Cyclopentanone was detected in 3 of 3 groundwater samples near a coal gasification site near Hoe Creek in northeastern WY at concn of 13, 37 and 180 ppb(1).

Cyclopentanone was detected in 4 of 7 wastewater effluents from energy related processes(1). A groundwater water sample from a coal gasification facility in Hanna, WY contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 32 ppb; the process water at a coal gasification facility in Gillette, WY contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 110 ppb; effluent from the gasification of Rosebud coal in Morgantown, WV contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 56 ppb; and retort water from an in situ shale oil processing facility in Rock Spring, WY contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 5 ppb(1). Wastewater from coal gasification at the Grand Fork's Energy Technology Center, ND was also reported to contain cyclopentanone at a concn of 0.8 mg/L(2). In addition, wastewater effluent from a shale oil facility in Queensland, Australia was shown to contain cyclopentanone at a concn of 53 mg/L(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: In Nov. 1982, cyclopentanone was detected in the air outside an oil shale wastewater facility of Occidental Oil Shale Inc. at Logan Wash, CO(1).

Cyclopentanone was identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes produced by the baking process(1).

The most probable route of human exposure to cyclopentanone is by inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion. Atmospheric workplace exposures have been documented(2). Drinking water supplies(3) and baked potatoes(1) have been shown to contain cyclopentanone.

The most probable human exposure to cyclopentanone would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at places where it is produced or used(SRC). A 1982 study showed cyclopentanone was emitted to the air from wastewaters at a shale oil facility exposing inside workers(1). Non-occupational exposures are likely to occur among populations with contaminated drinking water supplies(2); or from the ingestion of certain foods(3).

Cyclopentanone may be released to the environment via effluents at sites where it is produced or used as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, biologicals, insecticides and rubber chemicals. Cyclopentanone is also released to the environment via effluents from the manufacture and use of coal-derived liquid fuels and the disposal of coal liquefication and gasification waste byproducts. Cyclopentanone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or photolysis in the environment. Limited data suggests that cyclopentanone should biodegrade rapidly upon acclimation in soil and water. A low estimated Koc indicates cyclopentanone should have a very high mobility in soil. In aquatic systems, it should not partition from the water column to organic matter in sediments and suspended solids, nor should it bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C suggests that the volatilization of cyclopentanone from natural waters will be an important fate process. Volatilization half-lives from a model river and a model pond, the latter considers the effect of adsorption, have been estimated to be about 3.5 and 40 days, respectively. Based on its vapor pressure, cyclopentanone should evaporate from dry surfaces, especially when present in high concn such as in spill situations. Cyclopentanone is expected to exist entirely in the vapor phase in ambient air. Vapor phase reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere have been shown to be important (half-life of 5.5 days). The most probable human exposures to cyclopentanone would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at places where it is produced or used. Atmospheric workplace exposures have been documented. Non-occupational exposures are likely to occur among populations with contaminated drinking water supplies or from the ingestion of certain foods. (SRC)

Cyclopentanone may be released to the environment via effluents at sites where it is produced or used as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, biologicals, insecticides and rubber chemicals(4). Cyclopentanone is also released to the environment via effluents from the manufacture and use of coal-derived liquid fuels and the disposal of coal liquefaction and gasification waste byproducts(1-3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Cyclopentanone is not expected to hydrolyse in soils(1), or undergo photolysis on sunlit soil surfaces due to lack of >290 nm UV adsorption(2). A single 5-day BOD screening test, which utilized activated sludge for inocula, suggests that cyclopentanone will biodegrade rapidly upon acclimation in terrestrial environments(3). An estimated Koc of 30(1) indicates cyclopentanone should have a very high mobility in soil(4). A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5) suggests volatilization of cyclopentanone from moist soils may be an important fate process(1). Based on a vapor pressure of 11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(6), cyclopentanone should evaporate from dry surfaces, especially when present in high concn such as in spill situations(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Cyclopentanone is not expected to hydrolyze(1) or undergo direct photolysis in aquatic systems(2). A single 5-day BOD screening test, which utilized activated sludge for inocula, suggests that cyclopentanone will biodegrade rapidly upon acclimation in natural waters(3). An estimated log bioconcentration factor (log BCF) of -0.05(1) indicates cyclopentanone should not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC). An estimated Koc of 30(1) indicates cyclopentanone should not partition from the water column to organic matter contained in sediments and suspended solids(SRC). A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4) indicates that volatilization of cyclopentanone from natural bodies of water should be an important fate process(1). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river has been estimated to be 3.5 days(1,SRC). The volatilization half-life from an model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be about 40 days(5,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a vapor pressure of 11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), cyclopentanone is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in ambient air(2). Vapor phase reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere have been shown to be important(SRC). A rate constant for cyclopentanone of 2.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(3). Direct photolysis in air is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(4).

Pure culture studies showed various isolated species of bacteria(1,2) and yeast(3) were unable to utilize cyclopentanone as a single carbon source. A single 5-day BOD screening test, which utilized activated sludge for inocula, indicates cyclopentanone biodegraded rapidly with acclimation(4). After a 20 day acclimation period. 95.4% COD of an initial concn of 100 mg/L was removed in a closed bottle maintained at 20 °C and a pH of 7.2(4).

Ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis(2). The photolysis of cyclopentanone in the environment should not be an important fate process(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclopentanone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured to be 2.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C, which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(3).

Based upon an estimated log kow of 0.24(1), the bioconcentration factor (log BCF) for cyclopentanone has been calculated to be -0.05, from a recommended regression-derived equations(2). This BCF value indicates cyclopentanone should not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

Based on an estimated water solubility of 9175 mg/L(1), a Koc value of 30 for cyclopentanone has been calculated from a regression-derived equation(1,SRC). This Koc value indicates cyclopentanone should be very highly mobile in soil(2).

A Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1) indicates that volatilization of cyclopentanone from natural bodies of water should be an important fate process(2). Based upon this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) has been estimated to be 3.5 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be about 40 days(3,SRC). Based on the vapor pressure of 11.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(4), cyclopentanone should evaporate from dry surfaces, especially when present in high concn such as in spill situations(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Cyclopentanone was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange Co, CA and Dallas, Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa, IA, and Seattle(1).

GROUNDWATER: Cyclopentanone was detected in 3 of 3 groundwater samples near a coal gasification site near Hoe Creek in northeastern WY at concn of 13, 37 and 180 ppb(1).

Cyclopentanone was detected in 4 of 7 wastewater effluents from energy related processes(1). A groundwater water sample from a coal gasification facility in Hanna, WY contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 32 ppb; the process water at a coal gasification facility in Gillette, WY contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 110 ppb; effluent from the gasification of Rosebud coal in Morgantown, WV contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 56 ppb; and retort water from an in situ shale oil processing facility in Rock Spring, WY contained cyclopentanone at an average concn of 5 ppb(1). Wastewater from coal gasification at the Grand Fork's Energy Technology Center, ND was also reported to contain cyclopentanone at a concn of 0.8 mg/L(2). In addition, wastewater effluent from a shale oil facility in Queensland, Australia was shown to contain cyclopentanone at a concn of 53 mg/L(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: In Nov. 1982, cyclopentanone was detected in the air outside an oil shale wastewater facility of Occidental Oil Shale Inc. at Logan Wash, CO(1).

Cyclopentanone was identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes produced by the baking process(1).

The most probable route of human exposure to cyclopentanone is by inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion. Atmospheric workplace exposures have been documented(2). Drinking water supplies(3) and baked potatoes(1) have been shown to contain cyclopentanone.

The most probable human exposure to cyclopentanone would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at places where it is produced or used(SRC). A 1982 study showed cyclopentanone was emitted to the air from wastewaters at a shale oil facility exposing inside workers(1). Non-occupational exposures are likely to occur among populations with contaminated drinking water supplies(2); or from the ingestion of certain foods(3).

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for cyclopentanone: concentration process: Biological treatment

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CYCLOPENTANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2245; Cyclopentanone

IMO 3.3; Cyclopentanone

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xi; R: 10-36/38; S: (2)-23

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III