magnesium phosphide

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P223, P231+P232, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H260 (100%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (99%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 105 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. (FOAM MAY BE USED FOR CHLOROSILANES, SEE BELOW).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam; DO NOT USE dry chemicals, soda ash or lime on chlorosilane fires (large or small) as they may release large quantities of hydrogen gas that may explode. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use carbon dioxide, dry sand. NO water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

Powder Spill

· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.

· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

PH3 - when spill Magnesium phosphide into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2011 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 400 m (1250 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.6 km (0.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.4 km (0.9 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 3.9 km (2.4 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spillages and residues in containers will evolve phosphine for several days by reaction with atmospheric moisture. Respiratory protective equipment will be required by those dealing with them. Even if atmospheric concentrations of phosphine are initially low, they may rise as residues are disturbed. Moderate quantities should be collected in a secure place to protect the public and wildlife and left in the open air and kept moist until hydrolysis is complete. /SRP: Under emergency conditions:/ larger amounts should be removed to a deep pit, at an approved site, until phosphine evolution is complete. Then they can be buried. Residues at the site of spillage should be washed away in a large quantity of water and the area kept secure and aerated until checked for zero gas concentration.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Combustible packages can be incinerated at high temperature (> 1000 °C) using proper facilities.

For information on this pesticide product (including health concerns, medical emergencies, or pesticide incidents), call the National Pesticide Telecommunications Network at 1-800-858-7378.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in sealed, polyethylene-lined drums. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Final

0.091 [ppm]

1.0 [ppm]

1.8 [ppm]

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. (FOAM MAY BE USED FOR CHLOROSILANES, SEE BELOW)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam; DO NOT USE dry chemicals, soda ash or lime on chlorosilane fires (large or small) as they may release large quantities of hydrogen gas that may explode.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

AEGLs /SRP: These airborne concentrations will produce the equivalent AEGL values for phosphine./

Table: AEGLs for Magnesium phosphide (ppm) [Table#7443]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Tolerances are established for residues of phosphine in or on the following raw agricultural commodities (RACs) resulting from post-harvest fumigation for the control of insects with phosphine gas or phosphide compounds that produce phosphine gas. /Phosphine/ [Table#7438]

Tolerances are established for residues of the fumigant in or on all RACs resulting from preharvest treatment of pest burrows in agricultural and non-crop land areas. All raw agricultural commodities resulting from preharvest treatment of pest burrows, 0.01 ppm. /Phosphine/

Residues resulting from fumigation of processed foods: Processed foods, 0.01 ppm. /Phosphine/

Residues resulting from fumigation of animal feed: Animal feed, 0.1 ppm. /Phosphine/

To assure safe use of this pesticide, it must be used in compliance with the labeling conforming to that registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under FIFRA. Labeling shall bear a restriction to aerate the finished food/feed for 48 hours before it is offered to the consumer, unless EPA specifically determines that a different time period is appropriate. Where appropriate, a warning shall state that under no condition should any formulation containing aluminum or magnesium phosphide be used so that it will come in contact with any processed food, except processed brewer's rice, malt, and corn grits stored in breweries for use in the manufacture of beer. /Phosphine/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

A NIOSH/MSHA approved full face gas mask/hydrogen phosphide canister combination must be used at concn up to 15 ppm. Above this level, or if the concentration is unknown a NIOSH/MSHA approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or equivalent must be available at the application site.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with water.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Magnesium phosphide is a white crystalline solid. It reacts violently with water and may ignite upon contact with air. It is toxic by ingestion. It is used to make other chemicals.

YELLOW-TO-GREEN CRYSTALS.

Yellow cubic crystals

Reacts with water

In water, 0.01 g/L

Solubility in water: reaction

2.06 g/cu cm

2.1 g/cm³

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /phosphorus oxides/ and phosphine.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible

Produces spontaneously flammable phosphine and diphosphine on contact with water.

dielectric constant

crystal structure

effective mass

positional coordinate

space group

unit cell parameter

displacement parameter

band gap energy

band structure

atomic environment

defect energy

mobility

unit cell axes

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Insecticides, Rodenticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

Decomposed by water or moisture in air evolving toxic phosphine and diphosphine, that often ignites [Douda 1966]. May ignite upon contact with air.

Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Phosphine gas will be created in 15 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Nitrides, Phosphides, Carbides, and Silicides

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

Pyrophoric

MAGNESIUM PHOSPHIDE is a strong reducing agent. Nitric acid oxidizes MAGNESIUM PHOSPHIDE with incandescence [Mellor 8:842. 1946-47]. It ignites on heating with chlorine, bromine, or iodine vapors, [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 8, 842]. It reacts vigorously with most oxidants.

Ignites when heated in chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

Reacts with water to evolve flammable phosphine.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust and by ingestion.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Cough. Dizziness. Lethargy. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Convulsions. Diarrhoea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

The IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) level is 282 mg/cu m (200 ppm). /Phosphine/

LC50 Frog (species not identified) inhalation 0.56 mg/L for 30 min /Phosphine/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Magnesium and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Magnesium and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Magnesium and Related Compounds/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphine and Related Compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Magnesium phosphide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Three groups of symptoms of acute phosphine poisoning /have been/ described ...: (a) nervous symptoms including headache, vertigo, tremors, and unsteady gait, progressing in severe cases to convulsions, coma, and death; (b) gastrointestinal symptoms include loss of appetite, thirst, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, and severe epigastric pain; and (c) respiratory symptoms including a feeling of pressure and pain in the chest as well as shortness of breath. In addition, a sharp fall in blood pressure was described as a characteristic, but seldom-mentioned, symptom. Chronic effects include anemia, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal, speech, and motor disturbances, but these are by no means general. /Phosphine/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... The symptoms of acute poisoning by phosphine /include/ headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, paraethesia, ataxia, tremor, diplopia, myocardial infiltration with necrosis, pulmonary edema, and myocardial and peripheral muscle damage. Laboratory results indicated that there had been urinary tract involvement (occult blood) and levels of several liver enzymes were elevated. /Phosphine/

/GENOTOXICITY/ In a human genotoxicity study ..., an analysis of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes in workers was conducted. The following groups were studied: a) workers exposed to phosphine alone; b) workers exposed to phosphine and other pesticides; c) workers exposed to other pesticides and fumigants; d) state grain workers, and; e) controls. Lymphocytes were also exposed to phosphine in vitro at different concn and chromosome aberrations were analyzed at different times after exposure. Male fumigant applicators who, 6 wk to 3 mo earlier, were exposed to phosphine and other pesticides had significantly increased stable chromosome rearrangements, primarily translocations in G-banded lymphocytes. There was no increase in sister chromatid exchanges due to fumigation activities. Less stable aberrations, including chromatid deletions and gaps, were significantly increased only during the application season, but not at this later time point. During fumigant application, measured exposure to phosphine exceeded accepted national standards. /Phosphine/

/GENOTOXICITY/ In an Australian study of workers exposed to phosphine ..., 31 phosphine fumigators and 21 controls ... were examined for micronucleus incidence in peripheral blood lymphocytes and their concentrated urine was assessed for mutagenicity in TA100 and TA98 strains of S. typhimurium. In addition, serum bile acids were measured. The subjects, all males, were matched for medication, X-ray exposure within the past year, and smoking habits. There was no indication how often the fumigators were exposed, the most recent exposure date, or the length of employment of the various fumigators. No individual data were presented to identify if certain individuals showed 28 unusually high micronuclei incidence or presence of mutagens in the urine. For analysis, urine samples were concentrated 75-fold and the /Ames assay/ was used to test mutagenicity to TA100 and TA98 in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9). No increase in the mutagenicity of urine from the fumigators (N = -27) vs controls (N = -19) in this assay was observed. Similarly, no changes related to phosphine exposure were observed in serum bile acids. Cholesterol and some liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase) were elevated in the exposed group. Micronuclei formation was measured in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured for 44 hr in the presence of phytohemagglutinin to stimulate mitosis, arrested at metaphase with cytochalasin-B, and harvested by cytocentrifugation after 72 hr in culture. The micronucleus incidence was comparable among the fumigators and the control groups (overall MI for fumigators = 6.9 vs 7.1 for controls). /Phosphine/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ One mole of aluminum phosphide, potassium phosphide, or sodium phosphide will react rapidly with water or moisture to produce a maximum of one mole of phosphine ... One mole of zinc phosphide, calcium phosphide, magnesium phosphide or strontium phosphide will react rapidly with water or moisture to produce a maximum of two moles of phosphine ... In the absence of appropriate chemical-specific data for the title metal phosphides ... the use of phosphine as a surrogate for the metal phosphides is deemed appropriate because qualitative (clinical signs) and quantitative (phosphine blood level) data suggest that the phosphine hydrolysis product is responsible for acute toxicity from metal phosphides.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A 90-day inhalation study was conducted with male and female Fischer 344 rats exposed via inhalation to phosphine using the following three different exposure regimens: I) 0, 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk; II) initiated on study Day 48 at 0 or 10 ppm (after 3 days of exposure 4 of 10 females died and therefore this group was terminated); and III) initiated on study Day 75 with additional groups of rats at 0 or 5 ppm for 15 days; exposure was terminated on study Day 90. For each exposure regimen, recovery groups were included in the study and these groups were sacrificed after 4 weeks of post-exposure observations. In the 5 ppm for 15-day exposure regimen (regimen III), there were no treatment-related effects on survival, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmological or hematological parameters. No treatment-related histopathological lesions were seen in either sex .... In rats exposed at 10 ppm for 3 days (regimen II), there was 80% mortality in females but no mortality in males. Both sexes of rats exhibited coagulative necrosis in the tubules of the kidneys and pulmonary congestion was observed in the females that died. A LOEL of 10 ppm for four weeks was based on lethality (80% deaths for females) due to the sharp doseresponse curve for acute toxicity. In the 13-wk exposure regimen (regimen I), there was no mortality in either sex at any concentration tested. There was a transient decrease in body weight gain accompanied by decreased food consumption. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit values were slightly decreased in males at 3.0 ppm (at 4 wk only), but no effects were observed in these males at 13 wk or in females at either interval. No exposure-related gross or histologic findings were observed at levels up to and including 3.0 ppm. A LOEL for subchronic exposure (13 wk) was not established in this study. The NOEL was 3 ppm (the HDT). /Phosphine/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ CD derived Sprague Dawley mated female rats (24-27/dosage group) were exposed in inhalation chambers to concentrations of phosphine ... at 0, 0.03, 0.3, 3.0, 5.0, or 7.5 ppm, 6 hr per day on gestation days 6 through 15. The highest exposure group (7.5 ppm) was terminated after 10 days of exposures due to high mortalities (14/24). Treated females were observed twice daily for toxicity; and bw and food consumption were monitored throughout the study. At day 20 post-coitus, females were sacrificed and examined for corpora lutea, implantations, live and dead fetuses, and early and late resorptions. Pups were identified, sexed, and examined for external malformations and visceral and skeletal defects. The females and their fetuses from the high dose group were not examined for developmental effects. The only abnormalities observed were 25 increased absorptions in litters (16 litters, 76 pups). Increased resorptions were not seen in the 0.3, 3.0, or 5.0 ppm groups. All other observations were comparable to the control females and pups. The maternal NOEL is 5 ppm and the maternal LOEL is 7.5 ppm, based on the high incidence of maternal deaths. /Phosphine/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ 11 Crl:CD BR VAF/Plus rats/sex/exposure group were exposed to 0, 20, 30, or 40 ppm of phosphine (1% a.i. in nitrogen) for 4 hr. Each treatment group was exposed via inhalation on a different day, with the first exposure occurring six days prior to the final exposure. Eleven rats/sex/exposure group were selected for functional observational battery (FOB) and motor activity (MA) testing prior to and following exposure, and on days 7 and 14 post-exposure; six rats/sex/exposure group were perfused for neuropathology. All animals survived to scheduled termination. There were no exposure-related clinical signs. FOB and MA parameters were characterized by variability both within and among control and exposed groups; this variability (which may be partly due to the unbalanced treatment schedule) confounded interpretation of some of the results. Palpebral closure was noted in some exposed groups on day 1 and was significant in females exposed to 30 and 40 ppm and in males at 20 and 40 ppm. Body temperatures were significantly lowered for males and females on day 1 in all exposure groups. The remainder of the differences in the FOB parameters were random statistical variations that occurred both pre- and post-test, were not dose related, or were not consistent between the sexes. Motor activity (horizontal, vertical, total distance, and stereotypic time) was decreased at 20, 30, and 40 ppm, primarily during the 10 and 20 min post-exposure time intervals (data comparing motor activity for the entire 30-min assessment period was neither presented nor analyzed). With one exception, these reductions no longer occurred at 7 or 14 days after exposure. For males during the first 10-min post-exposure interval, horizontal activity decreased significantly by 76.4, 71.7, and 83.8% in the 20, 30, and 40 ppm groups, respectively. Males in the 20 ppm group had the following decreases in horizontal activity: 76.4%, 77.6% (both statistically significant), and 89.4% (non-statistically significant) during the 10, 20, and 30 min intervals, respectively. For females during the first 10-min postexposure interval, horizontal activity decreased significantly by 71.3, 48.0, and 83.5% in the 20, 30, and 40 ppm groups, respectively. Females in the 20 ppm group had the following decreases in horizontal activity: 71.3%, 85.8% (both significant), and 54.1% (non-statistically significant) during the 10, 20, and 30 min intervals, respectively. Similar decreases occurred for both sexes for vertical activity, total distance, and stereotypic time. No phosphine-related neuropathological changes were observed in any exposure group. Significant increases in absolute and relative (body and brain wt) adrenal gland weights in males from the 40 ppm group were of questionable biological significance and did not show a concentration-response relationship. /Phosphine/

/GENOTOXICITY/ In a Salmonella typhimurium reverse gene mutation assay, the test was negative with hydrogen phosphide (PH3) in all strains up to cytotoxic concentrations (> or = 488 ppm/plate +/-S9). /Hydrogen phosphide/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Magnesium phosphide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Combustible packages can be incinerated at high temperature (> 1000 °C) using proper facilities.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Magnesium phosphide (when spilled in water)/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Magnesium phosphide (when spilled in water) [Table#7439]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#7440]

/GUIDE 139: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Produce flammable and toxic gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 139: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC GASES)/ Health: Highly toxic: contact with water produces toxic gas, may be fatal if inhaled. Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Magnesium phosphide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dangerous When Wet Poison

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, T+, N; R: 15/29-28-50; S: (1/2)-22-43-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 4.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I