N,N-dimethylaniline

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311+H331 (11.3%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (27.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (99.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 799 reports by companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.8% (9 of 189) of reports.

H252 (59.8%): Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire [Warning Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H317 (59.8%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (75.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (94.2%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (95.2%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P235, P261, P264+P265, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 189 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 9 of 189 reports by companies.

There are 9 notifications provided by 180 of 189 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Special protective equipment for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal or glass containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations... Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Dimethylaniline may be disposed of: 1) by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material ... 2) by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for N,N-dimethylaniline: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Clothing which becomes soaked with aniline should be promptly removed. /Aniline/

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

5.0 [ppm]

10 [ppm]

17 [ppm]

100 [ppm]

5 ppm (25 mg/m³)

10 ppm (50 mg/m³)

TWA 5 ppm (25 mg/m3) ST 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) [skin]

TWA 5 ppm (25 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

100 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

100.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: N,N­Dimethylaniline has been reported to be quantitatively less toxic than aniline but produces a very similar effect -- notably, methemoglobinemia [Clayton and Clayton 1981].

See: 121697

10.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 10 ppm. Skin designation.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methemoglobin in blood; Sampling Time: during or end of shift; BEI: 1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin inducers/

5 ppm as TWA; 10 ppm as STEL; (skin); A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen); BEI issued.

5 ppm [1990]

10 ppm [1990]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Australia: 5 ppm, STEL 10 ppm, skin (1990); Federal Republic of Germany: 5 ppm, short-term level of 10 ppm, 30 min, 4 times per shift, skin, carcinogen group B, justifiably suspected of having carcinogenic potential (1990); Sweden: 2 ppm, short-term value 4 ppm, skin (1987); United Kingdom: 5 ppm, 10-min STEL 10 ppm, skin (1991).

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for N,N-Dimethylaniline:

N,n-dimethylaniline appears as a yellow to brown colored oily liquid with a fishlike odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Flash point 150 °F. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Used to make dyes and as a solvent.

Pale yellow, oily liquid with an amine-like odor; Note: A solid below 36 degrees F; [NIOSH]

YELLOW OILY LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Pale yellow, oily liquid with an amine-like odor.

Pale yellow, oily liquid with an amine-like odor. [Note: A solid below 36 °F.]

Pale-yellow, oily liquid [Note: A solid below 36 degrees F]

Yellowish to brownish, oily liquid

Amine-like odor

381 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

192-194 °C

193.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]

36.4 °F (NTP, 1992)

145 °F (NTP, 1992)

145 °F (63 °C) (closed cup)

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 1,454 mg/L at 25 °C

Freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether

Soluble in acetone, benzene, organic solvents

Soluble in oxygenated and chlorinated solvents

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, benzene; very soluble in chloroform

1.45 mg/mL

Solubility in water: none

0.9557 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9537 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.96

0.9557 @ 20°C

4.17 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.17 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2

1 mmHg at 85.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.7 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg at 29.5 °C

0.70 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 67

0.7 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 2.31

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

700 °F (NTP, 1992)

700 °F (371 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of aniline and NOx.

Insoluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Explosive decomposition occurred when finely divided benzoyl peroxide was allowed to react with N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE by breaking an ampoule containing 0.5 grams of dimethylaniline in an autoclave, NFPA 491M, 1991. This result may be expected with other peroxides and various oxidants.

Explodes on contact with benzoyl peroxide or diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate.

Addition of 1% of dimethylaniline to diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate caused instant explosion.

Conditions to avoid: Heat, flames and sparks. Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Acid chlorides, Acid anhydrides, Chloroformates, Halogens

Strong oxidizers, strong acids, benzoyl peroxide

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N,N-Dimethylaniline is a pale-yellow, oily liquid with amine-like odor that solidifies below 36 degrees F. It is used as a solvent; an intermediate in the manufacture of vanilin, methyl violet, other dyes, and Michler's ketone; as a reagent; as a catalytic hardener in certain fiberglass resins; and as an acid scavenger or acceptor in the manufacture of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: N,N-Dimethylaniline has been reported to be quantitatively less toxic than aniline but produces a very similar effect notably, methemoglobinemia. The human lethal oral dose is 50 mg/kg. Short-term exposure: contact may irritate or burn the eyes, and may irritate the nose and throat. It can be absorbed through the skin, thereby increasing exposure. Swallowing the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonia. The chemical may affect the blood, resulting in formation of methemoglobin. Symptoms of anoxia, cyanosis, weakness, dizziness, ataxia. Symptoms may be delayed. Long term exposure: repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. While this chemical has not been identified as a reproductive hazard, there are some evidence that women working with aniline, a related compound, have a higher incidence of reproductive cycle disorders and abortions. There are case reports of two workers who showed symptoms very similar to aniline poisoning. One of the workers, who was exposed for only a few minutes to hot vapors from a vat containing dimethylaniline and phenol, collapsed immediately, was unconscious for 8 hours, and complained of visual disturbances, noise in the ears, and intense abdominal pain. The other worker was less severely poisoned after 7 hours of baling dimethylaniline from one container to another. The compound was not irritating when approximately 0.1 g of petrolatum containing 0.6% N,N-Dimethylaniline was applied to the backs of human subjects for 24 hours. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of N,N-dimethylaniline. ANIMAL STUDIES: When mice were injected with 65 mg/kg N,N-Dimethylaniline for 3 days, 1.8 % metHb and 2.0 % sulfhemoblobin were found in the blood 48 hours after the last dose. Rats inhaling dimethylaniline at 0.3 mg/cu m for 24 hours/day for 100 days showed significant changes in the central nervous system, blood, and liver, including changes in the correlation of muscle antagonist chronaxy, a reduced number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, increased methemoglobin level, reticulocytosis, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, a reduced sulfhydryl group content in the serum, and accumulation of pyruvic acid in the liver and serum. Dimethylaniline increased the coproporphyrin urinary excretion and reduced the adrenal ascorbic acid level. Dimethylaniline at 0.005 mg/cu m did not change the above parameters. In other experiments, splenomegaly was observed in rats and mice given a daily dose of up to 500 mg of N,N-dimethylaniline/kg body weight 5 days/wk for 13 wk. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of hemosiderosis and hematopoiesis in the spleens, livers, and kidneys of treated rats and mice. Bone marrow hyperplasia was noted in treated rats but not mice. N,N-Dimethylaniline was evaluated for developmental toxicity (litter size as well as the birth weight, neonatal growth, and survival of pups) in a short-term in vivo animal bioassay. Fifty pregnant mice were given 365 mg/kg/day N,N-dimethylaniline in corn oil by gavage on days 6-13 of gestation. N,N-Dimethylaniline had no toxic effect in the dams or in their offspring for the parameters assayed. N,N-dimethylaniline was found to be negative when tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay in 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100). The highest ineffective dose tested in any Salmonella typhimurium strain was 333.000 ug/plate. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of N,N-dimethylaniline. Urinary metabolites of N,N-dimethylaniline produced in dogs were 4-aminophenol, 4-(methylamino)phenol, 4-(dimethylamino)phenol, 2-aminophenol, and N-methylaniline.

N-N-Dimethylaniline

Hematologic

2 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of N,N-dimethylaniline. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of N,N-dimethylaniline. Overall evaluation: N,N-dimethylaniline is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

N,N-Dimethylaniline

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 57: (1993) Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Personal Use of Hair Colourants; Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyestuffs and Aromatic Amines

TR-360: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of N,N-Dimethylaniline (CASRN 121-69-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (1989 )

03/13/89

Some Evidence

No Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethylaniline for male F344/N rats, as indicated by the increased incidences of sarcomas or osteosarcomas (combined) of the spleen. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethylanilinefor female F344/N rats given 3 or 30 mg/kg body weight by gavage for 2 years. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethylaniline for male B6C3F1 mice given 15 or 30 mg/kg bodyweight by gavage for 2 years. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethylaniline for female B6C3F1 mice, as indicated by an increased incidence of squamous cell papillomas of the forestomach. Both rats and mice could have tolerated doses higher than those used in these studies.

There were decreased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in dosed male and high dose female rats. Compound-related splenic fibrosis, hemosiderosis, and fatty metamorphosis were increased in male rats.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Ringing in the ears. Visual disturbances.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

Anoxia symptoms: cyanosis, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, ataxia; methemoglobinemia

Blood, kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

2 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LCLo (rat) = 250 mg/m3/4H

...50 mg/kg is the lethal oral dose /human data/. [Note: An oral dose of 50 mg/kg is equivalent to a 70-kg worker being exposed to 2,333 mg/cu m (463 ppm) for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]

LD50 Rat oral 1410 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 1770 mg/kg

LD50 Mice oral 1440 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mice i.p. 960 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green Algae) 2x10+6 cells/mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4; Concentration: 22000 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 19000-27000 ug/L); Effect: decreased population growth rate /99% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia sp. (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 16500 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /99% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age 24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-20 °C, pH 8.0-8.3, dissolved oxygen 8.1-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 29700 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 22000-48500 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /99% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age 24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-20 °C, pH 8.0-8.3, dissolved oxygen 8.1-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 13700 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 11200-16800 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /99% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.60e+01

1.20e+02

2.50e+00

5.00e+00

9.00e-04

2.70e-02

2.00e-03

Volatile

8.30e+02

4.70e+02

7.00e+03

1.10e+02

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

N,N-Dimethylaniline's production and use as a polymerization catalyst and as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and dyes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates N,N-dimethylaniline will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase N,N-dimethylaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs. A dilute aqueous solution of N,N-dimethylaniline exposed to fluorescent lamps having a continuous spectrum from 300-400 nm resulted in a 50% degradation in approximately 14 min; therefore, N,N-dimethylaniline may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to have moderate mobility based upon a Koc of 182. The pKa of N,N-dimethylaniline is 5.15, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization pf the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. N,N-Dimethylaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1.9% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. If released into water, N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 20 hrs and 9.5 days, respectively. A BCF of 5.4 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N,N-dimethylaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

N,N-Dimethylaniline's production and use as a polymerization catalyst and as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and dyes(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 182(2), indicates that N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of N,N-dimethylaniline is 5.15(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of N,N-dimethylaniline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 0.76 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1,450 mg/L(6). N,N-Dimethylaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1.9% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 182(2), indicates that N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1,450 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives of the neutral species for a model river and model lake are 20 hrs and 10 days, respectively(SRC). N,N-Dimethylaniline is degraded in aqueous environments by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in water is estimated to be 34 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10+10 cu cm/molecule-sec(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a measured BCF of 5.4(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1.9% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N,N-dimethylaniline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N,N-dimethylaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.48X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase N,N-dimethylaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced ozone radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 hrs(SRC), calculated from the rate constant of 9.1X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). Night-time reaction with nitrate radicals may also contribute to the atmospheric transformation of N,N-dimethylaniline(4). A dilute aqueous solution of N,N-dimethylaniline exposed to fluorescent lamps having a continuous spectrum from 300-400 nm resulted in a 50% degradation in approximately 14 min(5); therefore, N,N-dimethylaniline may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Using a mixed municipal/industrial activated sludge, 0-3% of N,N-dimethylaniline was removed over a 6 hr period at a concentration of 20 mg/L. When an industrial activated sludge that was adapted to N,N-dimethylaniline was used, 100% of the total organic carbon was removed after 6 days at a concentration of 400 mg/L. However, this test indicates that stripping may be the most important elimination process since there was no indications that biodegradation had occurred. In another test, both a municipal non-acclimated and an acclimated activated sludge were used to study the biodegradation. The non-acclimated sludge reached less than 10% of its ThOD after 28 days at a concentration of 50-200 mg/L of N,N-dimethylaniline while at the same concentration, the acclimated sludge reached 22% of its ThOD in 5 days(1). N,N-Dimethylaniline, present at 100 mg/L, reached 1.9% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2).

PURE CULTURE: The biodegradation pathway for N,N-dimethylaniline is believed to begin by enzymatic attack on one of the methyl groups attached to the nitrogen(1). Two biodegradation experiments were conducted to study the increase in degradability between an acclimated and non-acclimated bacteria culture. Microorganisms were obtained as mixed liquor suspended solids from the secondary aeration basins of an industrial wastewater treatment plant. One bacteria culture was introduced to N,N-dimethylaniline in nine stages where the concentration was steadily increased whereas the other culture was given no prior acclimation. At the end of a 7 day exposure, 72% of N,N-dimethylaniline still remained in the non-acclimated culture as opposed to only 0.15% in the acclimated culture(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of N,N-dimethylaniline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.48X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of N,N-dimethylaniline with ozone has been experimentally determined to be 9.1X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at room temperature which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 29 hrs at an atmospheric concn of 7.2X10+11 ozone molecules/cu cm(3). N,N-Dimethylaniline is degraded in aqueous environments by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the rate constant for this reaction is 1.4X10+10 cu cm/molecule-sec(4). This corresponds to an aqueous half-life of about 34 days at an aqueous concentration of 1.0X10-17 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(5). The rate constant for the reaction between N,N-dimethylaniline and singlet oxygen has been determined to be 1X10+8 L/mole-sec(5); assuming the steady-state concentration of singlet oxygen in natural water is 2X10-13M(5), the half-life for this reaction can be estimated to be 9.6 hrs(SRC). N,N-Dimethylaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6). Exposure of a dilute aqueous solution of N,N-dimethylaniline to fluorescent lamps having a continuous spectrum from 300-400 nm resulted in a 50% degradation in approximately 14 min(7); therefore, N,N-dimethylaniline may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A BCF of 5.4 was measured in fish for N,N-dimethylaniline, at a concentration of 0.5 ppm, using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of N,N-dimethylaniline was reported to be 182(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of N,N-dimethylaniline is 5.15(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). A Kd of 150 using montmotillonite has been reported(5).

In field plot study, sludge, with an average concentration of 223 ug/kg of N,N-dimethylaniline, from an industrial wastewater treatment system was applied to 10 sq ft plots. The sludge was allowed to dry for 5 days and was subsequently tilled to a 6 in depth. Following this treatment, the concentration of N,N-dimethylaniline was studied at various depths in the soil profile. N,N-Dimethylaniline was only detected in the top 15.2 cm at 5, 122, and 241 days after application at an average concentration of 24, 19, and 30 ug/kg, respectively(1).

The Henry's Law constant for N,N-dimethylaniline is estimated as 5.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1,450 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 20 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 9.5 days(SRC). N,N-Dimethylaniline's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). N,N-Dimethylaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

N,N-Dimethylaniline was detected at an average concentration of 223 ug/kg in sludge from the Muskegon County Wastewater Management Treatment System in Michigan(1).

N,N-Dimethylaniline was detected, not quantified, in cold-pressed orange oil from the peel of fresh Florida oranges(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of N,N-dimethylaniline is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 30,480 workers (7,448 of these are female) are potentially exposed to N,N-dimethylaniline in the US(1). Occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N,N-dimethylaniline is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Dimethylaniline may be disposed of: 1) by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material ... 2) by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for N,N-dimethylaniline: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2253; N,N-Dimethylaniline

IMO 6.1; N,N-Dimethylaniline

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/24/25-40-51/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II