2-Ethylhexanal

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315 (15.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (84.4%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (15.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361 (84.4%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1785 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide or foam extinguishers.

Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep ethyl hexaldehyde out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion ...

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from acids, bases and oxidants. Cool. Well closed.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizers, strong bases and combustible materials.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Rubber gloves; safety goggles or face shield (USCG, 1999)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with hot surfaces. Above 46 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

2-ethylhexaldehyde is a white liquid with a mild odor. Floats on water. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless liquid; [ICSC]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless high-boiling liquid

Mild odor

326.1 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

less than -100 °C

125 °F (NTP, 1992)

112 °F (44 °C) (Closed cup)

46 °C c.c., 52 °C o.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with most organic solvents

Slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride; soluble in ethanol and ether

In water, less than 0.5 g/100g at 25 °C

In water, 400 ppm at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.07

0.82 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8540 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Bulk density = 6.8 lb/gal

Relative density (water = 1): 0.85

4.42 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.4 (Air = 1) at 20 °C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.5

1.8 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

1.8 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 1.8 mm Hg at 20 °C

2.0 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 200

log Kow = 3.07, measured OECD Method 107

387 °F (USCG, 1999)

190 °C; 375 °F

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid and irritating fumes.

1.0527 cP at 25 °C

38.73 kJ/mol at normal boiling point

27.8571 dyn/cm at 25 °C

Index of refraction: 1.4142 at 20 °C

Liquid molar volume = 0.156518 cu m/kmol

IG Heat of Formation = -2.996X10+8 J/kmol

Heat Capacity = 1.9391 J/g-K at 25 °C

Henry's Law constant = 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated via measured water solubility (400 mg/L) and vapor pressure (2 mm Hg)/

Spontaneously flammable in air. [Steele and Dugan, Chem. Eng. 66:160(1960)]. Insoluble in water.

Aldehydes

Highly Flammable

Pyrophoric

Peroxidizable Compound

2-ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE is an aldehyde. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation.

Forms explosive mixture with air. Violent reaction with oxidizers. Incompatible with strong acids, caustics, ammonia, amines.

The aldehyde ignited in air. This is typical of mid-range aldehydes if sorbed on paper or cloth which increases surface exposure, ignition occurring within 2 hours.

2-Ethylhexanal

D: Other compounds that may form peroxides

Ignighted with extended contact with air. See Bretherick's.

Steele, A. B. et al., Chem. Engrg., 1969, 66, 160

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.

LCLo (rat) = 4,000 ppm/4h

LD50 Mouse ip 256 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat ip 500 mg/kg bw

LD50 Guinea pig dermal >20000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit dermal 646.2 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The mucus membranes of the nasal and oral passages and the upper respiratory tract are affected, producing a burning sensation ... bronchial constriction, choking, and coughing. The eyes tear, and a burning sensation is noted on the skin of the face. /Aldehydes/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Rats receiving diets containing 2-ethylhexyl aldehyde for 3 wk showed decreases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride.

/GENOTOXICITY/ /In a standard Ames test Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA97, TA98 was treated with 2-ethylhexanal at concentrations of 0, 3, 10, 33, 100, 166, 333, 666 ug/plate and produced a negative result with and with out S9 activation./

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ DL-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and 3 structually related side-chain analogs were fed to laying hens to determlne relationships of structure to effects on lipid metabolism. Hubbard broiler breeder hens were fed a standard laying mash control diet or the control diet containing DEEP 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH), 2-ethylhexanal (2-EHLAD) or 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)...The DEHP and side-chain analog diets lowered plasma total lipids. DEHP, (2-EHA and 1% 2-EHA diets lowered plasma free cholesterol. Liver weights were not significantly changed, but liver fat was reduced. The decreases observed in plasma lipids occurred primarily in the triglyceride fraction. Liver lipid decreases occurred mainly in triglyceride and free fatty acid classes. Hen egg yolk percent fat, lipid classes and free and total cholesterol were unaffected by any DEHP or side-chain analog diets. Plasma and liver hypolipidemic effects were observed with all oxidation state structural analogs of the 2-EHP side chain, but 2% 2-EH was the most effective treatment.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

2-Ethylhexaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate in organic syntheses and use in vulcanizing agents and antioxidants for rubber, and its use in perfumes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 2-Ethyhexaldehyde is a metabolite resulting from the biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. 2-Ethylhexaldehyde has been detected in emission from particle board, as a volatile component of baked potatoes, and in human expired air. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-ethylhexaldehyde will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexaldehyde will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours. If released to soil, 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 18. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Ethylhexaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Using OECD Method 301F with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8% which classifies it as readily biodegradable. A structurally similar branched aldehyde (isobutyraldehyde) was found to be readily biodegradable using the Japanese MITI test. These biodegradation screening results suggest biodegradation of 2-ethylhexaldehyde will be an important fate process in soil and water. If released into water, 2-ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 hours and 4.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 49 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexaldehyde via inhalation, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-ethylhexaldehyde. (SRC)

Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature. In public use since the 1950s.

2-Ethylhexaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate in organic syntheses and use in vulcanizing agents and antioxidants for rubber(1), and its use in perfumes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

2-Ethyhexaldehyde is a metabolite resulting from the biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(4). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(SRC). Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8%(5) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(6) which also classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexaldhyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 hours and 4.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 49(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.07(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8%(7) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(8) which also classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-ethylhexaldehyde , which has a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BODT of 71.8%(1) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2).

PURE CULTURE: Uptake of oxygen by coccobacillus grown on di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate using 2-ethylhexaldehyde as substrate was 66 uL/hour at 30 °C(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-ethylhexaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 49 was calculated in fish for 2-ethylhexaldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.07(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-ethylhexaldehyde can be estimated to be 18(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-ethylhexaldehyde is estimated as 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.9 days(SRC). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 2-Ethylhexaldehyde was qualitatively detected in ambient air samples collected in an industrial area in Mumbai, India in 2004(1).

2-Ethylhexaldehyde has been qualitatively detected as a volatile compound of baked potatoes(1).

The average emission rate of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from particle board with glued on carpet was measured as 0.073 mg/sq m-hour(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 2-ethylhexaldehyde is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexaldehyde via inhalation, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-ethylhexaldehyde. (SRC)

2-Ethylhexaldehyde was qualitatively detected in the expired air from control and diabetic nonsmoking populations(1).

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

2-Ethylhexaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate in organic syntheses and use in vulcanizing agents and antioxidants for rubber, and its use in perfumes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 2-Ethyhexaldehyde is a metabolite resulting from the biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. 2-Ethylhexaldehyde has been detected in emission from particle board, as a volatile component of baked potatoes, and in human expired air. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-ethylhexaldehyde will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexaldehyde will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours. If released to soil, 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 18. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Ethylhexaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Using OECD Method 301F with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8% which classifies it as readily biodegradable. A structurally similar branched aldehyde (isobutyraldehyde) was found to be readily biodegradable using the Japanese MITI test. These biodegradation screening results suggest biodegradation of 2-ethylhexaldehyde will be an important fate process in soil and water. If released into water, 2-ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 hours and 4.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 49 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexaldehyde via inhalation, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-ethylhexaldehyde. (SRC)

Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature. In public use since the 1950s.

2-Ethylhexaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate in organic syntheses and use in vulcanizing agents and antioxidants for rubber(1), and its use in perfumes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

2-Ethyhexaldehyde is a metabolite resulting from the biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(4). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(SRC). Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8%(5) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(6) which also classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexaldhyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 hours and 4.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 49(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.07(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8%(7) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(8) which also classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-ethylhexaldehyde , which has a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BODT of 71.8%(1) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2).

PURE CULTURE: Uptake of oxygen by coccobacillus grown on di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate using 2-ethylhexaldehyde as substrate was 66 uL/hour at 30 °C(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-ethylhexaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 49 was calculated in fish for 2-ethylhexaldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.07(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-ethylhexaldehyde can be estimated to be 18(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-ethylhexaldehyde is estimated as 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.9 days(SRC). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 2-Ethylhexaldehyde was qualitatively detected in ambient air samples collected in an industrial area in Mumbai, India in 2004(1).

2-Ethylhexaldehyde has been qualitatively detected as a volatile compound of baked potatoes(1).

The average emission rate of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from particle board with glued on carpet was measured as 0.073 mg/sq m-hour(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 2-ethylhexaldehyde is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexaldehyde via inhalation, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-ethylhexaldehyde. (SRC)

2-Ethylhexaldehyde was qualitatively detected in the expired air from control and diabetic nonsmoking populations(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Ethylhexaldehydes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Ethylhexaldehydes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Ethylhexaldehydes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Ethylhexaldehydes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1191; ETHYLHEXALDEHYDES

IMO 3.3; ETHYLHEXALDEHYDES

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Airtight.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III