4-Heptanone

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1945) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H332 (> 99.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1945 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1945 reports by companies.

There are 3 notifications provided by 1944 of 1945 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dipropyl ketone:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, alcohol foam, fog, and mist.

Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with non-combustible absorbent material, (e.g. sand, earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) and place in container for disposal according to local / national regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak it without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Dipropyl ketone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Store in cool place. Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

100 [ppm]

1100 [ppm]

6600 [ppm]

50 ppm (235 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (235 mg/m3)

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

50.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

50 ppm as TWA

50 ppm [1978]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and skin. The vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dipropyl ketone:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Dipropyl ketone appears as a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point 120 °F. Toxic by inhalation. A skin irritant. Used to make flavorings and as a solvent.

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless liquid with a pungent, powerful, ethereal, fruity odour

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.

Stable, colorless liquid

Pleasant odor

Burning taste

291 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

144.00 to 145.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

144-146 °C

144-145 °C

144 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-27 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-32.6 °C

120 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

48.89 °C (closed cup)

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether; very soluble in ligroin

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride

In water, 3.19X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

3.2 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water at 20 °C: very poor

insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether

(in ethanol)

Insoluble

0.82 (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8174 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Bulk density: 6.79 lb/gal at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.814-0.817 (20 °C)

0.815 @25 °C

3.93 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.9

5 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

5.2 [mmHg]

5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.7

5.2 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow = 2.04

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Highly Flammable

DIPROPYL KETONE is incompatible with the following: Oxidizers (NIOSH, 2024).

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

Oxidizers

Dipropyl ketone

D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides

1 samples had 1 ppm, age &gt;10 yr

Management of time-sensitive chemicals (JCHAS)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Drowsiness. Lethargy. Headache.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness.

Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

irritation eyes, skin; central nervous system depression, dizziness, drowsiness, decreased breath; In Animals: liver injury; narcosis

Eyes, skin, central nervous system, liver

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

LC50 (rat) = 2,690 ppm/6h

LD50 Rat oral 3730 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 5660 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral >3200 mg/kg

LC50 Rats inhalation 2690 ppm/ 6hr

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... The aspiration hazard of dipropyl ketone on SD albino rats /was studied at a dose of/ 1 mL/kg bw. ... Six of seven animals died within the next 24 hours. The lungs showed from 25 to 50% congestion with only a very small amount of focal hemorrhage in the lobes. Two out of seven animals had blood clots at the base of their hearts.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When dipropyl ketone was applied to the eyes of rabbits, only slight irritation was observed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Single applications of dipropyl ketone to the skin of guinea pigs or rabbits produced slight irritation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Respiratory depression to 50% of the normal frequency has been reported in rats exposed to a concentration of 1098 ppm.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Dipropyl ketone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dipropyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, raw and blown oils, resins, and polymers and in the production of lacquers and flavoring may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates dipropyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase dipropyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days. The maximum UV absorption of dipropyl ketone occurs near 280 nm, and the absorption spectrum is expected to extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, this substance may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, dipropyl ketone is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 178. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Dipropyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Limited biodegradation data are available for dipropyl ketone; however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation. If released into water, dipropyl ketone is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 hours and 5.4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 9.7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to dipropyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dipropyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dipropyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing dipropyl ketone. (SRC)

Dipropyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, raw and blown oils, resins, and polymers and in the production of lacquers and flavoring(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 178(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.04(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dipropyl ketone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dipropyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(4), and water solubility, 3.19X10+3 mg/L (5). Dipropyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Limited biodegradation data are available for dipropyl ketone(SRC, 2011); however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 178(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.04(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dipropyl ketone is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(5), and water soubility, 3.19X10+3 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 hours and 5.4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7),an estimated BCF of 9.7(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Limited biodegradation data are available for dipropyl ketone(SRC, 2011); however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dipropyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dipropyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The maximum UV absorption of dipropyl ketone occurs near 280 nm(4), and the absorption spectrum is expected to extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, this substance may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dipropyl ketone, present at 500 mg/L, in a Warburg repirometry flask containing 20 mL activated sludge suspension with a suspended solids concentration of 2,500 mg/L, reached 3.8% of the theoretical oxygen demand after 24 hours(1,2). Additional biodegradation data for dipropyl ketone were not located; however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dipropyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Dipropyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The maximum UV absorption of dipropyl ketone occurs near 280 nm(3), and the absorption spectrum is expected to extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, this substance may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Smog chamber tests were performed to study the reactivity of 4 ppm dipropyl ketone with 2 ppm NO(1). Reported measurements included a maximum time for NO2 production of 150 minutes, a maximum ozone oxidant production of approximately 0.3 ppm , an eye irritation response time of approximately 180 seconds, and formaldehyde production of approximately 0.2 ppm(1). Based on these results, dipropyl ketone was classified as having low to intermediate smog reactivity(1).

An estimated BCF of 9.7 was calculated in fish for dipropyl ketone(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.04(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of dipropyl ketone is estimated as 178(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.04(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dipropyl ketone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dipropyl ketone is estimated as 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), and water solubility, 3.19X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dipropyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.4 days(SRC). Dipropyl ketone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dipropyl ketone from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

One occurrence of dipropyl ketone was observed in chamber air during a study of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from the surface coatings of 44 furniture samples. The concentration was not specified(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: During a study of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds in human milk samples from five industrial US cities, dipropyl ketone was detected in one milk sample collected in Jersey City, NJ(1,2).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of dipropyl ketone is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Occupational exposure to dipropyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dipropyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dipropyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing dipropyl ketone. (SRC)

Dipropyl ketone was detected in 12.4% of 387 samples of expired air collected from 54 individuals in Chicago, IL with a reported geometric mean concentration of 0.074 ng/L(1). Dipropyl ketone was detected in 35 out of 46 composite samples from the US EPA 1982 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) repository. Dipropyl ketone was detected in samples corresponding to all age groups and geographic regions(2). The reported concentration of dipropyl ketone ranged from 27 to 1044 ng/mL (median = 188 ng/mL)in the urine of 51 healthy individuals and from 17 to 978 ng/mL (median = 179 ng/mL) in 92 diabetic patients(3). During a study of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds in human milk samples from five industrial US cities, dipropyl ketone was detected in one milk sample collected in Jersey City, NJ(4,5).

Dipropyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, raw and blown oils, resins, and polymers and in the production of lacquers and flavoring may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates dipropyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase dipropyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days. The maximum UV absorption of dipropyl ketone occurs near 280 nm, and the absorption spectrum is expected to extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, this substance may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, dipropyl ketone is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 178. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Dipropyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Limited biodegradation data are available for dipropyl ketone; however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation. If released into water, dipropyl ketone is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 hours and 5.4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 9.7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to dipropyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dipropyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dipropyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing dipropyl ketone. (SRC)

Dipropyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, raw and blown oils, resins, and polymers and in the production of lacquers and flavoring(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 178(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.04(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dipropyl ketone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dipropyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(4), and water solubility, 3.19X10+3 mg/L (5). Dipropyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Limited biodegradation data are available for dipropyl ketone(SRC, 2011); however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 178(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.04(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dipropyl ketone is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(5), and water soubility, 3.19X10+3 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 hours and 5.4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7),an estimated BCF of 9.7(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Limited biodegradation data are available for dipropyl ketone(SRC, 2011); however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dipropyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dipropyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The maximum UV absorption of dipropyl ketone occurs near 280 nm(4), and the absorption spectrum is expected to extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, this substance may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dipropyl ketone, present at 500 mg/L, in a Warburg repirometry flask containing 20 mL activated sludge suspension with a suspended solids concentration of 2,500 mg/L, reached 3.8% of the theoretical oxygen demand after 24 hours(1,2). Additional biodegradation data for dipropyl ketone were not located; however, as a group n-alkyl ketones are reported to be susceptible to microbial degradation(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dipropyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Dipropyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The maximum UV absorption of dipropyl ketone occurs near 280 nm(3), and the absorption spectrum is expected to extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, this substance may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Smog chamber tests were performed to study the reactivity of 4 ppm dipropyl ketone with 2 ppm NO(1). Reported measurements included a maximum time for NO2 production of 150 minutes, a maximum ozone oxidant production of approximately 0.3 ppm , an eye irritation response time of approximately 180 seconds, and formaldehyde production of approximately 0.2 ppm(1). Based on these results, dipropyl ketone was classified as having low to intermediate smog reactivity(1).

An estimated BCF of 9.7 was calculated in fish for dipropyl ketone(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.04(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of dipropyl ketone is estimated as 178(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.04(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dipropyl ketone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dipropyl ketone is estimated as 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), and water solubility, 3.19X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dipropyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.4 days(SRC). Dipropyl ketone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dipropyl ketone from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

One occurrence of dipropyl ketone was observed in chamber air during a study of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from the surface coatings of 44 furniture samples. The concentration was not specified(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: During a study of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds in human milk samples from five industrial US cities, dipropyl ketone was detected in one milk sample collected in Jersey City, NJ(1,2).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of dipropyl ketone is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Occupational exposure to dipropyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dipropyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dipropyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing dipropyl ketone. (SRC)

Dipropyl ketone was detected in 12.4% of 387 samples of expired air collected from 54 individuals in Chicago, IL with a reported geometric mean concentration of 0.074 ng/L(1). Dipropyl ketone was detected in 35 out of 46 composite samples from the US EPA 1982 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) repository. Dipropyl ketone was detected in samples corresponding to all age groups and geographic regions(2). The reported concentration of dipropyl ketone ranged from 27 to 1044 ng/mL (median = 188 ng/mL)in the urine of 51 healthy individuals and from 17 to 978 ng/mL (median = 179 ng/mL) in 92 diabetic patients(3). During a study of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds in human milk samples from five industrial US cities, dipropyl ketone was detected in one milk sample collected in Jersey City, NJ(4,5).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Dipropyl ketone (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xn; R: 10-20; S: (2)-24/25

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III