Diacetone Alcohol

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1556) of reports.

H226 (32.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319 (99.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (31.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361d (16.5%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1556 reports by companies from 53 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1556 reports by companies.

There are 52 notifications provided by 1555 of 1556 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diacetone alcohol:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

ALCOHOL FOAM, FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL ... .

Wear goggles & self contained breathing apparatus. Water may be ineffective.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent. Carefully collect remainder.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from acids, bases, amines and oxidants.

... MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED ... INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... .

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

20.0 [ppm]

40 [ppm]

540 [ppm]

2100 [ppm]

50 ppm (240 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (240 mg/m3)

50.0 [ppm]

1800 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

1800.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: It has been reported that eye irritation appeared in volunteers exposed for 15 minutes at 100 ppm [Silverman et al. 1946].

1800 ppm [Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.]

1800 ppm

1800 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 123422

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

50 ppm as TWA.

50 ppm [1979]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Diacetone alcohol is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a deactivator or a solvent for formulations used before crop emerges from soil in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diacetone alcohol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Diacetone alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point below 141 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a faint, minty odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a faint, minty odor.

COLORLESS LIQUID

Colorless liquid.

Faint, minty odor.

FAINT PLEASANT ODOR

Minty odor

328 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

167.9 °C AT 760 MM HG; 108.2 °C AT 100 MM HG; 72.0 °C AT 20 MM HG; 58.8 °C AT 10 MM HG; 22.0 °C AT 1.0 MM HG

164.00 to 166.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

169-171 °C

167.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-45 °F (USCG, 1999)

125 °F (USCG, 1999)

66 °C (OPEN CUP); COMMERCIAL GRADE IS 8 °C (CLOSED CUP) & 13 °C (OPEN CUP)

58 °C c.c.

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

MISCIBLE WITH WATER, ALCOHOL, ETHER, OTHER SOLVENTS

Water solubility of 1.0X10+6 mg/l

1000 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

0.938 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9306 @ 25 °C/4 °C (0.940 FOR TECHNICAL GRADE)

PERCENT IN SATURATED AIR: 0.13 (20 °C); DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.005 (AIR= 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.93

0.9306 @ 20°C

4.0 (AIR= 1.00)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.0

3.62 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

1.71 [mmHg]

0.97 MM HG AT 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.108

1.1 [mm Hg] @20 °C

-0.14 - 1.03 (calculated)

DECOMPOSED BY PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO ALKALIS & BY DISTILLATION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

BECOMES YELLOWISH ON STANDING; UNLESS NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ALKALINE WILL DECOMPOSE TO ACETONE

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water, [Merck 11th ed., 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid, [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73(1967); J, Org. Chem. 28:1893(1963)]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites, [NFPA 491 M, 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence, [Wischmeyer(1969)].

Strong oxidizers, strong alkalis.

Strong oxidizers, strong alkalis

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Dry skin. MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; corneal damage; In Animals: narcosis, liver damage

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LCLo (rat) = 1,000 ppm/4h

Estimated lethal dose for man is 30 g.

LD50 Rat oral 4.0 g/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 933 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit /dermal/ 14.5 ml/kg

... High concn of vapor produce ... /CNS depression/ & systemic injury. ...

A 59 year old man developed a nephrotic syndrome 40 days after hydrocarbon (diacetone alcohol & ethanol point solvents) exposure of 3 day duration. Renal biopsy gave evidence of a subacute proliferative glomerulonephritis. A lasting remission was obtained with immunosuppressive therapy.

... Prolonged contact may defat skin & cause dermatitis. ... Death may result from resp failure due to depression of resp center. Additional effects are renal & hepatic injury & decr blood pressure.

If spilled on clothing & allowed to remain, may cause smarting & reddening of skin.

/Diacetone alcohol/ ... at higher concentrations ... causes excitement and sleepiness. Prolonged exposure may result in liver and kidney damage and in blood changes.

DESTRUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES WITH REDUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN WAS OBSERVED /IN RATS/ FOR 4 OR 5 DAYS AFTER /ORAL/ ADMIN OF 2 ML/KG ... IN 1 CASE ... HEMOGLOBIN FELL FROM 90 TO 73%, & THE ERYTHROCYTES FROM 5.35 MILLIONS TO 4.60 ON THE 4TH DAY, BOTH RETURNING TO APPROXIMATELY NORMAL LEVELS ON THE 6TH DAY. MAX INJURY OF LIVER OF RATS WAS OBSERVED 24 HR AFTER ADMIN BY STOMACH TUBE OF 2 ML/KG ... /ALTHOUGH/ INCR OF LYMPHOCYTES IN ... PORTAL SPACES & SLIGHT VACUOLIZATION OF HEPATIC CELLS ... /WERE/ EVIDENT AT 6 HR. ... RECOVERY BEGAN AT 48 HR ... & AT 14 DAYS PRACTICALLY NORMAL, THOUGH NESTS OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS WERE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT LOBULES ... .

... IV INJECTIONS ... INTO MICE INDUCED ... /SRP: CNS DEPRESSION/ MORE RAPIDLY THAN ACETONE & ... WAS ABOUT TWICE AS TOXIC AS ACETONE. FOLLOWING IV, IM, OR ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO RABBITS ... /IT/ DEPRESSED RESPIRATION MARKEDLY, DECREASED BLOOD PRESSURE & INDUCED ... /CNS DEPRESSION/ LEADING TO DEATH FROM RESPIRATORY FAILURE.

MICE, RATS, RABBITS & CATS SUBJECTED FOR 1 TO 3 HR TO ATMOSPHERE CONTAINING 2100 PPM (10 MG/L) OF ... VAPORS MANIFESTED RESTLESSNESS ... IRRITATION, CORYZA ... EXCITATION, THEN SLEEPINESS. KIDNEY INJURY OCCURRED IN RABBITS.

... Two ml/kg given orally produced transient liver damage in rats & 4 ml/kg ... /was lethal/. Single /oral/ doses of 2.4 to 4.0 ml/kg produced ... /SRP: CNS depression/ in rabbits, & 5 mg/kg killed the animals. ... IV injections of 1.0 to 1.5 ml/kg produced ... /SRP: CNS depression/ & 3.25 mg/kg was ... /lethal to rabbits/. Renal effects were seen in rats ingesting 40 mg/kg/day ... in drinking water for 30 days. No effects were seen in rats ingesting 10 mg/kg/day. Oral admin of 2 ml daily for 12 days produced ... /SRP: CNS depression/, kidney damage, & death in 3 of 4 rabbits. Repeated sc injections of 0.08 ml ... produced ... /SRP: CNS depression/ followed by recovery in rats.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus 420 ppm/96 hr (static bioassay in fresh water at 23 °C, mild aeration applied after 24 hr).

LC50 Menidia beryllina 420 ppm/96 hr (static bioassay in synthetic sea water at 23 °C, mild aeration applied after 24 hr).

LD50 Goldfish > 5000 mg/l/24 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as a solvent, additive or synthetic intermediate for many materials. If released to soil, it will be expected to exhibit very high mobility, based upon the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water and an estimated Koc of 21. The compound may, therefore, leach through soil. Although no data were located regarding its biodegradation in environmental media, the compound may be subject to biodegradation in soil based upon results observed in laboratory biodegradation aqueous aerobic screening tests. It should not be subject to volatilization from moist near-surface soil based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. However, it may volatilize from dry near-surface soil and other dry surfaces based upon its vapor pressure of 1.71 mm Hg at 25 °C. If released to water, it will not be expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter or expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon its estimated Koc and estimated BCF of 0.50, respectively. The compound may be subject to biodegradation in natural waters based upon results observed in laboratory aqueous aerobic biodegradation screening tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculum. It should not be subject to volatilization from surface waters based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant. Hydrolysis should not be an important removal process since aliphatic alcohols and ketones (the two functional groups that 4-hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone contains) generally are resistant to hydrolysis. If released to the atmosphere, it can be expected to exist mainly in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based upon its vapor pressure. The estimated atmospheric half-life for vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals half-life is 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. 4-Hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere based upon its possible absorption of light at wavelenghts > 290 nm. Based upon its high water solubility, the compound may be susceptible to removal from the atmosphere by washout. Human exposure will occur via ingestion of drinking water contaminated with the compound and ingestion of foods contaminated with the compound due to contact with acetone containing paints. (SRC)

It is the toxic principle in Stipa Vaseyi, commonly known as sleepy grass.

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be released as a result of its manufacture and use as a solvent for many materials including but not limited to lacquers, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, epoxy resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, dyestuffs, inks, various oils, waxes, fats, tars, wood preservatives, and pesticides(1-4); and its use in textile printing, fuel additives, antifreeze mixtures, and ink removal(1-4). It has been used in hydraulic fluids(1), as a pharmaceutical preparation preservative(2), and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, inhibitors, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to soil, it will be expected to exhibit very high mobility(1), based upon the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water(2) and an estimated Koc of 21 calculated(3,SRC) from a measured log Kow(4). The compound may, therefore, leach through soil to groundwater if it does not biodegrade first(SRC). It may be subject to biodegradation in soil based upon results observed in laboratory biodegradation aqueous aerobic screening tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculums(5,6) provided suitably acclimated microbial populations are present(7,SRC). It should not be subject to volatilization from moist near surface soil based upon(3,SRC) an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(9,SRC). However, it may volatilize from dry near-surface soil and other dry surfaces based upon its vapor pressure of 1.71 mm Hg at 25 °C(8).

AQUATIC FATE: If 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to water, it will not be expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter or to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon its estimated Koc and BCF, respectively, calculated(1,SRC) from the measured log Kow(2), and its high solubility in water(3). Although no data were found regarding biodegradation in environmental media, the compound may be subject to biodegradation in natural waters based upon results observed in laboratory aqueous aerobic biodegradation screening tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculums(4,5) provided suitably acclimated microbial populations are present(6,SRC). It should not be subject to volatilization from surface waters based upon(1,SRC) an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(7,SRC) Hydrolysis should not be an important removal process since aliphatic alcohols and ketones (the two functional groups that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone contains) generally are resistant to hydrolysis(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to the atmosphere, it can be expected to exist mainly in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(1,SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 1.71 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). The estimated rate constant for vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.34X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere(SRC) based upon its possible absorption(SRC) of light at wavelengths >290 nm(4). Based upon its high water solubility(5), the compound may be susceptible to removal from the atmosphere by washout(SRC).

Two sets of tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculum gave percent theoretical BOD of 47%(1) and 46%(2) after 5 days for 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone under aerobic conditions(1,2). A percent theoretical BOD of 3% was observed after 5 days in screening tests using the standard dilution technique under aerobic conditions and effluent sewage from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant as inoculum; 31% theoretical BOD was observed after 5 days using adapted effluent sewage(3). No information regarding biodegradation in natural media was found(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 1.34X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be susceptible to direct sunlight photolysis(SRC) because it may absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(SRC); the compound has a weak absorption maximum of light at a wavelength of 282 nm in ethyl alcohol solution(2) which may extend into the environmentally important wavelengths (>290 nm)(SRC). For certain ketones, however, this absorption maximum is shifted to lower wavelengths in water solutions (eg, acetone has an absorption maximum at 279 nm in hexane solution and at 264.5 nm in water solution(3)). This suggests that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in water solution may not absorb light at wavelengths >290 and may not, therefore, be susceptible to direct photolysis in surface waters(SRC).

Photochemical smog studies results placed 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the high reactivity category in relation to maximum oxidant formation, intermediate reactivity category in relation to NO2 maximum times, and low reactivity category in relation to formaldehyde formation and eye response times(1). Hydrolysis should not be an important removal process since aliphatic alcohols and ketones (the two functional groups that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone contains) generally are resistant to hydrolysis(2).

An estimated BCF of 0.50 can be calculated(SRC) from an estimated log Kow of -0.098(2) using a recommended regression equation(1). Based upon the estimated BCF and the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water(3), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will not be expected to significantly bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

An estimated Koc of 21 can be calculated(SRC) from an estimated log Kow of -0.098(2) using a recommended regression equation(1). Based upon the estimated Koc and the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water(3), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will not be expected to strongly adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter(4,SRC). It will be expected to exhibit very high mobility in soil(4), and therefore, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may leach through soil to groundwater if it does not volatilize or biodegrade first(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has been estimated to be 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(1,SRC). Based upon this value for the Henry's Law constant, volatilization of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from surface water will not be expected to be an important transport process(2,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone was qualitatively detected in 3 of 16 samples of drinking water concentrate derived from large volume (>400 gallons) samples from 3 of 7 cities (New Orleans, LA, Jan 1976; Philadelphia, PA, Feb 1976; and Seattle, WA, Nov 1976(1). It was qualitatively detected in one raw drinking water source (a river) out of 13 raw water sources in the U.K. (including 3 groundwater supplies, 7 rivers, and 3 reservoirs); it was not detected (detection limit not specified) in the treated drinking water from this or any of the other 12 U.K. water sources studied(2).

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus 420 ppm/96 hr (static bioassay in fresh water at 23 °C, mild aeration applied after 24 hr).

LC50 Menidia beryllina 420 ppm/96 hr (static bioassay in synthetic sea water at 23 °C, mild aeration applied after 24 hr).

LD50 Goldfish > 5000 mg/l/24 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as a solvent, additive or synthetic intermediate for many materials. If released to soil, it will be expected to exhibit very high mobility, based upon the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water and an estimated Koc of 21. The compound may, therefore, leach through soil. Although no data were located regarding its biodegradation in environmental media, the compound may be subject to biodegradation in soil based upon results observed in laboratory biodegradation aqueous aerobic screening tests. It should not be subject to volatilization from moist near-surface soil based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. However, it may volatilize from dry near-surface soil and other dry surfaces based upon its vapor pressure of 1.71 mm Hg at 25 °C. If released to water, it will not be expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter or expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon its estimated Koc and estimated BCF of 0.50, respectively. The compound may be subject to biodegradation in natural waters based upon results observed in laboratory aqueous aerobic biodegradation screening tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculum. It should not be subject to volatilization from surface waters based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant. Hydrolysis should not be an important removal process since aliphatic alcohols and ketones (the two functional groups that 4-hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone contains) generally are resistant to hydrolysis. If released to the atmosphere, it can be expected to exist mainly in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based upon its vapor pressure. The estimated atmospheric half-life for vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals half-life is 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. 4-Hydroxyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere based upon its possible absorption of light at wavelenghts > 290 nm. Based upon its high water solubility, the compound may be susceptible to removal from the atmosphere by washout. Human exposure will occur via ingestion of drinking water contaminated with the compound and ingestion of foods contaminated with the compound due to contact with acetone containing paints. (SRC)

It is the toxic principle in Stipa Vaseyi, commonly known as sleepy grass.

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be released as a result of its manufacture and use as a solvent for many materials including but not limited to lacquers, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, epoxy resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, dyestuffs, inks, various oils, waxes, fats, tars, wood preservatives, and pesticides(1-4); and its use in textile printing, fuel additives, antifreeze mixtures, and ink removal(1-4). It has been used in hydraulic fluids(1), as a pharmaceutical preparation preservative(2), and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, inhibitors, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to soil, it will be expected to exhibit very high mobility(1), based upon the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water(2) and an estimated Koc of 21 calculated(3,SRC) from a measured log Kow(4). The compound may, therefore, leach through soil to groundwater if it does not biodegrade first(SRC). It may be subject to biodegradation in soil based upon results observed in laboratory biodegradation aqueous aerobic screening tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculums(5,6) provided suitably acclimated microbial populations are present(7,SRC). It should not be subject to volatilization from moist near surface soil based upon(3,SRC) an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(9,SRC). However, it may volatilize from dry near-surface soil and other dry surfaces based upon its vapor pressure of 1.71 mm Hg at 25 °C(8).

AQUATIC FATE: If 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to water, it will not be expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter or to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon its estimated Koc and BCF, respectively, calculated(1,SRC) from the measured log Kow(2), and its high solubility in water(3). Although no data were found regarding biodegradation in environmental media, the compound may be subject to biodegradation in natural waters based upon results observed in laboratory aqueous aerobic biodegradation screening tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculums(4,5) provided suitably acclimated microbial populations are present(6,SRC). It should not be subject to volatilization from surface waters based upon(1,SRC) an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(7,SRC) Hydrolysis should not be an important removal process since aliphatic alcohols and ketones (the two functional groups that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone contains) generally are resistant to hydrolysis(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to the atmosphere, it can be expected to exist mainly in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(1,SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 1.71 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). The estimated rate constant for vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.34X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere(SRC) based upon its possible absorption(SRC) of light at wavelengths >290 nm(4). Based upon its high water solubility(5), the compound may be susceptible to removal from the atmosphere by washout(SRC).

Two sets of tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculum gave percent theoretical BOD of 47%(1) and 46%(2) after 5 days for 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone under aerobic conditions(1,2). A percent theoretical BOD of 3% was observed after 5 days in screening tests using the standard dilution technique under aerobic conditions and effluent sewage from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant as inoculum; 31% theoretical BOD was observed after 5 days using adapted effluent sewage(3). No information regarding biodegradation in natural media was found(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 1.34X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be susceptible to direct sunlight photolysis(SRC) because it may absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(SRC); the compound has a weak absorption maximum of light at a wavelength of 282 nm in ethyl alcohol solution(2) which may extend into the environmentally important wavelengths (>290 nm)(SRC). For certain ketones, however, this absorption maximum is shifted to lower wavelengths in water solutions (eg, acetone has an absorption maximum at 279 nm in hexane solution and at 264.5 nm in water solution(3)). This suggests that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in water solution may not absorb light at wavelengths >290 and may not, therefore, be susceptible to direct photolysis in surface waters(SRC).

Photochemical smog studies results placed 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the high reactivity category in relation to maximum oxidant formation, intermediate reactivity category in relation to NO2 maximum times, and low reactivity category in relation to formaldehyde formation and eye response times(1). Hydrolysis should not be an important removal process since aliphatic alcohols and ketones (the two functional groups that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone contains) generally are resistant to hydrolysis(2).

An estimated BCF of 0.50 can be calculated(SRC) from an estimated log Kow of -0.098(2) using a recommended regression equation(1). Based upon the estimated BCF and the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water(3), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will not be expected to significantly bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

An estimated Koc of 21 can be calculated(SRC) from an estimated log Kow of -0.098(2) using a recommended regression equation(1). Based upon the estimated Koc and the reported infinite solubility of the compound in water(3), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will not be expected to strongly adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter(4,SRC). It will be expected to exhibit very high mobility in soil(4), and therefore, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may leach through soil to groundwater if it does not volatilize or biodegrade first(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has been estimated to be 4.24X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(1,SRC). Based upon this value for the Henry's Law constant, volatilization of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from surface water will not be expected to be an important transport process(2,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone was qualitatively detected in 3 of 16 samples of drinking water concentrate derived from large volume (>400 gallons) samples from 3 of 7 cities (New Orleans, LA, Jan 1976; Philadelphia, PA, Feb 1976; and Seattle, WA, Nov 1976(1). It was qualitatively detected in one raw drinking water source (a river) out of 13 raw water sources in the U.K. (including 3 groundwater supplies, 7 rivers, and 3 reservoirs); it was not detected (detection limit not specified) in the treated drinking water from this or any of the other 12 U.K. water sources studied(2).

SURFACE WATER: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone was qualitatively detected in samples of surface water taken from the St. Joseph River, a tributary of Lake Michigan(1). Trace amounts (defined as generally <1 ng/L) have been detected in samples of water from the lower reaches of the River Lee, a water supply for North London(2).

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone was qualitatively detected in 2 out of >4000 samples of effluent from 2 of 46 industrial categories (organics and plastics manufacture and rubber processing)(1). It was qualitatively detected in 4 of 16 samples of concentrate derived from large volume (>400 gallons) samples of advanced treatment concentrate from 4 of 6 cities (Lake Tahoe, CA, Oct 1974; Pomona, CA, Sept 1974; Orange County, CA, Feb 1976; and Blue Plains, Washington, DC, May 1975)(2). The compound was detected in samples of water from landfill monitoring well in New Castle, DE at concn of 2,900 ppm(3). It was qualitatively detected in a petrochemical plant wastewater stream which emptied into the Calcasieu River, LA(4). The compound was detected at an estimated concn of 10.9 ppb in groundwater from a landfill well near Norman, OK (concn was estimated by comparing gas chromatography peak heights of samples with that obtained for know concn of the compound)(5).

It was detected at a concn of 20 ppb in the effluent for the Los Angeles County wastewater treatment plant between Nov 1980 and Aug 1981(1). The compound was qualitatively detected in the final effluent from the Addison, IL publicly-owned treatment works sampled in April 1980; it was not detected (detection limit not specified) in the final effluent from seven other publicly-owned treatment works, a refinery and an industrial plant in Illinois sampled between Feb and June 1980(2). It was qualitatively found in trench leachate from low level radioactive waste sites at Maxey Flats, KY and/or West Valley, NY(3). The compound was found in spent chlorination liquor from bleaching of sulfite pulp at normal lignin content after oxygen treatment at a concn of 1 g/ton of pulp, at 9 g/ton pulp in spent chlorination liquor from bleaching of sulfite pulp at normal lignin content after oxygen and alkali treatments and at 0.3 g/ton in spent chlorination liquor from bleaching of sulfite pulp at high lignin content(4).

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone was qualitatively detected in sediment from one of two sites located midchannel in Tobin Lake, Nipawin, Saskatchewan, Canada(1).

4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has been qualitatively detected in foodstuffs exposed to acetone: meat carcasses exposed to surfaces that were freshly painted with acetone containing paints and vegetables and seeds which were extracted with acetone(1).

Occupational exposure ... is most likely ... by inhalation & skin contact.

Exposure to 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will occur via ingestion of drinking water contaminated with the compound(1,2,SRC) and ingestion of foods contaminated with the compound due to contact with surfaces that were freshly painted with acetone containing paints(3,SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 225,328 workers are potentially exposed to 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 978,524 workers are potentially exposed to the compound in the USA(2). The time weighted avg concn of the compound found in the breathing zone of workers in a screen printing plant in various job sites were as follows (avg of 12-19 samples each): 14 ppm in printing press, 3.5 ppm in automatic dryer, 12 ppm in manual drying, 2.8 ppm in paint mixing, and 6.8 ppm in screen wash(3). The concn were somewhat lower in the general air of most of the work areas than in the breathing zone air except in the automatic and manual dryer areas(3). The time weighted avg concn of the compound found in the general area of workers in the screen printing plant were as follows (avg of 6-10 samples each): 9 ppm in printing press area, 4.8 ppm in automatic dryer area, 12.5 ppm in manual drying area, 1.8 ppm in paint mixing area, and 4.5 ppm in screen wash area(3). The overall avg concn found in the general air of the plant was 3.2 ppm(3).

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1148; DIACETONE ALCOHOL

IMO 3.2; DIACETONE ALCOHOL

49 091 49; Diacetone alcohol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xi; R: 36; S: (2)-24/25

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III