Propionic anhydride

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (34.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 390 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention. Keep rinsing during transport for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

INHALATION: move victim to fresh air; if breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration.

EYES: immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min.; get medical attention.

SKIN: immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min.

INGESTION: give large amount of water, do NOT induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Hazardous reactions may be avoided by using large quantities of water to solubilize the anhydride & fully absorb the heat of reaction.

If material on fire or involved in a fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus, face shield and protective gloves. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spill or leak procedures: Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Neutralize spill and washings with soda ash or lime.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (Cao), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Where hazardous chemicals as defined by the OSHA laboratory standard are used in the workplace, the employer shall develop and carry out the provisions of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan ... The Chemical Hygiene Plan /must/ include each of the following elements ...; Standard operating procedures relevant to safety and health considerations to be followed when laboratory work involves the use of hazardous chemicals; Criteria that the employer will use to determine and implement control measures to reduce employee exposure to hazardous chemicals including engineering controls, the use of personal protective equipment and hygiene practices; ... ; A requirement that fume hoods and other protective equipment are functioning properly and specific measures .../to/ be taken to ensure ... performance of such equipment; Provisions for employee information and training ... The circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation, procedure or activity shall require prior approval from the employer or the employer's designee before implementation; Provisions for medical consultation and medical examinations ... ; Designation of personnel responsible for implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan including the assignment of a Chemical Hygiene Officer, and, if appropriate, establishment of a Chemical Hygiene Committee; and Provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous substances. These include "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins and substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity.

The following provisions /of the OSHA laboratory standard/ ... apply to chemical substances developed in the laboratory: If the composition of the chemical substance which is produced exclusively for the laboratory's use is known, the employer shall determine if it is a hazardous chemical ... . /and/ ... provide appropriate training ... . If the chemical produced is a byproduct whose composition is not known, the employer /must/ assume that the substance is hazardous ... . If the chemical substance is produced for another user outside of the laboratory, the employer /must/ comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) including the requirements for preparation of material safety data sheets and labeling.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Dry. Ventilation along the floor. Separated from bases, oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store only in original container.

Separated from acids, bases, oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Dry. Ventilation along the floor.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from heat & oxidizing materials. Exclude moisture from vapor space in storage tank.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

7.1 [mg/m3]

78 [mg/m3]

470 [mg/m3]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest.

Repeated or chronic inhalation of the vapour may cause chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The substance may have effects on the lungs. This may result in bronchitis.

Organic canister mask; goggles or face shield; rubber gloves (USCG, 1999)

Where the use of respirators is necessary to maintain exposure below permissible exposure limits, the employer /must/ provide ... the proper respiratory equipment. ...selected and used in accordance with the requirements of /OSHA's respirator standard/ 29 CFR 1910.134.

/When working in contact with org acid anhydrides/ ... Suitable personal protective equipment should be worn ... Suitable eye protection equipment & respiratory protective equipment are necessary. /organic acid anhydrides/

NO open flames. Above 63 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Propionic anhydride is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 165 °F. Density 8.4 lb /gal. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

Colorless liquid with a pungent odor; [Hawley]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

Very rancid odor

Pungent odor

336 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

167 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-45 °F (USCG, 1999)

145 °F (USCG, 1999)

165 °F (74 °C) (Open Cup)

145 °F (63 °C) (Closed Cup)

63 °C c.c.

Decomposed by water; soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether and chloroform

Soluble in alkalies

Miscible with ether; slightly soluble in carbon tetraachloride

Solubility in water: reaction

1.01 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.011 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.01

1.012 @25 °C

4.49 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.5

1.36 [mmHg]

VP: 1 mm Hg at 20.6 °C

1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.1

1 [mm Hg] @20.6 °C

545 °F (USCG, 1999)

285 °C (545 °F)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

1.144 cP at 20 °C; 0.978 cP at 30 °C; 0853 cP at 40 °C; 0.7511 cP at 50 °C

Index of refraction: 1.4038 at 20 °C/D ; 1.4041 at 17 °C/D

Specific gravity: 1.0336 at 0 °C/4 °C; 1.0169 at 15 °C/4 °C; 1.0125 at 20 °C/4 °C; 0.98974 at 40 °C/4 °C; 0.97913 at 50 °C/4 °C

8.4 lb per gallon at 20 °C

Acentric factor

Boiling point

Chemical shift

Critical point

Dielectric constant

Decomposes exothermically in water to form a corrosive solution of propionic acid [Merck, 11th ed. 1989].

Anhydrides

Water-Reactive

PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE reacts exothermically with water. The reactions are sometimes slow, but can become violent when local heating accelerates their rate. Acids accelerate the reaction with water. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines, and bases.

The substance decomposes on contact with water producing corrosive propionic acid. Reacts violently with acids, bases and oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Rabbit skin 10,000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 2360 mg/kg

First aid: Inhalation exposure: Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration if indicated. Refer for medical attention. Skin exposure: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Eye exposure: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. Ingestion exposure: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water to drink. Refer for medical attention. /from table/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

Physician's written opinion. For examination or consultation required under /the OSHA laboratory/ standard, the employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician which shall include the following: Any recommendation for further medical follow-up; the results of the medical examination and any associated tests; any medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the examination which may place the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous workplace; and a statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment. The written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Physiological effects /of acid anhydrides/ generally resemble those of corresponding acids, but they are more potent eye irritants in vapor phase, and may produce chronic conjunctivitis. They are slowly hydrolyzed on contact with body tissues and may occasionally cause sensitization. /Organic acid anhydrides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion causes burns of the mouth and stomach.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Inhalation of vapor or aerosol may cause lung edema. The effects may be delayed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Breathing air saturated with vapor for more than 1 hr produced deaths in rats.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rated 8 on rabbit eyes. /substances are rated on a scale of 1 to 10 according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr. The most severe injuries are rated 10/

Propionic anhydride's production and use as an esterifying agent for perfume oils, fats, cellulose, alkylated resins, dyestuffs, drugs and as a dehydrating agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propionic anhydride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionic anhydride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 days. Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate. Acid anhydrides react with water to form the corresponding acid. Propionic anhydride is expected to hydrolyze rapidly with estimated half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes, at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Biodegradation, adsorption, bioconcentration and volatilization from moist soil or water surfaces are not expected to be important fate processes due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride. However, propionic anhydride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C. Occupational exposure to propionic anhydride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionic anhydride is produced or used. (SRC)

Propionic anhydride's production and use as an esterifying agent for perfume oils, fats, cellulose, alkylated resins, dyestuffs, drugs and as a dehydrating agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, were estimated for propionic anhydride(1). Because of this rapid hydrolysis rate, biodegradation and volatilization from moist soil surfaces are not expected to be important terrestrial fate processes(SRC). Propionic anhydride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, were estimated for propionic anhydride(1). Because of this rapid hydrolysis rate, biodegradation, bioconcentration and volatilization from water surfaces are not expected to be important aquatic fate processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propionic anhydride, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionic anhydride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate(SRC).

Biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride under aqueous conditions(1-2). Propionic anhydride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 83% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3), however it is believed that this biodegradation measurement was of the acid(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propionic anhydride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1X10+4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate(SRC).

Bioconcentration of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmental fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis to propionic acid under aqueous conditions(1-2).

Soil adsorption and mobility of propionic anhydride are not expected to be important environmental fate processes due to the rapid hydrolysis to propionic acid under aqueous conditions(1-2).

Volatilization from water surfaces or moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride under aqueous conditions(1-2). Propionic anhydride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for propionic anhydride is 1000 or greater persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 489 workers (32 of these were female) were potentially exposed to propionic anhydride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to propionic anhydride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionic anhydride is produced or used(SRC).

Propionic anhydride's production and use as an esterifying agent for perfume oils, fats, cellulose, alkylated resins, dyestuffs, drugs and as a dehydrating agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propionic anhydride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionic anhydride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 days. Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate. Acid anhydrides react with water to form the corresponding acid. Propionic anhydride is expected to hydrolyze rapidly with estimated half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes, at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Biodegradation, adsorption, bioconcentration and volatilization from moist soil or water surfaces are not expected to be important fate processes due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride. However, propionic anhydride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C. Occupational exposure to propionic anhydride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionic anhydride is produced or used. (SRC)

Propionic anhydride's production and use as an esterifying agent for perfume oils, fats, cellulose, alkylated resins, dyestuffs, drugs and as a dehydrating agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, were estimated for propionic anhydride(1). Because of this rapid hydrolysis rate, biodegradation and volatilization from moist soil surfaces are not expected to be important terrestrial fate processes(SRC). Propionic anhydride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, were estimated for propionic anhydride(1). Because of this rapid hydrolysis rate, biodegradation, bioconcentration and volatilization from water surfaces are not expected to be important aquatic fate processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propionic anhydride, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionic anhydride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate(SRC).

Biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride under aqueous conditions(1-2). Propionic anhydride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 83% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3), however it is believed that this biodegradation measurement was of the acid(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propionic anhydride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1X10+4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate(SRC).

Bioconcentration of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmental fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis to propionic acid under aqueous conditions(1-2).

Soil adsorption and mobility of propionic anhydride are not expected to be important environmental fate processes due to the rapid hydrolysis to propionic acid under aqueous conditions(1-2).

Volatilization from water surfaces or moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride under aqueous conditions(1-2). Propionic anhydride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for propionic anhydride is 1000 or greater persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 489 workers (32 of these were female) were potentially exposed to propionic anhydride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to propionic anhydride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionic anhydride is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2496; Propionic anhydride

IMO 8.0; Propionic anhydride

49 314 49; Propionic anhydride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Employers /must/ ensure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced. Employers /must/ maintain any material safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensure that they are readily accessible to laboratory employees.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III