Butanal

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (16.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2152 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting. Thus, the risk of increasing the medical problems by inducing vomiting of a volatile corrosive chemical is very high. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective but should be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

Flammable liquid. Forms explosive peroxides. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Contaminated wastewaters containing butyraldehyde are produced during the MFR of poly(vinyl butyral) and poly(vinyl formal ethylal). On tha basis of lab tests, a scheme for treating wastewater is recommended. After neutralization with sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide, the organic fraction is distilled from the wastewater and incinerated.

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Environmental considerations water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for butyraldehyde: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

Butyraldehyde is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The basic ventilation methods are local and exhaust ventilation and dilution or general ventilation.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

On contact with air butyraldehyde is oxidized readily to the butyric acids. Therefore, storage under inert gas is mandatory.

Store in cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials, amines, strong alkalies, acids, and other reactive hazards. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. Bulk storage should be blanketed with inert gas.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. ...Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored ina manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

9.0 [ppm]

140 [ppm]

820 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 25 ppm.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Protective goggles, gloves, and organic canister gas mask. (USCG, 1999)

Wear special protective clothing and positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Wear solvent-resistant gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ...All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing immediately if wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Butyraldehyde appears as a clear liquid with a pungent odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

A clear liquid with a pungent odor; [AIHA] Colorless liquid; [ICSC] Unpleasant rancid/sweet odor; [OECD SIDS]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

colourless, mobile liquid/pungent, nutty odour

Water-white liquid

Characteristic, pungent, aldehyde odor

167 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

74.00 to 75.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

74.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-146 °F (NTP, 1992)

-96.86 °C

20 °F (NTP, 1992)

-8 °F (-22 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

-12 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with ethanol, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, toluene, many other organic solvents andoils

Soluble in water; miscible with ethanol; very olubl ein acetone, benzene; slightly soluble in chloroform

In water, 7.10X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

71 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 7

soluble in 1 ml in 15 ml water; miscible with alcohol, ether

(in ethanol)

0.803 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8016 g/cu cm 20 °C

0.8 g/cm³

0.797-0.802

.802 @ 20°C

2.5 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.5 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.5

91.5 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

111.0 [mmHg]

111 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 12.2

111 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 0.88

Henry's Law constant = 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C

446 °F (USCG, 1999)

425 °F 218 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Aldehydes

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

A colorless liquid, BUTYRALDEHYDE can react with oxidizing materials. In contact with strong acids or bases it will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction. The dry aldehyde may undergo some polymerization reaction. Reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid (oleum). [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 607].

Incompatible with oxidizing materials.

Reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, /nitric acid/, oleum, /sulfuric acid/.

Butyraldehyde mixed with chlorosulfonic acid, 70% nitric acid, oleum, or 96% sulfuric acid in closed containers causes the temperature, and pressure to increase.

Mixing n-butyrlaldehyde and chlorosulfonic acid in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Butyraldehyde

D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides

Bretherick's

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Butyraldehyde

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 141

In prep.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 47,560 mg/m3/4hr

LD50 Rat oral 5.89 g/kg /5,890 mg/kg/

LC50 Rat inhalation 60,000 ppm/0.5 hr

LD50 Rat oral 2,490 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 800 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Consider chest x-ray following acute overexposure.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Three Asian subjects who reported experiencing severe facial flushing in response to ethanol ingestion were subjects of patch testing to aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes. An aqueous suspension of 75% (v/v) of each alcohol and aldehyde was prepared and 25 uL was used to saturate ashless grade filter paper squares which were then placed on the forearm of each subject. Patches were covered with Parafilm and left in place for 5 minutes when the patches were removed and the area gently blotted. Sites showing erythema during the next 60 minutes were considered positive. All three subjects displayed positive responses to ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl alcohols. Intense positive reactions, with variable amounts of edema, were observed for all the aldehydes tested (valeraldehyde as well as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May act as irritant, /SRP: CNS depressant/ ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May produce skin and eye burns after contact.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Butyraldehyde is extremely destructive of tissues of the mucosal membranes and upper respiratory tract, as well as of tissues of the eyes and skin. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation, and edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. Signs and symptoms of overexposure are a burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Medical conditions might be aggravated by continuous exposure.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The liquid applied as a drop to rabbit eyes proved ... damaging, graded 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 after twenty-four hours.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Respiration and heart beat were increased in male rabbits exposed to 10 to 20 ppm butylaldehyde.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Inhalation exposures to more than 6000 ppm produce bronchial and alveolar edema in rodents that can be fatal in some species...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/...Dermal or eye contact [in rodents] is moderately to severely irritating.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=123-72-8]

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 15000 cells/mL, UTEX 1648); Conditions: static, 24 °C, dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/L; Concentration: 23560 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 15000 cells/mL, UTEX 1648); Conditions: static, 24 °C, dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/L; Concentration: 1480 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased photosynthesis

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green algae order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 380000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 340000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 15000 cells/mL, UTEX 1648); Conditions: static, 24 °C, dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/L; Concentration: 23560 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 15000 cells/mL, UTEX 1648); Conditions: static, 24 °C, dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/L; Concentration: 1480 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased photosynthesis

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green algae order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 380000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 340000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Butyraldehyde's production and use in the manufacture of plasticizers, rubber accelerators, solvents and high polymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It has been reported in the essential oils from flowers, fruits, leaves, and bark of various plants. Microbial degradation processes can also emit butyraldehyde to the atmosphere. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 111 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates butyraldehyde will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase butyraldehyde will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hrs. The half-life for the reaction of butyraldehyde with nitrate radicals has been calculated as 2.9 days. Butyraldehyde absorbs solar radiation (> 290 nm); direct photooxidation products include carbon monoxide, ethene, ethanal and carbon dioxide. If released to soil, butyraldehyde is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 72. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Butyraldehyde may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Butyraldehyde is expected to biodegrade rapidly in soil and water, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A theoretical BOD of 100% in 2 weeks using an activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test, suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, butyraldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hrs and 5 days, respectively. Butyraldehyde will react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water with a half-life of about 200 days. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to butyraldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where butyraldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to butyraldehyde via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing butyraldehyde. (SRC)

REPORTED FOUND IN THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, FRUITS, LEAVES, OR BARK OF: MONARDA FISTULOSA, LITSEA CUBEBA, BULGARIAN CLARY SAGE, CAJEPUT, EUCALYPTUS CINEREA, EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, & OTHERS, AS WELL AS IN APPLE & STRAWBERRY AROMAS.

Microbial degradation processes and plant volatiles can emit butyraldehyde to the atmosphere(1). Butyraldehyde can also occur in trace amounts in tea leaves, certain oils, and coffee aroma(2). Butyraldehyde is emitted from blooming rape(3).

Butyraldehyde's production and use in the manufacture of plasticizers, rubber accelerators, solvents and high polymers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Butyraldehyde has been detected in emissions from fireplaces burning wood(2), and has been detected in gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions(3-5). Volatile emissions from poultry manure contain butyraldehyde(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 72(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butyraldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of butyraldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Butyraldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 111 mm Hg(5). A theoretical BOD of 100% in 2 weeks using an activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6), suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Under anaerobic conditions, butanal underwent 99% degradation (7 day lag period) using the Hungate serum bottle technique(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 72(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butyraldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). The rate constant for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water and butyraldehyde is 3.9X10+9 L/mole-sec(5); at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 mole/L of hydroxyl radicals(6), the half-life would be about 206 days(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A theoretical BOD of 100% in 2 weeks using an activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(9), suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).Under anaerobic conditions, butanal underwent 99% degradation (7 day lag period) using the Hungate serum bottle technique(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), butyraldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 111 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase butyraldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.35X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of butyraldehyde with nitrate radical has been experimentally determined to be 1.15X10-14 cu cm/sec(4), which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.9 days(SRC). Butyraldehyde absorbs solar radiation (> 290 nm); direct photooxidation products include carbon monoxide, ethene, ethanal and carbon dioxide(5).

AEROBIC: Butyraldehyde, present at 100 mg/L, reached 100% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). Butyraldehyde had a 5-day theoretical BOD of 28% using the AFNOR T test and an inoculum from 3 polluted surface waters(2). Using a sewage inocula and standard dilution water, butyraldehyde had a 5-day theoretical BOD of 43%(3). Theoretical BODs of 43.4, 59.8, and 68% were measured after 5, 10, and 50 days, respectively, using a sewage seed(4). A 5-day theoretical BOD of 106% was reported for a sewage inocula(5). Using an electrolytic respirometer and an activated sludge inocula, theoretical BODs of 46-57% were observed after 90-135 hr of incubation(6).

ANAEROBIC: Butyraldehyde underwent 99% degradation (7 day lag period) under anaerobic conditions using the Hungate serum bottle technique(1). Butyraldehyde degradation in an anaerobic reactor (after 52 days of acclimation) was 82%(1). Butyraldehyde is considered amendable to anaerobic biodegradation(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of butyraldehyde with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 2.35X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 16 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of butyraldehyde with nitrate radical has been experimentally determined to be 1.15X10-14 cu cm/sec(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.9 days at a concn of 2.4X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(2). Butyraldehyde absorbs solar radiation (> 290 nm); direct photooxidation products include carbon monoxide, ethene, ethanal and carbon dioxide(4). The rate constant for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water and butyraldehyde is 3.9X10+9 L/mole-sec(5); at an aquatic concentration of 1X10-17 mole/L of hydroxyl radicals(6), the half-life would be about 206 days(SRC). Butyraldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(7).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for butyraldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.88(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of butyraldehyde is estimated as 72(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.88(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that butyraldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for butyraldehyde is 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that butyraldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 9 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Butyraldehyde's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Butyraldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 111 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Butyraldehyde has reportedly been detected in drinking water samples collected in the US (concentration or locations not reported)(1).

SURFACE WATER: Butyraldehyde was detected not quantified in the Niagara River, which flows into Lake Ontario(1).

SEAWATER: Seawater samples collected from the Straits of Florida on Feb 27, 1968 contained butyraldehyde levels ranging from a trace (0.005 mg/L) to 0.048 mg/L(1).

RAIN/SNOW: Butyraldehyde levels of 0-0.52 ug/mL (mean 0.07 ug/mL) have been detected in cloud water collected from Henninger Flats, CA(1); levels of

A butyraldehyde concentration of 42 ppb was detected in an aqueous effluent from a coal gasification facility in Morgantown, WV(1). Butyraldehyde emission rates of 0.01-0.90 g/kg wood have been detected in emissions from fireplaces burning jack pine and red oak wood(2). Butyraldehyde was detected in 2 of 63 effluents (concn < 100 ppb) collected from chemical manufacturing plants across the US(3). The emission rate of butyraldehyde from particle board/carpet degassing is 0.047 mg/sq m-hr(4). Butyraldehyde was released as fireplace emissions at 80.22 and 22.48 mg/kg of fuel burnt for soft and hard wood, respectively(5). Butyraldehyde was found in emissions from a wood stove using hardwood at 36.49 mg/kg and using synthetic fuel at 9.06 mg/kg(5).

Butyraldehyde was identified, not quantified, in rush hour traffic air samples taken at the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Bridge toll plaza 4/23/2001, 5-7 pm, 4/24/2001, 6-10 am, and 3-7 pm(1). The emission rate of butyraldehyde in the gas-phase from medium duty diesel trucks is 1300 ug/km driven(2). Butyraldehyde was found in highway tunnels in Tuscarora; light duty trucks emitted 0.062 mg/km traveled or 0.916 mg/L fuel used, heavy duty trucks emitted 0.220 mg/km traveled or 0.693 mg/L fuel used(3). Butyraldehyde concentrations from automobile exhaust were 2.2-49 ppbv in models from 1971, 1975 and 1977(4). Butyraldehyde emissions from a two stroke engine (chainsaw) using aliphatic gasoline, regular gasoline, and ethanol were 0.045-0.077, 0.038-0.052, and 0.016-0.038 g/kWh, respectively(5). Using the same two stroke engine, emissions of butyraldehyde from aliphatic gasoline mixed with ethanol at 15, 50, and 85% were 0.045-0.076, 0.036-0.066, and 0.025-0.052 g/kWh, respectively, and regular gasoline mixed with ethanol at 15, 50, and 85% were 0.041-0.058, 0.037-0.073, and 0.026-0.052 g/kWh, respectively(5). Butyraldehyde emissions from an automobile running on Swedish environmental classified diesel fuel were 2.9 mg/km and the same automobile running on European program emissions fuel were 3.4 mg/km(6).

Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was measured in the emissions of gasoline powered motor vehicles at a rate of 370 ug/km and 31,000 ug/km for catalyst equipped engines and non-catalyst equipped engines(1). Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was given off six new vehicle interiors at an average of 19 ug/hr in new vehicles, 7.2 ug/hr in 20 day old vehicles and 7.2 ug/hr in 40 day old vehicles(2). Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was measured in the emissions of burnt wood at 96, 62, and 31 mg/kg of pine, oak, and eucalyptus, respectively(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The gas-phase concentration of butyraldehyde in ambient Los Angeles, CA air during photochemical pollution episodes (July-Oct 1980) ranged from 0 to 7 ppb with a median conc of about 1.5 ppb(1); particulate-phase conc during the same pollution episodes was 0 to 0.098 ug/cu m which was <1% total airborne concentration(1). Air sample collected from Claremont, CA in Sept 1985 contained butyraldehyde levels of 0.2 to 0.8 ppb(2); sampling was not conducted during any smog/pollution episodes, therefore, airborn levels were smaller than reported above(1-2). Butyraldehyde levels in Los Angeles, CA air in the fall of 1981 were 0-5 ppb(3). A field monitoring study along a highway in Raleigh, NC in May 1983 detected butyraldehyde levels of 2.88-7.29 ppb(4); the primary source of the butyraldehyde was considered to be exhaust from cars and trucks(4). The concentration of butyraldehyde in outdoor air near 4 residences during the winter of 1993 and 9 residences during the summer of 1993 from greater Boston, MA area were 0.26 ppb (range, 0.0-0.51 ppb) and 0.13 ppb (range, 0.0-0.58 ppb), respectively(5). Butyraldehyde was detected in 2471 of 2479 samples in urban/suburban and rural/remote locations throughout MN at concentrations of 0.011-3.41 ug/cu m(6).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Butyraldehyde, was detected at concentrations of 0.8-140 ug/cu m at Patission Street, Athens, Greece, sampled from June to December, 2000(1). Butyraldehyde was detected in the atmospheric samples taken half way between a petroleum chemical plant and the city of La Plata, Argentina at 19.80 ug/cu m and in the city at 16.99 ug/cu m, samples were taken Nov 1994(2). Butyraldehyde was detected at 0.16-0.39 ppbv in samples taken at the top of an 11 story building on the campus of Hong Kong University Science and Technology(3). Butyraldehyde was detected at 0.36 ppb in 4 of 13 Helsinki samples tested May to Sep 1997(4). Butyraldehyde was detected in Santiago, Chile atmospheric samples at 0.72-3.2 ppbv in Nov 2003(5). Butyraldehyde/isobutyraldehyde was detected at average concentrations of 0.190-1.062 ug/cu m in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Oct 1999 to Nov 2000(6).

RURAL/REMOTE: Butyraldehyde was detected at concentrations of 0.5-2.3 ug/cu m at Likovrisi, outside of Athens, Greece, during sampling from June to December, 2000(1).

INDOOR: The concentration of butyraldehyde in indoor air of 4 residences during the winter of 1993 and 9 residences during the summer of 1993 from greater Boston, MA area were 0.62 ppb (range, 0.37-0.98 ppb) and 0.56 ppb (range, 0.15-1.5 ppb), respectively(1). Butyraldehyde was found in 12 of 15 indoor residences at avg concentration of 0.68 ppb and 4 of 9 work places at avg concentration of 0.35 ppb in Helsinki samples tested May to Sep 1997(2). Butyraldehyde was detected but concentrations were not reported in the vehicles of 50 late shift patrol cars Aug 13 to Oct 11, 2001(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Butyraldehyde was detected in the atmospheric samples near a petroleum chemical and industrial plant at 42.68 ug/cu m inside and 102.26 ug/cu m outside, Nov 1994 in La Plata, Argentina(1). Butyraldehyde was detected in kitchen exhaust at concentrations of 2.38-9.81 ppbv(2).

Butyraldehyde has been detected not quantified as a volatile component of raw chicken breast muscle(1) and fried chicken(2).

Butyraldehyde was emitted from rape during the blooming period at a rate of 0.042-2.87 and 0.030-3.41 ppbv during May 8 and 9, 1998(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: Butyraldehyde was detected not quantified in 6 of 12 samples of human milk collected from volunteers in Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Bridgeville, PA, and Baton Rouge, LA(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,392 workers (950 of these were female) were potentially exposed to butyraldehyde in the US(1). Occupational exposure to butyraldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where butyraldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to butyraldehyde via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound(SRC).

Butyraldehyde was found in 10 of 15 personal air samples at a mean concentration of 0.68 ppb from samples taken in Helsinki, tested May to Sep 1997(1).

Butyraldehyde was detected not quantified in 6 of 12 samples of human milk collected from volunteers in Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Bridgeville, PA, and Baton Rouge, LA(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for butyraldehyde: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

Butyraldehyde is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BUTYRALDEHYDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1129 129P

UN 1129; Butyraldehyde

IMO 3.2; Butyraldehyde

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F; R: 11; S: (2)-9-29-33

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II