Pyrrolidine

H225 (22%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (13%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (99.8%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1650 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

To prevent ingestion Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and acids. Well closed.

Bundling and sills should be provided to prevent spread of liquid accidentally escaping from storage and process vessels.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.69 [mg/m3]

7.6 [mg/m3]

45 [mg/m3]

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Use non-sparking handtools. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! Prevent inhalation with Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. Prevent skin contact with Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Prevent eye contact with Face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

SRP: When working with strong solutions of acids or bases or other caustic or corrosive materials, always wear a full face mask. When working with caustic or corrosive gases or vapors, a full face mask will not protect the eyes or prevent inhaling the material. A full face respirator is required.

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Use non-sparking handtools. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Pyrrolidine appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Colorless to yellow liquid with ammonia-like odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colourless liquid; Penetrating amine-type aroma

Colorless to pale yellow liq

Unpleasant, ammoniacal odor

POWERFUL, AMMONIACAL TASTE

86.56 °C

87.00 to 88.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

87-89 °C

-57.79 °C

37 °F (NFPA, 2010)

37 °F (3 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; slightly soluble in benzene, chloroform

In water, 1.0X10+6 mg/L (miscible) at 20 °C

1.00E+06 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)

Solubility in water: miscible

Soluble in water, fats

Soluble (in ethanol)

0.8520 at 22.5 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.85

0.847-0.853

0.8618 @25 °C

2.45 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.45

62.7 [mmHg]

62.7 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 39 °C: 1.8

128 [mm Hg] @39 °C

log Kow = 0.46 at pH 13

Henry's Law constant = 2.39X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 dec C

Fumes in air

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

6.1472X10-3 Pa.s

Corrosive

-673.75 Kcal/mol at 298 K and 1 atm

529 J/g at 0.1 MPa

3.0564X10-2 N/m at 283.15 K

Positive

Agilent XCT

Highly flammable. Very soluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Highly Flammable

PYRROLIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. An explosion occurred when a mixture of pyrrolidine, benzaldehyde, and propionic acid was heated in an attempt to form porphyrins.

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

An explosion occurred when benzaldehyde, pyrrolidine and propionic acid were heated to form porphins.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Convulsions. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Vomiting.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Convulsions. Sore throat. Vomiting. See Inhalation.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (mouse) = 1,300 mg/m3/2hr

LD50 Rat oral 300 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 1300 mg/cu m/2 hr

LD50 Mouse iv 56 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PYRROLIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Formation of n-nitrosopyrrolidine in a dog's stomach from Na nitrate & pyrrolidine. N-nitrosopyrrolidine disappeared rapidly from stomach, probably due to absorption.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: Burning sensation. Convulsions. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Vomiting. Skin: Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters. Eyes: Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns. Ingestion: Convulsions. Sore throat. Vomiting. (See Inhalation).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Inhalation studies with rats at 120, 440, and 2600 ppm for single 6 hr exposures killed no animals.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Small IV doses (<1 mg/kg) in dogs and cats produce increases in blood pressure and respiratory rate. The pressor activity is reduced by ganglionic blocking agents or sympathectomy.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Lethal oral doses in rats affected gastrointestinal mucosa and caused vascular disorders. Inhalation exposure in mice resulted in irritation, excitement, and convulsions.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Primary skin irritation studies on adult albino rabbits indicate pyrrolidine to be a severe skin irritant. Based on its alkaline characteristics, it is probably a severe eye irritant, even as a 20% solution.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PYRROLIDINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pyrrolidine's production and use in the synthesis of drugs and antibiotics and in vulcanization accelerators may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Naturally occurring sources of pyrrolidine can be found in vegetables, dairy products, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and coffee. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates pyrrolidine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase pyrrolidine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours. Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 42. However, the pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as cations do not volatilize. Pyrrolidine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, pyrrolidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge. A pKa of 11.31 indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to pyrrolidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pyrrolidine is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to pyrrolidine via ingestion of food and drinking water, use of tobacco products, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing pyrrolidine. (SRC)

FOUND IN TOBACCO & CARROT LEAVES. PROBABLE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM ORNITHINE & PUTRESCINE.

Pyrrolidine was detected in spinach(1,2) and miso(1). Pyrrolidine was also detected in red radish, celery, maize, apple peels, beans, kale, paprika red, cornichons, barley, hops, and malt(2).

Pyrrolidine's production and use in the synthesis of drugs and antibiotics(1) and in vulcanization accelerators(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 42(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.46(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of pyrrolidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as cations do not volatilize(SRC). Pyrrolidine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg(6). Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 42(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.46(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyrrolidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 11.31(4) indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pyrrolidine, which has a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pyrrolidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Flasks, containing 20 mL of basal salts inoculated with 1 mL of fresh sewage sludge, were incubated aerobically with agitation at 28 °C. After one week, these enrichment cultures were assayed for cell protein yield by the Lowry method. Pyrrolidine degradation displayed an increase of protein yield of 170 ug/mL from a maximum protein yield potential of 175 ug/mL, suggesting biodegradability(1).

ANAEROBIC: Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pyrrolidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Pyrrolidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for pyrrolidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.46(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of pyrrolidine is estimated as 42(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.46(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for pyrrolidine is 2.39X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). A pKa of 11.31(1) indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2). Pyrrolidine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg(3).

SURFACE WATER: Pyrrolidine was detected in the Alster, Au, Kruckau and Pinnau rivers of Germany at 1.5 ug/kg, 2.5 ug/kg, 0.2 ug/kg, and 0.9 ug/kg, respectively(1).

Pyrrolidine was identified in the primary effluent at a concentration of 14 ug/L from municipal wastewater treatment plants(1).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of baked ham at 0.013 ppm(1). Pyrrolidine can be found in tilsiter, camembert, limburger, and brown bread cheeses at 19.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively(2). In coffee, pyrrolidine was detected in coffee extract and freeze dried coffee at 10 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg, respectively(3).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of spinach and miso at 0.250 ppm and 0.020 ppm, respectively(1). Pyrrolidine can be found in spinach, red radish, and celery at 2.5 mg/kg, 38 mg/kg, and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively(2). It can also be found in maize, apple peels, beans, kale, paprika red and cornichons at 3.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively(2). It is also found in barley, hops, and malt at 0.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively(2).

Pyrrolidine's production and use in the synthesis of drugs and antibiotics and in vulcanization accelerators may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Naturally occurring sources of pyrrolidine can be found in vegetables, dairy products, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and coffee. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates pyrrolidine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase pyrrolidine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours. Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 42. However, the pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as cations do not volatilize. Pyrrolidine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, pyrrolidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge. A pKa of 11.31 indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to pyrrolidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pyrrolidine is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to pyrrolidine via ingestion of food and drinking water, use of tobacco products, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing pyrrolidine. (SRC)

FOUND IN TOBACCO & CARROT LEAVES. PROBABLE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM ORNITHINE & PUTRESCINE.

Pyrrolidine was detected in spinach(1,2) and miso(1). Pyrrolidine was also detected in red radish, celery, maize, apple peels, beans, kale, paprika red, cornichons, barley, hops, and malt(2).

Pyrrolidine's production and use in the synthesis of drugs and antibiotics(1) and in vulcanization accelerators(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 42(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.46(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of pyrrolidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as cations do not volatilize(SRC). Pyrrolidine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg(6). Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 42(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.46(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyrrolidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 11.31(4) indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pyrrolidine, which has a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pyrrolidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Flasks, containing 20 mL of basal salts inoculated with 1 mL of fresh sewage sludge, were incubated aerobically with agitation at 28 °C. After one week, these enrichment cultures were assayed for cell protein yield by the Lowry method. Pyrrolidine degradation displayed an increase of protein yield of 170 ug/mL from a maximum protein yield potential of 175 ug/mL, suggesting biodegradability(1).

ANAEROBIC: Pyrrolidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 7-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pyrrolidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Pyrrolidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Pyrrolidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for pyrrolidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.46(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of pyrrolidine is estimated as 42(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.46(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that pyrrolidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of pyrrolidine is 11.31(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for pyrrolidine is 2.39X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). A pKa of 11.31(1) indicates pyrrolidine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2). Pyrrolidine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 62.7 mm Hg(3).

SURFACE WATER: Pyrrolidine was detected in the Alster, Au, Kruckau and Pinnau rivers of Germany at 1.5 ug/kg, 2.5 ug/kg, 0.2 ug/kg, and 0.9 ug/kg, respectively(1).

Pyrrolidine was identified in the primary effluent at a concentration of 14 ug/L from municipal wastewater treatment plants(1).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of baked ham at 0.013 ppm(1). Pyrrolidine can be found in tilsiter, camembert, limburger, and brown bread cheeses at 19.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively(2). In coffee, pyrrolidine was detected in coffee extract and freeze dried coffee at 10 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg, respectively(3).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of spinach and miso at 0.250 ppm and 0.020 ppm, respectively(1). Pyrrolidine can be found in spinach, red radish, and celery at 2.5 mg/kg, 38 mg/kg, and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively(2). It can also be found in maize, apple peels, beans, kale, paprika red and cornichons at 3.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively(2). It is also found in barley, hops, and malt at 0.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively(2).

Pyrrolidine was detected in 10 g samples of cod roe at 0.006 ppm(1).

Cigarettes contain 42 ug/cigarette of pyrrolidine(1). When smoked, 20 ug/cigarette of pyrrolidine is released (5 ug inhaled by smoker, 15 ug released into the environment)(1).

In tobacco & cigarette smoke condensate (tar), pyrrolidine was one of predominant amines found in both substances.

Occupational exposure to pyrrolidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pyrrolidine is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to pyrrolidine via ingestion of food and drinking water, use of tobacco products, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing pyrrolidine. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PYRROLIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1922; Pyrrolidine

IMO 3.2; Pyrrolidine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II