Hexamethylenediamine

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302+H312 (38.6%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (> 99.9%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (53.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1248 reports by companies from 31 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Extinguish with water, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Hexamethylene diamine solution/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Hexamethylene diamine, solid/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE FROM POLYAMIDE MFG IN REVERSE OSMOSIS APPARATUS WITH CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANES WAS STUDIED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF HCL ADDITION ON TRANSPORT OF COMPONENTS OF THE SOLN THROUGH A MEMBRANE & TO ASSESS THE POSSIBILITY OF CHANGING THE PH OF THE CONCN FORMED IN THE APPARATUS.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

FEASIBILITY OF MICROBIAL DECOMP OF ORGANIC WASTES UNDER CONDITIONS EXISTING IN DEEP WELLS WAS INVESTIGATED. UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS TEMP IS NOT A CONSTRAINT; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA DECOMP A WIDE VARIETY OF COMPOUNDS. GROWTH OF THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA IS POSSIBLE WITH HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE.

(1) Add to layer of sodium bisulfite. Spray with water and neutralize. ...

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Hexamethylene diamine solution/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Hexamethylene diamine, solid/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Hexamethylene diamine solution; hexamethylene diamine, solid/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.5 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /1,6-Hexanediamine/

0.5 ppm as TWA

0.5 ppm [1990]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 5 mg/cu m.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Protective clothing; eye protection. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Protective clothing; eye protection.

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Hexamethylene diamine solution; hexamethylene diamine, solid/

NO open flames. NO contact with hot surfaces.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Hexamethylenediamine, solid is a colorless crystalline solid. It is soluble in water. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Hexamethylenediamine, solution appears as a clear colorless liquid. Burns although some effort is required to ignite. Soluble in water. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make nylon.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless solid; [Hawley] Hygroscopic; [ICSC] Has an ammonia-like or fishy odor; [CHEMINFO] White solid; [MSDSonline]

HYGROSCOPIC PELLETS OR FLAKES WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless crystalline solid or clear liquid.

COLORLESS LEAFLETS

RHOMBIC BIPYRAMIDAL PLATES

ODOR OF PIPERIDINE

Weak, fishy

401 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

199-205 °C

108 °F (NTP, 1992)

23-41 °C

178 °F (NTP, 1992)

160 °F OC

85 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)

FREELY SOL IN WATER; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ALC, BENZENE

SOMEWHAT SOL IN ETHER

Water solubility = 2,460,000 mg/l at 4.5 °C

Solubility in water: soluble

(anhyd.) 0.799 at 140.0 °F (70% soln.) 0.933 at 20 °C (USCG, 1999)

(anhyd) 0.799 at 60 °C (liquid)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.93

0.799 at 140 °F (70% sol), 0.933 at 20 °C

4.01 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.01 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.8

1.1 mmHg at 122 °F ; 3 mmHg at 140 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.4 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, Pa at 50 °C: 200

1.1 mmHg at 122 °F, 3 mmHg at 140 °F

VAPORIZES READILY

734 to 788 °F (NTP, 1992)

203 BTU/LB= 113 CAL/G= 4.73X10+4 J/KG

34.6 DYNES/CM= 0.0346 N/M AT 60 °C

0.0041 mg/cu m

0.0032 mg/cu m

pKb= 3.3, pKa= 10.7

May be sensitive to air. Water soluble.

Water soluble.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Water and Aqueous Solutions

HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE is hygroscopic. This compound can react with strong oxidizing materials. It is incompatible with acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. It is also incompatible with ketones, aldehydes, nitrates, phenols, isocyanates, monomers and chlorinated compounds. (NTP, 1992).

HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE is hygroscopic. Can react with strong oxidizing materials. Incompatible with acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Also incompatible with ketones, aldehydes, nitrates, phenols, isocyanates, monomers and chlorinated compounds (NTP, 1992).

...can react with oxidizing materials.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal cramps. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Hemolytic anemia - Decreased hemoglobin or number of red blood cells.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC (rat) > 200 ppm/4h

For immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases\amines and related compounds/

For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases\amines and related compounds/

CONJUNCTIVAL & UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN WORKERS HANDLING HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE. ONE WORKER, OUT OF 20 STUDIED, DEVELOPED ACUTE HEPATITIS FOLLOWED BY DERMATITIS WHICH WAS ATTRIBUTED TO HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE. NO ANEMIA WAS OBSERVED.

...CASE...DESCRIBED IN ITALY IN WHICH 20 WORKERS WERE EXPOSED TO HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE & 8 SUFFERED FROM IRRITATION TO EYES & UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT, WHILE ONE CONTRACTED DERMATITIS, & ANOTHER, ACUTE LIVER DISEASE. DERMATITIS HAS...BEEN DESCRIBED IN FRANCE...

Workers involved in the production of condensers were examined. Their contact with hexamethylenediamine, capon lacquer, and epoxide tar results in development of allergic diseases, such as atopic forms of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and dermatitis.

Hexamethylenediamine causes anemia, weight loss, and degenerative microscopic changes in the kidneys and liver and to a lesser degree in the myocardium of guinea pigs after repeated doses.

...ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS HAVE SHOWN THAT INHALATION OF HIGH CONCN...MAY CAUSE ANEMIA, LEUKOPENIA, IRRITATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES, AND INFLAMMATION OF LUNGS AND KIDNEYS.

SIX GUINEA PIGS TO WHICH 0.02 G OF SUBSTANCE WAS ADMIN ORALLY DAILY FOR 20-95 DAYS WERE SLOWLY POISONED. THE SAME DOSE.../0.02 G/ WHEN ADMIN SC, KILLED 3 OTHER GUINEA PIGS IN 5-7 DAYS. MAIN SYMPTOMS WERE LOSS OF WT & ANEMIA OF HEMOLYTIC TYPE ACCOMPANIED BY LEUKOPENIA. ...KIDNEY & LIVER...DEGENERATION.

SKIN CORROSION WAS TESTED USING RABBITS THAT HAD BEEN CLIPPED OF HAIR ON BACKS & FLANKS. 1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE APPLIED IN AMT OF 0.5 G. AFTER 4 HR, WRAP & PATCHES WERE REMOVED, DAMAGE OCCURRED IN @ LEAST 2 OF 6 RABBITS. THE CMPD WAS CLASSIFIED AS CORROSIVE.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. /1,6-Hexanediamine dihydrochloride/ [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=6055-52-3]

1,6-Hexanediamine (CAS # 124-09-4) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in Long Evans rats (5/sex/group) administered single gavage (free base) doses of 485, 679, 950, 1,330, and 1,960 mg/kg bodyweight and in additional groups given gavage doses of 950, 1,330, 1,860, 2,600, and 3,640 mg/kg. Treatment was associated with progressively more serious signs of toxicity with greater dosages. Pharmacotoxic signs upon oral administration of hexanediamine at doses of 485-1860 mg/kg bodyweight included immediate hypokinesis, hyperventilation, coarse body tremors, and abdominal grip. At doses of 1860 mg/kg and above, the adverse responses were profound and all animals were dead within 24 hours of dosing. An LD50 was 830 mg/kg with 95% confidence limits of 730 and 950 mg/kg. Necropsy of study lethalities revealed severe irritation of the mucous membranes and extensive gastrointestinal hemorrhaging.

Hexamethylene Diamine, (CAS # 124-09-4) was evaluated in Charles River COBS CD rats (26/sex/group) administered measured dietary doses of 0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg bodyweight at 78.02% concentration in two successive generations (F0 and F1). A control group received the basal laboratory diet with an ethanol (solvent) concentration equivalent to that in the high-dose diet. F0 and F1 were mated once to produce F1 and F2 progeny, respectively. Treatment was associated with reduced bodyweight gains in high- and mid-dose F0 and F1 males and in high-dose F1 females. Food consumption was reduced in F0 and F1 females. High-dose F0 and F1 females demonstrated significantly lower weight gains during gestational periods. Fertility indices of dams and sires and the testes weights of males without litters did not reveal an adverse effect of treatment. Copulation, gestation, weaning intervals, and dynamics of dams were comparable to controls at all treatment levels in both generations. A 500 mg/kg high dose was associated with significant (p<0.05) reductions in both F1 and F2 progeny numbers as well as pup weights on lactation days 14 and 21. Smaller viable litter sizes did not correlate with increased numbers of dead pups. Survival through weaning was comparable in the progeny of control and all treated rats of both generations. Antemortem pathology on terminal necropsy of all high-dose and control parents revealed no gross lesions and no microscopic changes related to treatment. A dietary "no effect" level was 150 mg/kg day and researchers concluded that fetal developmental toxicity was produced only at levels associated with significant maternal toxicity.

Hexamethylene diamine (1,6-diaminohexane, CAS# 124-09-4) was administered in the diet to groups of 52 rats (26 males and 26 females) at doses of 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg/day for two generations. A control group received the basal laboratory diet. The F0 and F1 generations were each mated once to produce F1 and F2 generations. Treatment related changes included reduction in weight in F0 males and F1 males and females and reduced food consumption among F0 and F1 males and females in the high dose group. The high dose group also showed reduced litter size, and decreased pup weight on lactation days 14 and 21 for both generations. No other treatment effects were noted with regard to lactation, female body weights, fertility indices, copulatory interval, gestation length, pup survival or appearance, or testes weight or appearance. The authors conclude that the 150 mg/kg/day level can be considered the dietary "no effect" level. This EPA status report only includes a summary of this study.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Hexamethylene diamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of nylon-type polyimide resins may result in its release to the environment through a variety of waste streams. Based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg at 25 °C, hexamethylene diamine is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexamethylene diamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours. If released to soil, hexamethylene diamine is expected to have moderate mobility based on an estimated Koc value of 286. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected based upon the vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mol. Biodegradation in soils is expected to be an important environmental fate process for this compound. Standard BOD dilution techniques indicate that hexamethylene diamine biodegrades under aerobic conditions. In water, hexamethylene diamine is expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on the estimated Koc value of this compound. This compound is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. A measured pKa value of 11 indicates that hexamethylene diamine will not dissociate significantly at environmentally important pH values. Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly in aqueous environments. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low based on an estimated BCF value of 1. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexamethylene diamine is produced or used to synthesize nylon-type resins. (SRC)

Hexamethylene diamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of nylon-type polyimide resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through a variety of waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 286(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of hexamethylene diamine is not expected from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Volatilization of hexamethylene diamine from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg(SRC) at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate process for this compound(SRC). Standard BOD dilution techniques with activated sludge indicate that hexamethylene diamine biodegrades under aerobic conditions(5-7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 286(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Hexamethylene diamine is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). An experimental pKa value of 11(5), indicates that hexamethylene diamine will not dissociate significantly at environmentally important pH values(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly in aqueous environments(SRC). Degradation rates of 4% and 10% were observed for hexamethylene diamine (50 ppm) incubated in water from the Mino River, Japan and seawater off the coast of Japan over a 3 day incubation period(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF value of 1(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.35(8,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexamethylene diamine, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexamethylene diamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 6 hours(3,SRC).

Biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate for this compound(SRC). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and an activated sludge inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 56% was observed during a 14 day incubation period(1). Using standard BOD dilution techniques and activated sludge inocula, theoretical BOD values of 41% to 56% were observed during a 14 day incubation period following a 6 day acclimation period(2). Based on 14 day BOD data, hexamethylene diamine is considered biodegradable(3). Following a 3 day acclimation period, 90% biodegradation of hexamethylene diamine in an activated sludge inoculum was observed during a 6 day incubation period, with an average COD of 26% per day(4). Degradation rates of 4% and 10% were observed for hexamethylene diamine (50 ppm) incubated in water from the Mino River, Japan and seawater off the coast of Japan over a 3 day incubation period(5). A theoretical oxygen demand between 20 and 60% was observed for hexamethylene diamine in a Warburg apparatus during a 5 day incubation period(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hexamethylene diamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). An experimental pKa value of 11(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine will not dissociate significantly at environmentally important pH values(SRC). Hexamethylene diamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze or absorb UV radiation at environmentally significant wavelengths(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 1 was calculated for hexamethylene diamine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.35(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 286(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for hexamethylene diamine is estimated as 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that hexamethylene diamine will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Hexamethylene diamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

CONJUNCTIVAL & UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN WORKERS HANDLING HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE. ... AIR CONCN VARIED FROM 2 & 5.5 MG/CU M DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS TO 32.7 AND 131.5 MG/CU M DURING AUTOCLAVE OPERATIONS IN 2 PLANTS.

.../1 REPORT INDICATES/ THAT HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE MAY HAVE BEEN THE CAUSE OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN NYLON WORKERS EXPOSED TO CRUDE ADIPONITRILE. HOWEVER THIS WAS NOT FOUND...IN A /LATER/ STUDY OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 11,005 workers (1,701 of these are female) are potentially exposed to hexamethylene diamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexamethylene diamine is produced or used(2,SRC).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Hexamethylene diamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of nylon-type polyimide resins may result in its release to the environment through a variety of waste streams. Based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg at 25 °C, hexamethylene diamine is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexamethylene diamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours. If released to soil, hexamethylene diamine is expected to have moderate mobility based on an estimated Koc value of 286. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected based upon the vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mol. Biodegradation in soils is expected to be an important environmental fate process for this compound. Standard BOD dilution techniques indicate that hexamethylene diamine biodegrades under aerobic conditions. In water, hexamethylene diamine is expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on the estimated Koc value of this compound. This compound is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. A measured pKa value of 11 indicates that hexamethylene diamine will not dissociate significantly at environmentally important pH values. Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly in aqueous environments. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low based on an estimated BCF value of 1. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexamethylene diamine is produced or used to synthesize nylon-type resins. (SRC)

Hexamethylene diamine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of nylon-type polyimide resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through a variety of waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 286(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of hexamethylene diamine is not expected from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Volatilization of hexamethylene diamine from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg(SRC) at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate process for this compound(SRC). Standard BOD dilution techniques with activated sludge indicate that hexamethylene diamine biodegrades under aerobic conditions(5-7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 286(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Hexamethylene diamine is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). An experimental pKa value of 11(5), indicates that hexamethylene diamine will not dissociate significantly at environmentally important pH values(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly in aqueous environments(SRC). Degradation rates of 4% and 10% were observed for hexamethylene diamine (50 ppm) incubated in water from the Mino River, Japan and seawater off the coast of Japan over a 3 day incubation period(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF value of 1(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.35(8,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexamethylene diamine, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexamethylene diamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 6 hours(3,SRC).

Biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate for this compound(SRC). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and an activated sludge inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 56% was observed during a 14 day incubation period(1). Using standard BOD dilution techniques and activated sludge inocula, theoretical BOD values of 41% to 56% were observed during a 14 day incubation period following a 6 day acclimation period(2). Based on 14 day BOD data, hexamethylene diamine is considered biodegradable(3). Following a 3 day acclimation period, 90% biodegradation of hexamethylene diamine in an activated sludge inoculum was observed during a 6 day incubation period, with an average COD of 26% per day(4). Degradation rates of 4% and 10% were observed for hexamethylene diamine (50 ppm) incubated in water from the Mino River, Japan and seawater off the coast of Japan over a 3 day incubation period(5). A theoretical oxygen demand between 20 and 60% was observed for hexamethylene diamine in a Warburg apparatus during a 5 day incubation period(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hexamethylene diamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). An experimental pKa value of 11(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine will not dissociate significantly at environmentally important pH values(SRC). Hexamethylene diamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze or absorb UV radiation at environmentally significant wavelengths(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 1 was calculated for hexamethylene diamine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.35(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 286(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexamethylene diamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for hexamethylene diamine is estimated as 3.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that hexamethylene diamine will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Hexamethylene diamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.12 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

CONJUNCTIVAL & UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN WORKERS HANDLING HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE. ... AIR CONCN VARIED FROM 2 & 5.5 MG/CU M DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS TO 32.7 AND 131.5 MG/CU M DURING AUTOCLAVE OPERATIONS IN 2 PLANTS.

.../1 REPORT INDICATES/ THAT HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE MAY HAVE BEEN THE CAUSE OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN NYLON WORKERS EXPOSED TO CRUDE ADIPONITRILE. HOWEVER THIS WAS NOT FOUND...IN A /LATER/ STUDY OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 11,005 workers (1,701 of these are female) are potentially exposed to hexamethylene diamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexamethylene diamine is produced or used(2,SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

FEASIBILITY OF MICROBIAL DECOMP OF ORGANIC WASTES UNDER CONDITIONS EXISTING IN DEEP WELLS WAS INVESTIGATED. UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS TEMP IS NOT A CONSTRAINT; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA DECOMP A WIDE VARIETY OF COMPOUNDS. GROWTH OF THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA IS POSSIBLE WITH HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE.

(1) Add to layer of sodium bisulfite. Spray with water and neutralize. ...

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Hexamethylenediamine, solid; Hexamethylenediamine, solution/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Hexamethylenediamine, solid; Hexamethylenediamine, solution/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Hexamethylenediamine, solid; Hexamethylenediamine, solution/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Hexamethylenediamine, solid; Hexamethylenediamine, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1783; Hexamethylenediamine, solution

UN 2280; Hexamethylenediamine, solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

Symbol: C; R: 21/22-34-37; S: (1/2)-22-26-36/37/39-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III