dimethylamine

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P203, P210, P222, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H220 (65.5%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H224 (47.3%): Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H280 (30.1%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H302 (47.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (47.1%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (66.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (88.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (99.4%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (92.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H411 (12.8%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H412 (33.3%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3043 reports by companies from 43 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P222, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P377, P381, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P222, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary. Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean, soft towels. If symptoms such as inflammation or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician or go to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately (liquid)/Frostbite

Skin: Water flush immediately (liquid)/Frostbite

Breathing: Respiratory support

Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with water spray. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Use water in large amounts, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Stop flow of gas before extinguishing fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use water spray, dry chemical, or "alcohol resistant" foam on fires involving aqueous solutions.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.

.... dimethylamine ... incandesce on contact with fluorine.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Shut off cylinder if possible. Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray. Isolate the area until the gas has dispersed. If liquid: Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Evacuate danger area! Remove all ignition sources. Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Cover the spilled material with foam. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4). /Dimethylamine, Solution/

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4). /Dimethylamine, Anhydrous/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Cool. Fireproof. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Fireproof. Cool. Ventilation along the floor. Separated from strong acids, oxidants, aluminium, copper, copper alloys, mercury, zinc and food and feedstuffs. Store only in original container. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. Storage class (TRGS 510): 2A: Gases

They are extremely flammable products that should be stored in a well-ventilated area and protected from fire risk. /Methylamines/

Avoid oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogens. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated, noncombustible location.

Protect containers against physical damage. Outdoor or detached storage is preferable. Indoor storage of gas should be in a cool, well-ventilated, noncombustible location, away from all possible sources of ignition. Insure against accidental contact with mercury.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

511.0 [ppm]

2.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

Level of Distinct Odor Awareness = 0.53 ppm

AEGLs Status: Interim

10 [ppm]

66 [ppm]

250 [ppm]

10 ppm (18 mg/m³)

TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3)

10.0 [ppm]

500 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

500 ppm [From NPG: Dimethylamine] (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for dimethylamine is 500 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Steinhagen et al. 1982].

See: 124403

5.0 [ppm]

15.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 15 ppm; Dermal sensitization.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

5 ppm as TWA; 15 ppm as STEL; (DSEN); A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

5 ppm [2013]

15 ppm [2013]

3.8 mg/m

3.7 mg/m

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

Dimethylamine, anhydrous appears as a colorless gas smelling of fish at low concentrations and of ammonia at higher concentrations. Shipped as a liquid under its vapor pressure. Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite by evaporative cooling and chemical type burns. The gas, which is corrosive, dissolves readily in water to form flammable corrosive solutions. The gas is heavier than air and can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Gas is easily ignited and produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of low concentrations has adverse health effects. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Used to make other chemicals and as a solvent.

Dimethylamine, aqueous solution appears as a solution of a gas in water. Odor ranging from a fishlike to ammonia-like depending on vapor concentration. Corrosive to skin and eyes. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.

Gas Vapor; Liquid; Liquid

Colorless gas with an ammonia- or fish-like odor; Note: A liquid below 44 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

SOLUTION IN WATER WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless gas with an ammonia- or fish-like odor.

Colorless gas with an ammonia- or fish-like odor. [Note: A liquid below 44 °F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless gas

... Ammonia or fish-like odor ...

45.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

6.88 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-135 °F (NTP, 1992)

Deliquescent leaflets; mp: 171 °C; very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, chloroform; practically insoluble in ether /Dimethylamine hydrochloride/

-92.2 °C

-92.18 °C

20 °F (USCG, 1999)

The Guide from the Emergency Response Guidebook is for anhydrous dimethylamine. 20 °F

-6.69 °C (19.96 °F) - closed cup

20 °F (Closed cup)

-18 °C c.c.

20 °F (liquid)

NA (Gas) 20 °F (Liquid)

24 % at 140 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 163 g/100g water at 40 °C

Very soluble in water forming a very strong alkaline solution

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether

Solubilities in various solvents at 1 atm and 20 °C.[Table#2482]

1630 mg/mL at 40 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 354 (very soluble)

Solubility in water: very soluble

(140 °F): 24%

0.671 at 44.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.6804 g/cu cm at 0 °C

Bulk density approximately 7.8 lb/gal

Saturated liquid density: 42.110 lb/cu ft; liquid heat capacity: 0.731 Btu/lb-F (all at 40 °F)

Saturated vapor pressure: 29.990 lb/sq in; saturated vapor density: 0.23550 lb/cu ft; ideal gas heat capacity: 0.364 Btu/lb-F (all at 75 °F)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

Relative density (water = 1): 0.9

0.67 (liquid at 44 °F)

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Highly flammable. When dissolved in water, it is a strong base.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Highly Flammable

DIMETHYLAMINE is a base, neutralizing acids in exothermic reactions, and a reducing agent. It is temperature sensitive. Reacts vigorously with mercury and chlorine (NTP, 1992). Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents and attacks copper and copper compounds [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980 p. 123]. Reacts with hypochlorites to give N-chloroamines, some of which are explosives when isolated [Bretherick, 1979 p. 108].

DIMETHYLAMINE is a base, neutralizing acids in exothermic reactions, and a reducing agent. Dissolution in water moderates but does not nullify its reactivity. It is temperature sensitive. Reacts vigorously with mercury and chlorine. (NTP, 1992). Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents and attacks copper and copper compounds. [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980 p. 123]. Reacts with hypochlorites to give N-chloroamines, some of which are explosives when isolated [Bretherick, 1979 p. 108]. During an amination preparative procedure combining 4-chloroacetophenone and dimethylamine (4.22:1) at 234 °C led to explosions, [Acta Chem. Scand., Ser.B, 1984, B38, 717-719].

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Dimethylamine is a medium strong base. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers; with mercury causing fire and explosion hazard. Incompatible with acids, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, acrylates, substituted allyls, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, glycols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution. Attacks aluminum, copper, lead, tin, zinc and alloys, some plastics, rubber and coatings.

Incompatible with acryaldehyde, fluorine, and maleic anhydride.

May react with acids, oxidizing materials, chlorine, hypochlorite, halogenated compounds, reactive organic compounds, some metals, and mercury and nitrosating compounds.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, chlorine, mercury, acraldehyde, fluorides, maleic anhydride, aluminum, brass, copper, zinc

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dimethylamine (DMA) is a colorless gas. It is used as acid-gas absorbent, solvent antioxidants, manufacture of dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, dyes, flotation agent, gasoline stabilizers, pharmaceuticals, textile chemicals, rubber accelerators, electroplating, dehairing agent, missile fuels, pesticide propellant, rocket propellants, surfactants, reagent for magnesium. HUMAN STUDIES: Workers in a foundry complaining of breathlessness and choking were found to be exposed to 1-46 mg/cu m DMA in the air. Vision has become misty and halos have appeared several hours after workmen have been exposed to the vapors of DMA at concentration too low to cause discomfort or disability during several hours of exposure. The edema of the corneal epithelium, which is principally responsible for the disturbance of vision, clears spontaneously by the next day, but after exceptionally intense exposures the edema and blurring have taken several days to clear and have been accompanied by photophobia and discomfort from roughness of the corneal surface. ANIMAL STUDIES: A 6% solution of DMA, when applied to the skin of rabbits, caused reddening, then thickening and ulceration after a single treatment. A 3% solution produced similar effects after five treatments. A 5% DMA solution dropped once on rabbit eye caused hemorrhages in conjunctiva, corneal edema, and superficial opacities. A drop of undiluted DMA placed on rabbit's cornea, with the lids then closed and no irrigation performed, caused the cornea to become whitish blue and translucent within few sec, then white as sclera in a min. DMA was a skin sensitizer in the guinea pig closed epicutaneous test. Histopathologic evaluation of the respiratory tract of rats exposed by inhalation at single concentrations ranging from 600 to 6000 ppm for 6 hr revealed concentration-related changes ranging from ulceration and necrosis to rhinitis, tracheitis, and emphysema. Mice exposed at 813 to 1626 ppm DMA had ocular and respiratory irritation and that cyanosis, convulsions, and death occurred above 5420 ppm. Pathologic evaluation revealed massive hemorrhages near the periphery of the lungs and peripheral emphysema in those mice that died during exposure. Small hemorrhages were found in the lungs of mice sacrificed 20 days postexposure. In a repeated exposure study, mice were exposed by inhalation 6 hours/day for 5 days at 511 ppm of DMA. Body weight decreased by 10% to 25% in all animals, and 3 of 24 mice died during exposure. Nasal lesions were observed in these animals. DMA was not carcinogenic by the inhalation in mice and rats. DMA was weakly mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1530 in the presence of metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity occurred without activation, and no activity was found in a host-mediated assay in mice.

Uremic toxins such as dimethylamine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This seems to be mediated by the direct binding or inhibition by uremic toxins of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (especially NOX4 which is abundant in the kidneys and heart) (A7868). Reactive oxygen species can induce several different DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are involved in the silencing of a protein known as KLOTHO. KLOTHO has been identified as having important roles in anti-aging, mineral metabolism, and vitamin D metabolism. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869)

Dimethylamine

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Shortness of breath.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns. ON CONTACT WITH GAS: FROSTBITE.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

irritation nose, throat; sneezing, cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); pulmonary edema; conjunctivitis; dermatitis; liquid: frostbite

As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LC50 (rat) = 4,540 ppm/6H

LD50 Rat oral 698 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 316 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 240 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 4700 ppm/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored.

The possibility of formation of nitrosamine was investigated in animals exposed to a combination of dimethylamine (DMA) and NO2. First, the distribution and covalent binding of DMA and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats and guinea pigs were determined. The apparent volume of distribution and biological half-life for [(14)C]-DMA or [(14)C]DMN did not reveal any species difference. In general, there were no marked differences in accumulation of radioactivity in tissues of guinea pigs and rats 4 hr after the administration of DMA, while the guinea pig tissues showed higher accumulation after DMN administration. Nucleic acid fractions prepared from liver and lungs of both species following administration of DMN or DMA in vivo showed much higher covalent binding with DMN than with DMA. Furthermore, the covalent binding of DMN was found to be due to bioactivation, whereas the DMA binding was nonspecific. Since guinea pig liver showed a higher degree of covalent binding than rat liver, this species was used to investigate the possible increase in covalent binding in the presence of NO2 and DMA as a reflection of DMN formation. There was no evidence of enhancement of covalent binding when animals pretreated with [(14)C]-DMA were exposed for various lengths of time to different concentrations of NO2.

It is known that sodium nitrite and dimethylamine are toxic compounds, which may react to form dimethylnitrosamine in the gastro-intestinal tract, a much more toxic compound and a powerful cancerogenic. The aim of the present work is the investigation of toxicity in young rats, caused by daily intake of sodium nitrite, administered together with dimethylamine during 30 days. The indicators examined were: histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney, transaminase in blood serum, variations in body weight and relation of weight liver/body weight ... The statistical method employed was the test of multiple comparisons based on the total ranges of Cruskal-Wallis. The results show that either significant differences were found (alpha = 0,05) among the groups (including the control), nor was necrosis observed or forming of tumors in the organs under investigation. Therefore, the doses administered does not seem to be toxic under the conditions of the experiment. Some signs of toxicity found in the group which was severely treated (10 mg of sodium nitrite and 20 mg of dimethylamine) appeared only in a few animals and it is necessary to verify the same in experiments with more animals and over a longer period of treatment.

These studies demonstrate the nitrosating potential of NO2 in vivo in ICR mice. Groups of mice were gavaged with 2 mg dimethylamine (DMA) and exposed to NO2 at levels from 0.04 to 44.5 ppm for periods up to 4 hours. Mice were individually frozen and blended to a powder, aliquots of which were homogenized in ice-cold dicholoromethane and 35% aqueous methanol. Concentrates of organic extracts were analyzed or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) by a Thermal Energy Analyzer with a gas chromatograph interface. Biosynthesis of DMN was dose- and time-dependent with relation to NO2 exposure, reaching a maximum yield of 60-70 ng/mouse (0.0035% DMA conversion) at 2 hours. DMN biosynthesis was inhibited by sodium ascorbate and, more effectively, by ammonium sulfamate.

The urinary excretion of the DNA alkylation product, 3-methyladenine (3-MeAde), was measured in human volunteers who were on controlled diets and consumed fresh fish, or frozen-stored fish that contained 50-fold higher levels of dimethylamine (DMA), with or without ingested nitrate. DMA potentially could react with nitrosating agents in the diet or within the body, and produce the potent carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), which can then react with DNA to form several adducts including 3-MeAde. Our findings show that there was no increase in urinary levels of 3-MeAde after consumption of fish preserved by frozen storage relative to levels after consumption of fresh fish. Furthermore, consumption of 225 mg sodium nitrate (equal to the nitrate content in a large glass of beet juice) at 1 hr prior to consumption of the frozen-stored fish did not increase urinary 3-MeAde levels as would be expected if nitrate enhanced endogenous nitrosation of DMA. In contrast, urinary excretion of 3-MeAde from a volunteer who was a moderate cigarette smoker (11 cigarettes per day) was approximately 3- to 8-fold higher than dietary 3-MeAde intake. These findings indicate that consumption of high levels of DMA in fish does not result in detectable levels of NDMA formation and genetic damage as measured by the urinary biomarker 3-MeAde.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valuim) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

EC50; Species: Anabaena subcylindrica (Blue-green algae) axenic, 1-3x 10+7 cells/mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.2; Concentration: 3.3x10-8 ug/cell for <3 hr; Effect: decreased nitrogen fixation

EC50; Species: Anabaena subcylindrica (Blue-green algae) axenic, 1-3x 10+7 cells/mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.2; Concentration: 3.5x10-8 ug/cell for <3 hr; Effect: decreased photosynthesis, oxygen production

EC50; Species: Chlorella ellipsoidea (Green algae) axenic; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.2; Concentration: 0.8x10-8 ug/cell for 90 min; Effect: decreased photosynthesis, oxygen production

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae) 10x10+8 cells/100 mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 30 mg/L for 96 hr; Effect: general growth /98% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Dimethylamine's production and use an acid gas absorbent, flotation agent, gasoline stabilizer and in the production of dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide dyes, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Dimethylamine naturally occurs in many foods, some plants, and is a volatile from animal waste and rotting fish. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dimethylamine will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase dimethylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours. Dimethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, dimethylamine is expected to have moderate mobility based upon a mean Koc of 434.9. The pKa of dimethylamine is 10.73 indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. Dimethylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Dimethylamine was biodegraded 69-89% in three Saskatchewan soils during a 7 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, dimethylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon a Koc value of 508 measured in lake sediment. Dimethylamine is expected to biodegrade in water based on a half-life of 1.6 days in Vistula River water (Warsaw, Poland) following a 0.3 day lag period. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's pKa. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to dimethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dimethylamine via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and use of tobacco products. (SRC)

Dimethylamine naturally occurs in many foods(1) and is a volatile from animal waste(2,3). It is also found in many plants(4).

... amines from decomposing fish ... /Amines/

Dimethylamine's production and use an acid gas absorbent, flotation agent, gasoline stabilizer and in the production of dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide dyes(1), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Dimethylamine is a gas which is produced in large quantities, up to 500 million lbs in 2002(1). It is found in emissions from fish processing as well as in tobacco smoke(2). Dimethylamine is a hydrolysis degradation product of the chemical warfare agent tabun(3).

Dimethylamine in rubber extracts (of rubber articles used in contact with foods) is the decomposition product of vulcanizing accelerators containing dimethylamino groups.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a mean Koc value of 434.9 measured in 5 soils(2), indicates that dimethylamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dimethylamine is 10.73(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of the cation from moist soil is not expected because cations do not volatilize(SRC). Dimethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Dimethylamine was biodegraded 69-89% in three Saskatchewan soils during a 7 day incubation period(6), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 508 in lake sediment(2), indicates that dimethylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 10.73(3) indicates dimethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Dimethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.38(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Dimethylamine is expected to biodegrade in water based on a half-life of 1.6 days in Vistula River water (Warsaw, Poland) following a 0.3 day lag period(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dimethylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.54X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dimethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dimethylamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 88% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Dimethylamine was biodegraded 69-89% in three Saskatchewan soils during a 7 day incubation period(2). In a screening study, dimethylamine completely degraded from a starting concentration of 10 mg/L with both an activated sludge and freshwater/sediment inoculum(3); after 5 days incubation, 70 and 80% of Theoretical BOD was consumed in the activated sludge and the sediment, respectively(3). Another screening study that employed an activated sludge inoculum reported 100% degradation in 6 and 12 days when the initial dimethylamine concentration was 20 mg/L and 135 mg/L, respectively(4). In a laboratory activated sludge unit, dimethylamine was completely removed from inflows of up to 135 mg/L with retention times of 4 hr indicating that it should be readily degraded in biological treatment plants(4). The half-life in Vistula River water (Warsaw, Poland) was 1.6 days after a 0.3 day lag(4). Dimethylamine is confirmed to be biodegradable according to the standard test of the Japanese Ministry of Industry and Trade (MITI) that employs a mixed inoculum obtained from freshwater, soil, and sludge(5-7). When 250 ppm dimethylamine was added to a fine sand loam and sandy soil amended with sewage and nitrite-N, 50% degradation occurred in 2 days in the sand loam, while 20% degradation occurred in the sandy soil(8). N-nitrosodimethylamine was formed in the degradation(8). 50 to >90% degradation occurred in four silt loam or loam soils within 14 days(9).

AEROBIC: When dimethylamine was added to stream water, the maximum rate of biodegradation was proportional to the initial amine concentration over a concentration range from several nanograms to several milligrams per liter(1). At the highest concentration studied, 10 mg/L, the half-life of dimethylamine was 1.5 days(1). In 4 days all of the dimethylamine was mineralized when the initial concentration ranged from 2.8 parts per trillion to 90 ppb, while 90% was mineralized when the concentration was 18 ppm(2).

ANAEROBIC: Under anaerobic conditions, one of the silt loam soils tested required 35 days to achieve 86% removal of dimethylamine(1). Dimethylamine, present at 100 mg/L, incubated at 35 °C for 50 days was found to be readily biodegradable under anaerobic conditions(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 6.54X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Dimethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Dimethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Long-path IR study showed that reaction of dimethylamine, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide in air forms low concentration of dimethylnitrosamine at rate independent of amine concentration.

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for dimethylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The adsorption isotherm for dimethylamine in 5 soils was linear and resulted in a mean Koc of 434.9(1). A Koc value of 508 was reported for dimethylamine in lake sediment(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this Koc data suggests that dimethylamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

A pKa of 10.73(1) indicates dimethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Dimethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1520 mm Hg(2).

GROUNDWATER: Dimethylamine was detected (ug/L) in groundwater samples collected from the Jialu River basin in China. Not all sites were sampled on each date(1).[Table#2483]

DRINKING WATER: Dimethylamine was detected in 10 of 12 source water samples and 11 of 12 finished water samples collected Nov and Dec 2010 from drinking water treatment plants in China at 0.2-3.9 and 0.4-4.0 ug/L, respectively(1).

SURFACE WATER: Dimethylamine was detected in 8 rivers in Germany at a maximum concentration of 11.9 ppb(1). Dimethylamine was detected at 2-3 ug/L in two rivers in Germany, 0.5 ug/L in a river in the US, and 5-6 ug/L in a river in Poland(2). It was also detected at 21 ug/L in a lake in China, <0.1-<0.18 in lakes in the US, and 0.18-3.22 ug/L in 21 lakes in Norway(2).

SURFACE WATER: Dimethylamine was detected (ug/L) in river water samples collected from the Jialu River basin in China. Not all sites were sampled on each date(1).[Table#2484]

RAIN/SNOW: Dimethylamine was detected at concentrations of 10-32 nanomols/L in the rain of Sweden(1).

Based on its 1978 production of 71.8 million lbs, it is estimated that 143,000 lbs of dimethylamine was released into the atmosphere as process, storage, and fugitive emissions and another 71,800 lbs were released associated with its use as a chemical intermediate(1). An unspecified amount of dimethylamine was emitted into the atmosphere from a munition plant in the Houston, TX area(2). The concentration of dimethylamine 40 m downwind from a fishmeal plant was 0.53 ppb(3). Dimethylamine is a hydrolysis degradation product of the chemical warfare agent tabun(4). Influent wastewater treatment samples collected Aug 2002 to Apr 2004 from seven municipal wastewater treatment plants in California contained dimethylamine at 43-120 ug/L, generally >70% was removed during treatment(5).

Dimethylamine was detected (ug/L) in effluents flowing into rivers of the Jialu River basin in China. Not all sites were sampled on each date(1).[Table#2471]

SOIL: Dimethylamine was identified, not quantified, in uncultivated loamy soil from the Moscow region(1). Since this soil is uncultivated, it is possible that the amines are formed naturally rather than resulting from contamination or as a metabolite of a fertilizer or a pesticide(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Dimethylamine was detected at 23-310 picomols/cu m in the ambient air of Sweden(1). Dimethylamine was found in urban air samples from August and October 1998, and March and April 1999 at 0.35-3.82 ng/cu m(2).

INDOOR AIR: Dimethylamine was detected in a home in Sweden at concentrations of 10 ppb (kitchen), 13 ppb (bedroom) and 3 ppb (living room)(1). Dimethylamine emission rate was reported as 9.0, 3.1 and 2.5 ug/h into the interior air of six new automobiles tested at 0, 20 and 40 days of age(2).

Dimethylamine has been found in the following fresh food (concentration in ppm): red cabbage (2.8), cabbage (2), cauliflower (14), kale (5.5), red radish (1.1), celery (5.1), maize (3.5), green salad (7.2)(1). Concentrations in preserved food items are: broken beans (0.6), broken butterbeans (<0.1), shelled peas (2.2), bean salad (0.2), kale (4.5), red cabbage (0.1), paprika (1), cornichons (0.5)(1). Dimethylamine has detected in various samples of pickled vegetables at 0-15.4 ppm(1). Some other food products contained the following amounts of dimethylamine (ppm): cheese (not detected), brown bread (3.1), coffee (3-6), barley (1.6), hops (1.4), malt (0.5)(1). Dimethylamine was found in cod roe at 6.3 ppm(1), and in herring at 3.4-45 ppm(1) and 54.76 ppm(2). Average levels of dimethylamine are (food item (ppm)): fish sausage (0.902), baked ham (1.310), spinach (0.120), miso (0.055)(2). Dimethylamine was detected at 4.6-31.6 ppm in Nigerian fermented beverages (palm-wine, nono, burukutu, pito and ogogoro)(3) Dimethylamine has been identified as a volatile component of boiled beef(4). The interest for the presence of amines in food arises in part because they are regarded as possible precursors of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds(4).

Dimethylamine was detected in 2 (Desmarestia aculeata, Desmarestia viridis) of 28 marine algae from three classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae(1). Dimethylamine was identified, not quantified, in various medicinal plants and roots from Africa(2). Dimethylamine has been identified in tobacco leaf (4-75 ppm)(3).

Dimethylamine was found in cod roe at 6.3 ppm(1), and in herring at 3.4-45 ppm(1) and 54.76 ppm(2).

Dimethylamine was detected in cigarette smoke at 110 ppm or 1.8 ug/cigarette(1,2). Four samples of animal feed contained 0-8 ppm of dimethylamine(3).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 5 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of dimethylamine in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 500-999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28,879 workers (2001 of these are female) were potentially exposed to dimethylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dimethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dimethylamine via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and use of tobacco products(SRC).

The urinary concentration of dimethylamine in fisherman working the east coast of Sweden was 20-60 mM/mol creatinine(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U092, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

In a batch experiment with activated sludge from a large-scale plant, the hydrolytic and biochemical degradation of dimethylformamide (DMF) and its reaction product dimethylamine (DMA) were investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Parallel to the hydrolysis of dimethylformamide, the biochemical degradation of DMA occurs. The extensive conversion of these substrates is followed by the nitrification of the ammonium ion formed. Under subsequent anaerobic conditions with methanol as the carbon source, denitrification can also be achieved. If the oxygen supply of the activated sludge is insufficient, however, DMA can be used as a carbon source for denitrification, ammonium ion being released from DMA.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Dimethylamine, anhydrous/

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled. Vapors are extremely irritating. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Dimethylamine, anhydrous/

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dimethylamine, anhydrous/

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dimethylamine, anhydrous/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1032 118(anhydrous)

1160 132(solution)

UN 1032; Dimethylamine, anhydrous

UN 1160; Dimethylamine solution

IMO 2.1; Dimethylamine, anhydrous

IMO 3; Dimethylamine, aqueous solution

49 101 64; Dimethylamine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Dimethylamine, anhydrous and dimethylamine, aqueous solution are included on the dangerous goods list. /Dimethylamine, anhydrous; Dimethylamine, aqueous solution/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Dimethylamine, anhydrous and dimethylamine, aqueous solution are included on the dangerous goods list. /Dimethylamine, anhydrous; Dimethylamine, aqueous solution/

This compound requires a shipping label of: "Poison Gas, Flammable Gas." It falls into DOT Hazard Class 2.1. Passenger aircraft or railcar shipment is forbidden and cargo aircraft shipment is forbidden as well.

Flammable Gas

Flammable Liquid Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 2.1

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II