Methacrylonitrile

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301+H311 (64.6%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330 (71.7%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (28.3%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370 (54.7%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 223 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P318, P319, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Wear protective gloves when inducing vomiting. NO mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects, including skin reactions, may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Heart palpitation may begin within minutes after exposure.

Note: Methylacrylonitrile is very readily absorbed through the skin.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Methylacrylonitrile Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to methylacrylonitrile may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red mucous membranes and blood, cardiac arrhythmias, and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) is not a consistent finding. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Methylacrylonitrile is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Excessive salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to methylacrylonitrile may require decontamination and life support for the victims. All exposed persons should be transported to a health care facility as quickly as possible. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to methylacrylonitrile.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with methylacrylonitrile- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self- poisoning.

3. RUSH to a health care facility!

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to methylacrylonitrile.

4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

6. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with methylacrylonitrile- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self- poisoning.

2. RUSH to a health care facility!

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Usual precautions for flammable liquid should be applied. (EPA, 1998)

Use alcohol-resistant foam. Use dry powder. Use carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 3079 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 150 m (500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.7 km (0.5 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.7 km (1.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.8 km (1.7 mi)

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D003, P030, and U152 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

... IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT METHACRYLONITRILE CANNOT BE DETECTED BY ITS SMELL EVEN AT CONCENTRATIONS WHICH ARE ALREADY DANGEROUS FOR HUMANS. HENCE SPECIAL ATTENTION MUST BE GIVEN TO VENTILATION & ESTIMATIONS OF THE AMT OF POISON PRESENT MUST BE CARRIED OUT FREQUENTLY.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Store only if stabilized. Fireproof. Cool. Keep in the dark. Separated from food and feedstuffs.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.091 [ppm]

1.0 [ppm]

3.1 [ppm]

1 ppm (3 mg/m³)

TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m³) [skin]

none See Appendix G

4 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

4.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Acute inhalation toxicity is similar to acrylonitrile; [ACGIH]

See: 2017-204

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

1 ppm as TWA; (skin); A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen)

1 ppm [2010]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The vapour is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration. This may result in convulsions and unconsciousness. Exposure could cause death.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methylacrylonitrile:

Methacrylonitrile, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid. Less dense than water. Flash point 55 °F. Boiling point 195 °F. Very be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make plastics and coatings.

Colorless liquid with an odor like bitter almonds; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with an odor like bitter almonds.

Colorless liquid.

Odor-like bitter almonds.

194 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

90.3 °C @ 760 mm Hg

90.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-32.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

-35.8 °C

-32.4 °F

55 °F (EPA, 1998)

13 °C (55 °F) open cup

1.1 °C c.c.

10 to 50 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with acetone, octane, toluene @ 20-25 °C

Sol in alcohol, ether

In water, 2.54X10+4 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water at 20 °C: moderate

0.8001 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8001 @ 20 °C/4 °C

DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.17 (AIR= 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.805 @ 20°C

2.31 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.31 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.3

40 mmHg at 55.04 °F (EPA, 1998)

71.0 [mmHg]

71.2 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 8.66

71 mmHg at 77 °F

71.2 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(77 °F): 71 mmHg

log Kow = 0.68

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and cyanides/.

0.392 cP @ 20 °C

31.8 kJ/mol @ BP

24.4 dynes/cm @ 20 °C

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Nitriles

Acrylates and Acrylic Acids

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

METHACRYLONITRILE is a colorless, flammable, toxic liquid. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrile and oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 829].

Strong acids, strong oxidizers, alkali, light. [Note: Polymerization may occur due to elevated temperature, visible light, or contact with a concentrated alkali.]

Strong acids, strong oxidizers, alkali, light [Note: Polymerization may occur due to elevated temperature, visible light, or contact with a concentrated alkali.]

Methacrylonitrile

1 x 10 ^-4 mg/kg-day

Methyl acrylonitrile

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

TR-497: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methacrylonitrile (CASRN 126-98-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (2001 )

05/03/01

No Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies,there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of methacrylonitrile in male or female F344/N rats administered 3,10,or 30 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of methacrylonitrile in male or female B6C3F1 mice administered 1.5,3,or 6 mg/kg.

In male and female rats, methacrylonitrile administration caused significant increases in the incidences of nonneoplastic lesions of the nose and liver.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Headache. Confusion. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; lacrimation (discharge of tears); In Animals: convulsions, loss of motor control in hind limbs

Eyes, skin, central nervous system

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

5 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

3 x 10^-2 mg/m^3

3 x 10^-1 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans

PPRTV Current

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) = 328 ppm/4h

LD50 Rat oral 25-50 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal 0.32-0.35 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral 20 to 25 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 328 ppm/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for METHYLACRYLONITRILE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Antidotes for acute toxicity of methacrylonitrile were studied in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 30 minutes to methacrylonitrile at lethal concentrations from 3180 to 5700 ppm. Animals were removed to plain air. Some exposed to 3180 or 3210 ppm were injected with unusual cyanide antidotes 4-dimethylaminophenol at 10 mg/kg plus 500 mg/kg sodium thiosulfate. Some exposed to 3500 to 5700 ppm were given N-acetyl-cysteine at 200 mg/kg, an acrylonitrile antidote. Clinical effects observed in animals not given the antidotes were compared with those of comparable doses of acrylonitrile. Animals intoxicated with acrylonitrile showed marked salivation, flow of tears, diarrhea, and convulsions with death occurring in 3 to 4 hours. Animal intoxicated with methacrylonitrile showed rapid unconsciousness with convulsions and lethality by 1 hr, suggesting metabolically formed cyanide. While all animals not given antidotes died, those given the cyanide antidotes all survived. N-acetyl-cysteine caused surival of all animals through exposure to 4340 ppm. At higher doses some deaths occurred but the majority survived. ... Acute toxicity of methacrylonitrile is predominantly caused by metabolically formed cyanide. N-acetyl-cysteine, which reacts directly with alpha, beta unsaturated nitrites, is an effective antidote, as it is against acrylonitrile.

WHEN SODIUM THIOSULFATE WAS GIVEN IN MULTIPLE INJECTIONS, IT PROTECTED MICE AGAINST DEATH BY PROPIONITRILE.

The toxic mechanism of nitriles (including propionitrile) and the effect of metabolic modifiers in mice were studied in relation to their physicochemical properties. All the test nitriles liberated cyanide both in vivo and in vitro, with the exception of benzonitrile, although the extent of liberation and the effect of carbon tetrachloride pretreatment on the mortality of animals differed among nitriles. From these results, test compounds were tentatively divided into 3 groups. In group 1, acute toxicity was greatly reduced by carbon tetrachloride pretreatment, in group 2, toxicity was not significantly changed or was somewhat enhanced, and in group 3, benzonitrile only, toxicity was clearly enhanced. The amount of cyanide was higher at death in the brains of mice given group 1 compounds, the level being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. The relation between log (1/LD50) and log p for the compounds in group 1 fitted a parabolic plot, while that for compounds in group 2 was linear. For most nitriles, the in vitro metabolism was inhibited when the incubation mixture contained either SKF-525A, carbon monoxide, or microsomes from mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. When mice were closed with ethyl alcohol, metabolic enhancement of nitriles was seen compared with the control. However, ethyl alcohol, when added to the incubation mixture, inhibited the in vitro metabolism of nitriles.

Severe acute inhalations should be treated like cyanide poisoning. The first priority is to establish adequate ventilation (100% oxygen) and circulation, since cyanide antidotes are theoretically useful but clinically unproven in acrylonitrile poisoning. /Acrylonitrile/

Contaminated clothing should be removed and placed in a sealed container. Attendents should use plastic gloves and should discard them after use since acrylonitrile may penetrate rubber, gloves, and leather. The usual decontamination measures (... lavage, charcoal) may be effective within the first 1 to 2 hours postingestion, but should not delay the use of nitrites and thiosulfate in significantly symptomatic patients. /Acrylonitrile/

7.50e+00

1.00e+02

3.10e+01

1.30e+02

1.90e+00

2.00e+00

4.30e-04

1.00e-04

3.00e-02

Volatile

4.58e+03

2.30e+01

3.10e+02

9.40e+01

3.90e+02

5.70e+00

Methylacrylonitrile's production and use in polymers and coatings may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 71.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methylacrylonitrile will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methylacrylonitrile will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 46 hours and 33 days, respectively. If released to soil, methylacrylonitrile is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 56. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Methylacrylonitrile may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to ammonia and carboxylic acids. A bacterium isolated from soil was able to utilize methylacrylonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, therefore biodegradation may be important for this compound. If released into water, methylacrylonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur based on the negligible hydrolysis of acrylonitrile between pH 4 and 10. Occupational exposure to methylacrylonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methylacrylonitrile is produced or used. (SRC)

Methylacrylonitrile's production and use in polymers and coatings(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 56(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.68(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methylacrylonitrile is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methylacrylonitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 71.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.54X10+4 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of methylacrylonitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to ammonia and carboxylic acids(6). A bacterium isolated from soil (Pseudomonas putida) was able to utilize methylacrylonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen(7); therefore, biodegradation may be an important fate process for this compound(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 56(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.68(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methylacrylonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 71.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.54X10+4 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to ammonia and carboxylic acids(8). A bacterium isolated from soil (Pseudomonas putida) was able to utilize methylacrylonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen(9); therefore, biodegradation may be an important fate process for this compound(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methylacrylonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 71.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase methylacrylonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 46 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.36X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methylacrylonitrile with ozone is 3.52X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec (temperature unspecified)(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 33 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(5).

Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to ammonia and carboxylic acids(1). A bacterium isolated from soil (Pseudomonas putida) was able to utilize methylacrylonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen(2). In another study, a mixed microbial culture, isolated from an environment contaminated with organic cyanides and PCBs, utilized methylacrylonitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen(1). The mixed microbial culture was grown for 48 hrs at pH 7 with 1 g/l of methylacrylonitrile; the final pH and ammonia concn were determined to be 8.17 and 40.9 umol/ml, respectively(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methylacrylonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.36X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 46 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methylacrylonitrile with ozone is 3.52X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec (temperature unspecified)(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 33 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). Methylacrylonitrile is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment based on the negligible hydrolysis of acrylonitrile between pH 4 and 10(4) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for methylacrylonitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.68(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of methylacrylonitrile is estimated as 56(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.68(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that methylacrylonitrile is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for methylacrylonitrile is estimated as 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 71.2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.54X10+4 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methylacrylonitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours (SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Methylacrylonitrile's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of methylacrylonitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 71.2 mm Hg(1).

SURFACE WATERS: Methylacrylonitrile was qualitatively detected in only 1 surface water sample collected from 204 sites near heavily industrialized areas across the US(1).

Trace amounts of methylacrylonitrile (concn or detection limit not reported) were detected in an aqueous process effluent from a coal gasification facility in Gillette, WY(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 213 workers are potentially exposed to methylacrylonitrile in the US(1). Occupational exposure to methylacrylonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methylacrylonitrile is produced or used(SRC).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D003, P030, and U152 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized [Table#5457]

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for METHYLACRYLONITRILE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3079 131P

3079 131P(inhibited)

UN 3079; Methacrylonitrile, inhibited

IMO 3.0; Methacrylonitrile, inhibited

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, T; R: 11-23/24/25-43; S: (1/2)-9-16-18-29-45; Note: D

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I