Chloroprene

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301 (72.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302+H332 (18.1%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (27.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H371 (18.1%): May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (89.8%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 215 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

DANGEROUS CHLOROPRENE FIRES ARE BEST EXTINGUISHED BY SHUTTING OFF THE SOURCE OF FUEL. CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICALS, AND WATER SPRAY (FOG NOZZLE) MAY BE USED AS CONTROL MEASURES.

To fight fire use alcohol foam.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN A SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS A FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN THE PAPER IN A SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Due to their high reactivity and volatility chloroprene and chloroprene containing wastes cannot be dumped. Therefore, if the chloroprene cannot be distilled, the wastes have to be destroyed in special waste incinerators. Because of the large quantities of chlorine present in exhaust gases during incineration, the flue gases have to be scrubbed. Recommendable method: Incineration. Non recommendable method: Landfill. Peer-review: Potentially polymerized and then landfilled. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH AN APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. CHLOROPRENE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION. SEWERS DESIGNED TO PRECLUDE THE FORMATION OF EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROPRENE VAPORS ARE PERMITTED.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Skin contact should be prevented.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

/OXIDATION/...INHIBITED BY STORAGE AT LESS THAN -15 °C AND/OR BY THE ADDN OF ANTIOXIDANTS TO THE FRESH DISTILLATE.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

3.0 [ppm]

67 [ppm]

400 [ppm]

1 ppm (3.6 mg/m³) [15 minute]

Ca C 1 ppm (3.6 mg/m3) [15-minute] See Appendix A

25.0 [ppm]

25 ppm (90 mg/m³)

TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

300 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

300.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Exposure to 973 ppm has resulted in nausea and giddiness in volunteers in 10 to 15 minutes [Nystrom 1948]. Extreme fatigue and unbearable chest pain has occurred following a month of exposure to concentrations ranging from 56 to 334 ppm [Nystrom 1948].

NIOSH considers beta-chloroprene to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /SRP: No IDLH value specified/.

Ca [300 ppm]

See: 126998

1.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 ppm, skin

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

1 ppm as TWA; (skin); A2 (suspected human carcinogen).

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

West Germany: 10 ppm; Sweden: 25 ppm; Romania: 8 ppm; East Germany: 3 ppm; USSR: 0.6 ppm.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on several organs. This may result in impaired functions. Exposure above the OEL could cause death.

Chloroprene, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point is very low. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make neoprene rubber.

Colorless liquid with a pungent, ether-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a pungent, ether-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Pungent, ether-like odor

138.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

59.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-202 °F (NTP, 1992)

-4 °F (NTP, 1992)

-20 °C (OPEN CUP)

-20 °C c.c.

Slightly soluble (NTP, 1992)

Miscible in ethyl ether, acetone, and benzene; slightly soluble in water.

Soluble in alcohol, diethyl ether

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.03 (very poor)

0.9583 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.956 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Density of saturated air: 1.57 (air= 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.96

.956 @ 20°C

3 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.0 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.1

118 mmHg at 50 °F ; 188 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

215.0 [mmHg]

215 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 23.2

188 mmHg

75 [mm Hg] @0.3 °C

2.2 (calculated)

POLYMERIZES ON STANDING

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chlorine (Cl-).

Odor Threshold Low: 0.11 [ppm]

Odor Threshold High: 138.0 [ppm]

Odor threshold from AIHA

Index of refraction: 1.4583 @ 20 °C/D

Polymerizes at room temperature unless inhibited with antioxidants.

Per cent in saturated air: 28 @ 25 °C; conversion factors: 1 mg/l approximates 276.5 ppm and 1 ppm approximates 3.62 mg/cu m @ 25 °C, 760 torr.

RAPIDLY OXIDIZES TO FORM PEROXIDES AND ACIDIC MATERIALS.

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

Peroxidizable Compound

CHLOROPRENE emits highly toxic fumes of chlorine gas when heated to decomposition. Autooxidizes very rapidly with air and, even at 0 °C, produces unstable peroxides that catalyze exothermic polymerization [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 507]. This reactivity is greatly slowed by presence of an inhibitor.

Peroxides & other oxidizers [Note: Polymerizes at room temperature unless inhibited with antioxidants].

Incompatible with liquid or gaseous fluorine.

Autooxidizes in air to form an unstable peroxide that catalyzes exothermic polymerization of the monomer.

Peroxides & other oxidizers [Note: Polymerizes at room temperature unless inhibited with antioxidants.]

Chloroprene

A: Compounds that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration

C: Compounds that autopolymerize due to peroxide formation if inhibitors are depleated or not present

Clark, Kelly

Autoxidizes rapidly with air, even at low temperatures. See Bretherick's and references within.

Bailey, H. C., in Oxidation of Organic Compounds-I, ACS No.75(Gould,R.F.,Ed.),138–149,Washington, ACS, 1968

Chloroprene

Gastrointestinal

Reproductive

Respiratory

2 x 10 ^-2 mg/m^3

Evaluation: There is inadequate in humans for the carcinogenicity of chloroprene. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chloroprene. Overall evaluation: Chloroprene is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

Chloroprene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

TR-467: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Chloroprene (CASRN 126-99-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1998 )

12/11/96

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year inhalation studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the oral cavity; increased incidences of neoplasms of the thyroid gland, lung, and kidney were also attributed to chloroprene exposure. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the oral cavity; increased incidences of neoplasms of the thyroid gland, mammary gland, and kidney were also attributed to exposure to chloroprene. Low incidences of urinary bladder neoplasms in male and female rats and lung neoplasms in female rats may also have been related to exposure to chloroprene.

There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the lung, circulatory system (hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas), and harderian gland; increased incidences of neoplasms of the forestomach and kidney were also attributed to exposure to chloroprene. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the lung, circulatory system (hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas), harderian gland, mammary gland, liver, skin, and mesentery; increased incidences of neoplasms of the forestomach and Zymbal's gland were also attributed to exposure to chloroprene.

Exposure of male and female rats to chloroprene was associated with increased incidences of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia in the lung; nephropathy; and several nonneoplastic effects in the nose including olfactory epithelial atrophy, fibrosis, adenomatous hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, respiratory metaplasia, and necrosis. Exposure of male and female mice to chloroprene was associated with increased incidences of bronchiolar hyperplasia and histiocytic cell infiltration in the lung; epithelial hyperplasia in the forestomach; renal tubule hyperplasia (males only); several effects in the nose including olfactory epithelial atrophy, respiratory metaplasia, and adenomatous hyperplasia; and hematopoietic cell proliferation in the spleen.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Laboured breathing. Heart palpitations. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Burning sensation. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Corneal damage.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; anxiety, irritability; dermatitis; alopecia; reproductive effects; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, reproductive system

[lung & skin cancer]

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Suspected Human.

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

LC50 (rat) = 3,270 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rat oral 450 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 11,800 mg/cu m/4 hr

LD50 Mouse oral 146 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 2300 mg/cu m

3.60e-03

4.40e-02

3.40e-03

4.10e-02

6.80e-03

1.00e+03

3.00e-04

2.00e-02

Volatile

7.86e+02

3.60e-01

4.40e+00

3.40e-01

4.10e+00

6.80e-01

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene's manufacture and use in the production of polychloroprene elastomers, such as neoprene, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 215 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for this reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 18 hours. The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 10 days. The gas-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with nitrate radicals may also be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night, but the rate of this reaction is not known. If released to soil, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 68. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.056 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 18 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene's manufacture and use in the production of polychloroprene elastomers, such as neoprene(1), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.056 atm-cu m/mole (SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 215 mm Hg(4). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene will not be susceptible to chemical hydrolysis(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.056 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 18(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.53(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to undergo chemical hydrolysis(SRC) because of the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.15X10+2 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules and nitrate radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 22X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with ozone has been estimated as 0.12X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). The gas phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with nitrate radicals may be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night(4), but the rate of this reaction is not known.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 22X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with ozone has been estimated as 0.12X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(3); this may be an important removal process for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, but the rate of this reaction is not known(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4).

An estimated BCF of 18 was calculated for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene can be estimated to be 68(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is estimated as 0.056 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 215 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

SURFACE WATER: 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in 1 out of 204 samples of surface water collected from sites near heavily industrialized areas across the US during 1975/76(1).

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was identified in 1 out of 33 industrial effluents at a concentration greater than 100 ug/l, detection limit of 10 ug/l(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in the ambient air in 6 of 6 NJ cities at an avg concn of 0.097 ppb and a max concn of 4.0 ppb(1). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in 2 of 2 samples of ambient air in Houston, TX during July 1976, at an average concentration of 0.59 ppb(2). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was not detected in 17 samples of ambient air in Baton Rouge, LA during March 1977 at an unreported detection limit(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: The compound was not detected in air above 6 abandoned hazardous wastes sites and one active sanitary landfill in NJ during 1983/84, at a detection limit of 0.01 ppb(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 17,750 workers (654 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene in the US(1). During 1977, airborne concentrations of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene of up to 0.2 ppm were reported in a roll building area in a metal fabricating plant where polychloroprene was applied extensively to metal cylinders prior to vulcanization(2). During 1973, at a US 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene polymerization plant, airborne concentrations of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene were found to range from 14-1,420 ppm in the make-up area, from 130-6,760 ppm in the reactor area, from 6-440 in the monomer recovery area and from 113-252 ppm in the latex area(2). Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Due to their high reactivity and volatility chloroprene and chloroprene containing wastes cannot be dumped. Therefore, if the chloroprene cannot be distilled, the wastes have to be destroyed in special waste incinerators. Because of the large quantities of chlorine present in exhaust gases during incineration, the flue gases have to be scrubbed. Recommendable method: Incineration. Non recommendable method: Landfill. Peer-review: Potentially polymerized and then landfilled. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH AN APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. CHLOROPRENE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION. SEWERS DESIGNED TO PRECLUDE THE FORMATION OF EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROPRENE VAPORS ARE PERMITTED.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1991 131P

1991 131P(inhibited)

UN 1991; CHLOROPRENE, INHIBITED

IMO 3.2; Chloroprene, inhibited

49 072 23; Chloroprene, inhibited

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Flammable Liquid Poison

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, T; R: 45-11-20/22-36/37/38-48/20; S: 53-45; Note: D, E

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I