2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.6% (306 of 6619) of reports.

H400 (42.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (84.3%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 6619 reports by companies from 92 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 306 of 6619 reports by companies.

There are 91 notifications provided by 6313 of 6619 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Fresh air

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Water or foam may cause frothing. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures and keep it away from all oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants and strong bases. Well closed.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non Combustible Solids.

General storage may be used. .. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from oxidizing agents (such as peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, perchlorates, and nitrates).

10.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

10 mg/m³

TWA 10 mg/m3

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

2.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 mg/cu m, inhalable fraction and vapor.

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

2 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2001]

(inhalable fraction): 10 mg/m

25 mg/kg/day for thyroid and liver damage. 100 mg/kg/day for cancer.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the liver.

Residues of butylated hydroxytoluene are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as an antioxidant in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Residues of butylated hydroxytoluene are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a antioxidant in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.

Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Important additional information about respirator selection

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Butylated hydroxytoluene is a white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)

Other Solid; Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals; Liquid; Large Crystals; Liquid; Other Solid

White, crystalline or flaked solid, odourless or having a characteristic faint aromatic odour

White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid with a slight, phenolic odor; (food preservative); [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-PALE-YELLOW CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid with a slight, phenolic odor.

White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid with a slight, phenolic odor. [food preservative]

White, crystalline solid

Crystals

Pale yellowish crystalline powder

White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid.

Very faint, musty, occasional cresylic-type odor

Tasteless

509 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

265.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

156 to 160 °F (NTP, 1992)

260 °F (NTP, 1992)

127.0 °C (260.6 °F) - closed cup

260 °F (127 °C) open cup

261 °F (127 °C) closed cup

127 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Insoluble in water and propane- 1,2-diol; Freely soluble in ethanol

In water, 0.6 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 0.4 mg/L at 20 °C

Insoluble in water

Freely soluble in toluene; soluble in methanol, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, cellosolve, benzene, most hydrocarbon solvents, ethanol, petroleum ether, liquid petrolatum (white oil): 0.5% wt/wt; more sol in food oils and fats than butylated hydroxyanisol; good solubility in linseed oil. Insoluble in propylene glycol

For more Solubility (Complete) data for 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.0006 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.00006

0.00004%

1.048 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.048 at 20 °C/4 °C

Density: 0.8937 g/cu cm at 75 °C

1.03-1.05 g/cm³

7.6 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 7.6

0.01 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

0.01 [mmHg]

5.16X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C

Insoluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

Phenols, such as BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE, do not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure. Instead, they react as weak organic acids. Phenols and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has pKa = 9.88). These materials are incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides. Flammable gas (H2) is often generated, and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas. Heat is also generated by the acid-base reaction between phenols and bases. Such heating may initiate polymerization of the organic compound. Phenols are sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature). The reactions generate heat. Phenols are also nitrated very rapidly, even by dilute nitric acid. Nitrated phenols often explode when heated. Many of them form metal salts that tend toward detonation by rather mild shock. May react with oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Incompatible materials: Acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, oxidizing agents, bases, brass, copper

It can react with oxidizing materials.

Oxidizers.

Oxidizers

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Butylated hydroxytoluene( BHT) is a white, crystalline, odorless solid. It is used as an antioxidant for fats and oils or in packaging material for fat containing foods. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and skin. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats fed high doses of BHT, showed increases in serum cholesterol in both sexes. Groups of weanling rats fed BHT in conjunction with lard supplementation had a reduction in growth rate, especially in males. BHT also increased absolute liver weight and the ratio of liver weight to body weight in both sexes. BHT increased the ratio of left adrenal weight to body weight in male rats but had no consistent effect in female rats. BHT administered to rats for 68-82 days caused reduction in rate of increase in weight and fatty infiltration of the liver. BHT was given in feed of rats and mice of both sex at 3000 or 6000 ppm; in rats 105 wk and 107 or 108 wk in mice. No tumors occurred in either sex of rats and mice. When tested for teratogenic properties BHT produced anophthalmia in offspring in rats, but not in mice. BHT administered to pregnant mice for 18 days along with another group fed BHT for 50 to 64 days including 18 das of pregnancy. No fetal abnormalities were observed. In a study using 144 mice, no blindness was observed in any of the 1162 litters representing 7765 offspring born throughout the reproductive life span of the mothers. BHT was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay in 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. BHT was negative in these tests and the highest ineffective dose tested in any Salmonella typhimurium strain was 10 mg/plate. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In salmon fed graded levels of BHT during a 12-week feeding followed by a 2-week depuration period, BHT selectively modulated toxicological responses in the xenobiotic biotransformation pathways during the feeding period.

BHT is metabolized to quinone methides (QMs) which are responsible for promoting tumor formation in many animal models. One example of a QM is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylenecyclohexa-2,5-dienone (BHT-QM). QMs are strongly electrophilic and readily form adducts with proteins. Some of the QM targets include redox proteins such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), carbonyl reductase, and selenium-binding protein 1, which have direct or indirect antioxidant functions. (A15087, A15355). The modification of these proteins leads to decreased cellular protection from electrophiles and oxidants. Alkylation also may interfere with GSTP1 regulation of stress kinases, thereby influencing phosphorylation and cell growth. BHT also binds to the retinoic acid receptor which can lead to changes in cell development.

No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 40: (1986) Some Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Food Components, Furocoumarins and Ultraviolet Radiation

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Butylated hydroxytoluene

TR-150: Bioassay of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 128-37-0) (1979 )

12/13/78

No Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, BHT was not carcinogenic for F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice.

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

BHT is of low acute toxicity. Acute exposure to BHT can cause coughs and sore throat (inhalation), redness on the skin (via contact) and abdominal pain, confusion, dizziness and nausea (via ingestion). Long-term exposure to high doses of BHT is toxic in mice and rats, causing liver, thyroid and kidney problems and affecting lung function and blood coagulation. BHT can act as a tumour promoter in certain situations (A15353) although it is not a genotoxic carcinogen. Limited evidence suggests that high doses of BHT may mimic estrogen (A15354), the primary female sex hormone, and prevent expression of male sex hormones, resulting in adverse reproductive affects. On chronic oral exposure of rats, liver and thyroid are the main targets. Doses above 25 mg/kg bw/day BHT resulted in thyroid hyperactivity and enlargement of the liver.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Ingestion; Inhalation

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Confusion. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting.

irritation eyes, skin; In Animals: decreased growth rate, increased liver weight

Eyes, skin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

0-0.5 MG/KG BODY WT

3 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

LD50 Rat oral 890 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 650 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 138 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 180 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

For acute exposure: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

During the DPPH scavenging assay carried out in non polar and non protic solvents, such as toluene, BHT regenerates alpha-tocopherol from tocopheryl radical, whereas in polar and protic solvents, like methanol, no regeneration is observed due to a fast electron transfer reaction from the tocopheryl radical to the reactive DPPH radical. ... In the presence of a small amount of alcohol, the synergy is exalted and BHT regenerates twice as much alpha-tocopherol due to a nucleophilic addition of short alcohols on the BHT oxidation product, giving a new phenolic co-antioxidant.

EC50; Species: Daphnia pulex (Water Flea) age <24 hr, neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, 17 °C; Concentration: 1440 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =96% purity/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka); Conditions: freshwater, static, 10 °C; Concentration: 17500 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 13500 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka); Conditions: freshwater, static, 30 °C; Concentration: 5300 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... We have studied the liver deposition and toxicological effects in salmon fed graded levels of BHT during a 12-week feeding followed by a 2-week depuration period using chemical, molecular, and catalytic assays. In general, our data showed that BHT was significantly retained in the liver and selectively modulated toxicological responses in the xenobiotic biotransformation pathways during the feeding period. Specifically, BHT produced consistent dose- and time-specific gene expression patterns for AhR2alpha, AhR2beta, CYP1A1, CYP3A, UGT1, and GSTpi. The effect of BHT on the gene expression of biotransformation enzyme did not parallel enzyme activity levels, suggesting a possible inhibition by parent BHT or its metabolites. As a safety precaution, the production of farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway requires a mandatory 2-week depuration period prior to slaughtering and market delivery to ensure the elimination of veterinary medicaments, additives, and other undesirable components. Comparison of feeding and depuration periods showed that BHT was highly retained in fish liver, as only 8-13% of fed BHT was eliminated during the 2-week depuration period. This is just a part of the total concentration in the whole fish, since BHT may have been distributed and accumulated in other organs. Since BHT or its metabolites putatively inhibited biotransformation enzymes and affected metabolism of the compound, they may have potential for toxicological and adverse health effects for both fish and fish consumers through carry-over processes from the fish products.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The aim of the present study was to test the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the cryopreservation of common carp spermatozoa. ... After sampling, common carp spermatozoa were diluted with an extender composed of modified Kurokura's extender, 10% DMSO, and 10% egg yolk containing 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mM BHT and subsequently frozen in liquid nitrogen. The post-thaw spermatozoa characteristics (i.e., progressive motility percentage (%), duration of progressive motility (s), fertilization rate (%), and eyed-eggs rate (%)) were evaluated and compared with those of the control group. There were significant increases in the percentage of progressive motility and the duration of progressive motility at the concentrations of 0.1 and 0.001 mM BHT (p<0.05). The duration of post-thawed spermatozoa progressive motility at 0.001 mM BHT was significantly greater than that of the other groups (39.6 +/- 0.4s, p<0.05), and the fertilization rates and eyed-eggs rates were also higher following the 0.1 and 1 mM BHT treatments. BHT at concentrations of more than 1 mM caused sperm immobility during the preparatory stages of the sperm freezing. We concluded that 0.001-0.1 mM BHT can be beneficial for the cryopreservation of common carp spermatozoa.

1.50e+02

6.40e+02

3.40e+00

8.0E+01(G)

1.00e-01

3.60e-03

3.00e-01

Volatile

1.50e+04

6.40e+04

3.40e+02

8.0E+01 (G)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol's production and use as an antioxidant for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps, as well as an antiiskinning agent in paints and inks and in aviation gasoline may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.16X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be one day. 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol absorbs UV light at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is expected to be immobile based upon an estimated Koc of 1.5X10+4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing three soil innocula, 48.4-57.3% biodegradation was reached in 24 days(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Utilizing a sludge innocula, 4.5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 6 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. BCF values of 330-1800, 230-2500 and 220-2800 suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol. (SRC)

2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol's production and use as an antioxidant(1) for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps, as well as an antiiskinning agent in paints and inks(2) and in aviation gasoline(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.5X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.16X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Utilizing three soil innocula, 48.4-57.3% biodegradation was reached in 24 days(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.5X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 330-1800, 230-2500 and 220-2800(6) suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Utilizing a sludge innocula, 4.5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, which has a vapor pressure of 5.16X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol, present at 50 mg/L, reached 4.5% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using a sludge inocula at 50 ppm(1). Using a Kodaira (sandy clay loam; pH 5.5, 31% sand, 40% silt, 29% clay; 15.3% organic matter; Tokoyo), Azuchi (light clay; pH 6.3, 65% sand, 18% silt, 17% clay; 2.5% organic matter; Shiga Pref) and Takarazuka (sandy loam; pH 7.0, 95% sand, 3% silt, 2% clay; 2.7% organic matter; Hyogo Pref) soils in Japan, 14C-labeled 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol was degraded 57.3, 55.8 and 48.4% degraded, respectively, after 24 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about one days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol absorbs UV light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, maybe susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 14C-Labelled 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol photodegraded to approximately 6% in 30 days in distilled water. However, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol was unstable in water with or without irradiation(4).

BCF values 330-1800, 230-2500 and 220-2800 were measured for 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol present at 5, 50 and 500 ppb, respectively, using rice fish (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 6 to 8-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol can be estimated to be 1.5X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is estimated as 2.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 120 days when adsorption is considered(3). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.16X10-3 mm Hg(4).

GROUNDWATER: 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was present in 106 of 106 samples of groundwater sampled in the UK from 1992 to 2009. The maximum concentration reported was 7.0 ug/L(1). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected in www of 20 groundwater samples collected from Kabwe, Central Province, Zambia between September 2013 (dry season) to January 2014 (wet season) at max concentrations of 0.4 ans 0.3 ng/L, respectively. The possibility of sample contamination as the source could not be ruled out(2). The compound was detected at 0.056, 0.200, 0.071, 0.096, 0.079 ug/L in groundwater samples from a rapid infiltration treatment site in Phoenix, AZ, monitored February 26 to March 1, 1980. The concentration in applied sewage was 0.350-0.367 ug/L(3).

DRINKING WATER: 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected not quantified in 1 of 1 water sample from a residence in Bayonne/Elizabeth, NJ collected between July and December 1980(1). The compound was detected at median concentrations of 49 ng/L, 26 ng/L and below the maximum reporting limit in source water, finished drinking water and tap water, respectively, from 19 US water utilities analyzed between 2006 and 2007(2).

SURFACE WATER: 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was present at 0.46, 0.63 and 1.21 ug/L 7543, 4021 and 283 meters upstream, respectively, of the Kaellby Sewage Treatment Plant on the Hoje River, Sweden. Sampling was conducted on October 21, 2002(1). The compound was detected in samples collected in Northern (majority of samples form teh Po River basin), Central (Tiber and Arno Rivers) and Southern Italy from 1997 to 2013 at a maximum concentration of 3.75X10+3 ng/L(2). 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected, not quantified in the Besos and Llobregat Rivers, Spain, sampled from March 1985 - March 1986(3).

SEAWATER: 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected, not quantified in water samples from the coasts of Barcelona and Vilanova-Sitges, and in La Pineda, beach, Spain, collected from March 1985 - March 1986(1).

2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was present at 2.53 and 0.61 ug/L in the influent and effluent respectively, of the Kaellby Sewage Treatment Plant on the Hoje River, Sweden, representing a removal efficiency of 76%. Sampling was conducted on October 21, 2002(1). The compound was detected at <2800 ng/L in agricultural runoff from vegetable fields irrigated with treated wastewater effluent. Fields were located in the Callaguas Creek watershed, Ventura Co, southern California and sampled from July 1999 - April 2000(2).

INDOOR: 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected in 50% of samples of indoor air from 26 houses in Helsinki, Finland at a low relative occurrence(1).

2.6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected in raw beef volatiles (volatile fraction 7.82%)(1). It was detected, not quantified in volatiles from roasted filbrets(2).

2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected in emissions from 10 of 44 tested lacquers and foils used for furniture coatings(1). The compound was present at concentrations of 54.1 ug/cu m in the air from a new parked motor vehicle; it was not detected in air from a parked used vehicle(2).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 23 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol in the United States may be considered as confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 591,238 workers (163,774 of these are female) were potentially exposed to 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is produced or used. 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol was detected not quantified in 1 of 8 breathing zone samples from Bayonne/ Elizabeth, NJ, collected between July and December 1980(2). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.