arsenicoxide

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (52.7%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301+H331 (31.1%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (47.3%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 74 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 minutes of exposure but may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Arsenic Pentoxide Exposure: Hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), dehydration, intense thirst, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are among the first signs and symptoms noticed following acute arsenic pentoxide exposure. Headache, conjunctivitis (red, inflamed eyes), runny nose, and lacrimation (tearing) are also common. Garlic odor of breath and feces may be noted. Cardiovascular effects include shock, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), ventricular fibrillation, and other cardiac abnormalities. Pulmonary edema may occur. Altered mental status, seizures, and delirium are further complications of arsenic pentoxide exposure. Intense muscle cramping is common. Exposure to airborne dust is generally accompanied by irritation of exposed skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to arsenic pentoxide exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to arsenic pentoxide.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. RUSH to a health care facility!

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to arsenic pentoxide.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.

6. RUSH to a health care facility!

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. RUSH to a health care facility!

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of arsenic pentoxide is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

5. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of arsenic pentoxide may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

5.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3- 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

- Arsenic pentoxide is non-combustible; the substance itself does not burn, but it may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

- Fire may produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases.

- For small fires use dry chemical, CO2, or water spray.

- For large fires use water spray, fog, or regular foam. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

- For fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from the area and let the fire burn.

- If the situation allows, control and properly dispose of run-off (effluent).

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Use flooding quantities of water as spray. Control runoff and isolate discharge material for proper disposal. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.

Personal precautions: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary.

Floors and other accessible surfaces contaminated with inorganic arsenic may not be cleaned by the use of compressed air, and shoveling and brushing may be used only where vacuuming or other relevant methods have been tried and found not to be effective. /Inorganic arsenic compounds/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P011, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.[

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D004, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Arsenic/[

Dissolve in a minimum of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Dilute with water until white precipitate forms. Add HCl to dissolve. Saturate with H2S; filter and wash precipitate and return to supplier. Alternatively, precipitate with heavy metals such as lime or ferric hydroxide in lieu of H2S...

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ...

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong bases, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

Store in tightly-closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from metals, acids and other incompatible materials.

Protect container against physical damage. Store in well ventilated area away from food or food products and combustible materials. /Inorganic arsenic cmpd/

Separate from acids, halogens, aluminum, and zinc. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine = 35 ug As/L; end of workweek;

The compound is currently at the Holding Status AEGLs which have been reviewed by the NAC/AEGL Committee and are on hold due to insufficient data to develop AEGL values.

AEGLs Status: Holding

0.030 [mg/m3]

8.0 [mg/m3]

150 [mg/m3]

0.01 [mg/m3], as As

5 mg As/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

5.0 [mg/m3], as As

5 mg/cu m (as As); NIOSH considers arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/

8 hr Time weighted Avg (TWA) 0.01 mg/cu m. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

BEI (Biological Exposure Index): Determinant: Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine; Sampling Time: end of workweek; BEI: 35 ug As/L. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. /Arsenic, elemental and soluble inorganic compounds (excludes gallium arsenide and arsine)/

0.01 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): 0.01 mg/m

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 3A.

Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Max allowable concn (USSR) 0.3 mg/cu m

... The following countries had adopted the ... TLV of 0.5 mg/cu m: Austria, Belgium, Finland, Japan, and Holland. Czechoslavakia, East Germany, Hungary and Poland ... USSR ... 0.3 mg/cu m; Romania and Switzerland, 0.2 mg/cu m; Sweden 0.05 mg/cu m; and Italy 0.25 mg/cu m. /Arsenic and sol cmpd/

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

The substance and the aerosol are irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. The substance may cause effects on the blood, cardiovascular system, liver and central nervous system. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Chronic low-level exposure to arsenic typically occurs from occupational or environmental sources. Chronic exposure to arsenic carries an increased risk of skin, lung, bladder, and possibly liver cancers. Exposure to arsenic (organic) does not cause reproductive or developmental toxicity but has been associated with degeneration of certain nerves (peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy) and peripheral vascular disease. The sequence of chronic arsenic poisoning is as follows: weakness (malaise); appetite loss (anorexia); liver enlargement (hepatomegaly); yellowish coloration of the skin and tissues (jaundice); and gastrointestinal complaints. Inhalation exposure can lead to inflammation of the membranes of the eyes (conjunctivitis), irritation of the throat and respiratory tract, and perforation of the nasal septum. Skin changes include inflammation (dermatitis), darkening, pigmentation changes, and hyperkeratosis (thickening of the outer layer of the skin, especially the palms and soles); these changes can take 3 to 7 years to appear. Eye effects of chronic arsenic exposure include tear production (lacrimation) and pigment spots in certain eye tissues (corneal and conjunctival epithelium).

Arsenic pentoxide appears as a white crystalline solid. Noncombustible. Corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture. Toxic by ingestion.

White deliquescent solid; [Hawley] White odorless powder; Soluble in water (132 g/L at 20 deg C); [MSDSonline]

WHITE HYGROSCOPIC POWDER.

White, shapeless (amorphous), crystalline, lumpy solid or powder.

White amorphous powder

White translucent crystals

White, crystalline solid

Amorphous lumps or powder

White, amorphous, deliquescent solid

Boiling point (-H2O): 160 °C /Hemihydrate/

599 °F (EPA, 1998)

Not flammable (EPA, 1998)

In water, 65.8 g/100 g at 20 °C

Freely soluble in water or alcohol

Very soluble in ethanol

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 65.8 (good)

4.32 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

4.32 g/cu cm

4.3 g/cm³

4.32 @25 °C

Gradually deliquesces on exposure to air

The pH of aqueous solutions appears to be a major factor in the relative stability. ... Pentavalent inorganic arsenic ... is relatively stable at neutral or alkaline pH but undergoes reduction with decreasing pH. /Pentavalent inorganic arsenic/

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Arsenic pentoxide is thermally unstable & begins to decompose near the melting point, about 300 °C. The vapor obtained is /completely/ dissociated into oxygen & arsenic trioxide.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of arsenic.

Decomposes above 300 °C.

Corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture.

Decomposes at 800 °C

Combines very slowly with water to form H3AsSO4; gradually deliquesces on exposure to air.

Thermally unstable ... deliquescent

Metals -> Arsenic Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

-> NIOSH Emergency Response Categories

Dissolves in water to give solutions of arsenic acid.

Anhydrides

Oxidizing Agents, Weak

Acids, Weak

Water-Reactive

ARSENIC PENTOXIDE is an oxidizing acid. Oxidizing acids are generally soluble in water with the release of hydrogen ions. The resulting solutions have pH's of less than 7.0. Materials in this group react with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts. These neutralization reactions occur as the base accepts hydrogen ions that the acid donates. Neutralizations can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces. The dissolution of acids in water or the dilution of their concentrated solutions with water may generate significant heat. The addition of water acids often generates sufficient heat in the small region of mixing to boil some of the water explosively. The resulting "bumping" spatters acid widely. These materials have significant ability as oxidizing agents. but that ability varies (for example, from high for nitric acid to low for sulfuric acid and most sulfonic acids). They can react with active metals, including iron and aluminum, and also many less active metals, to dissolve the metal and liberate hydrogen and/or toxic gases. Like other acids, materials in this group can initiate polymerization in certain classes of organic compounds. Their reactions with cyanide salts and compounds release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases are also often generated by their reactions with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and weak or strong reducing agents. Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and even carbonates: the carbon dioxide gas from the last is nontoxic but the heat and spattering from the reaction can be troublesome. Acids often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

With bromine pentafluoride: Contact with arsenic pentoxide at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures is violent, ignition often occurring.

Arsenic pentoxide is an oxidizing agent capable of liberating chlorine from hydrogen chloride.

Reacts vigorously with Rb2C2.

Dangerous when heated to decomposition, or when metallic arsenic contacts acids or acid fumes, or when water solutions of arsenals are in contact with active metals such as iron, aluminum, or zinc. /Arsenic cmpd/

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans. NOTE: This evaluation applies to the group of chemicals as a whole and not necessarily to all individual chemicals within the group. /Arsenic and arsenic compounds/

Cancer Classification: Group A Human Carcinogen

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking water high in inorganic arsenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Inorganic Arsenic/ /based on former classification system/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

For more Evidence for Carcinogenicity (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, esepcially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Arsenic pentoxide is readily absorbed into the body via ingestion, inhalation, and through mucosal membranes. Unless it is mixed with a solvent to enhance absorption, arsenic pentoxide is minimally absorbed through intact skin. Arsenic pentoxide can be absorbed through broken skin. Eye exposure to arsenic pentoxide can cause irritation, but it is not associated with systemic toxicity.

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2)

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Chest pain. See Ingestion.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Severe thirst. Muscle cramps. Shock or collapse. Symptoms may be delayed.

- Arsenic pentoxide dust causes eye irritation, itching, burning, mild temporary redness and/or inflammation of the eye membrane (conjunctivitis), watering (lacrimation), temporary double vision (diplopia), abnormal sensitivity to light (photophobia), vision dimness, and other transient eye damage or lesion formation (ulceration).

- The classic presentation of arsenic pentoxide toxicity revolves around the gastrointestinal symptoms described in Signs/Symptoms, General. Other signs and symptoms include fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), adult respiratory distress (ARS), toxic delirium, pain in the extremities and muscles, absence of urination (anuria), blood and protein in the urine (hematuria and proteinuria), tissue swelling in the extremities (peripheral edema), headache, loss of appetite (anorexia), and vertigo. Skin findings are uncommon but may include flushing and sweating (diaphoresis). Severe toxicity may cause respiratory failure, kidney damage and failure, cellular liver damage (hepatocellular damage), and mania.

- See also Inhalation.

- Inhalation of arsenic pentoxide may cause respiratory tract irritation, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, chest pain, fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema, headache, dizziness, and weakness).

- See also Ingestion.

- Skin contact with arsenic pentoxide may cause redness from capillary dilation (erythema), burning sensation, pain, itchy rash, swelling, and eruptions. These effects may be increased in the presence of humid environments, moisture, or perspiration on the skin.

Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of burn (T1).

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Aplastic anemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

WHO= 0.002 mg/kg /Inorganic arsenic compounds, as As; from table/

LD50: 8 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50 Rat oral 8 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 55 mg/kg

LD50 rabbit intravenous 6 mg/kg

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Arsenic and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Treat seizures if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Arsenic and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload and pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Arsenic and related compounds/

Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. 2. Treat coma, shock, and arrhythmias if they occur. Because of the association of arsenic with prolonged QT intervals, avoid quinidine, procainamide, and other type 1a antiarrhythmic agents. Phenothiazines should not be given aws antiemetics or antipsychotics because of their ability to prolong the QT interval and lower the seizure threshold. 2. Treat hypotension and fluid loss with aggressive use of IV crystalloid solutions, along with vasopressor agents if needed, to support blood pressure and optimize urine output. 4. Prolonged in-patient support and observation are indicated for patients with significant acute intoxication because cardiopulmonary and neurologic complications may be delayed for several days. Continuous cardiac monitoring beyond 48 hours is warranted in patients with persistent symptoms or evidence of toxin-related cardiovascular disturbance, including ECG abnormalities, or any degree of congestive heart failure. /Arsenic/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Cancer magister (Dungeness or edible crab); Conditions: saltwater, static, 15 °C, pH 8.1, salinity 33.79%, dissolved oxygen 6.5-8.0 mg/L; Concentration: 232 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Morone saxatilis (Striped bass) age 63 days; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, hardness 475 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 30500 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 21292-43690 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Morone saxatilis (Striped bass) age 63 days; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, hardness 285 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 40500 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 32022-51223 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Morone saxatilis (Striped bass) weight 1.8 g; Conditions: saltwater, static, 25 °C, pH 8.12, hardness 4430 mg/L CaCO3, salinity 22.5 ppt, alkalinity 88 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 10300 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 6400-13500 ug/L)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ This manuscript reports the toxic effects of As2O3 (arsenic trioxide) and As2O5 (arsenic pentoxide) on S. kali as well as the arsenic and phosphate uptake and arsenic coordination within plant tissues. Plants were germinated and grown for 15 days on a Hoagland-modified medium containing either As(III) (arsenic trioxide) or As(V) (arsenic pentoxide). Subsequently, the seedlings were measured and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. Plants stressed with 2 mg/L of whichever As(III) or As(V) concentrated 245 +/- 19, 30 +/- 1, and 60 +/- 3 mg As /kg dry weight or 70 +/- 6, 10 +/- 0.3, and 27 +/- 3 mg As/kg dry weight in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Arsenate was less toxic, and more As translocation occurred from the roots to the leaves. All treatments reduced P concentration at root level; however, only As(V) at 2 and 4 mg/L reduced P concentration at leaf level. Regardless the arsenic species supplied to the plants, arsenic was found in plant tissues as As(III) coordinated to three sulfur ligands with an interatomic distance of approximately 2.25 angstroms.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Arsenic pentoxide's production and use in the manufacture of colored glass, arsenates, in adhesives for metals(1) and in dyeing and printing(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as in wood preservatives, in weed control, and as a fungicide(1,2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Stagnicola emarginata (snail) exposed to /SRP: a solution of/ arsenic pentoxide for 28 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 3; Helisoma campanualtum (snail) exposed to arsenic pentoxide for 28 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 6; Daphnia magna (cladoceran) exposed to arsenic acid for 4 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 21; Gammarus pseudolimnaeus (amphipod) exposed to arsenic pentoxide for 28 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 0; Pteronarcys dorsata (stonefly) exposed to arsenic pentoxide for 28 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 7; Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) exposed to arsenic pentoxide for 28 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 0; Pimephales (fathead minnow) exposed to arsenic pentoxide for 30 days exhibited a bioaccumulation factor of 3.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of arsenic pentoxide is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 14,394 workers (5,393 of these were female) were potentially exposed to arsenic pentoxide in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to arsenic pentoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where arsenic pentoxide is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to arsenic pentoxide via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing arsenic pentoxide(SRC).

Workers applying arsenic solution to wood (garden fences, weekend cottages or new houses) were exposed to arsenic pentoxide; median arsenic exposures were 3.7 and 0.9 ug As/cu m for workers preparing wood garden fencing indoors and treating weekend cottages outdoors, respectively. The product composition was 26.6% chromium(III)oxide, 14.8% copper(II)oxide, 34% arsenic(V)oxide and 24.6% confidential components(1).

The mean, median and range concentration of inorganic arsenic in 23 urine samples from individuals handling products containing arsenic pentoxide were 23.4, 19.5 and 11.5 to 48.4 As/mmol creatinine, respectively(1). The mean and range concentration of inorganic arsenic, which includes arsenic (V) is 2-91 ug/L urine from a Hawaiian study population. Among residents of a West Bengal, India region inflicted with blackfoot disease, As(V) accounted for 21.5% of total arsenic species in fingernail samples(2).

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P011, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.[

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D004, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Arsenic/[

Dissolve in a minimum of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Dilute with water until white precipitate forms. Add HCl to dissolve. Saturate with H2S; filter and wash precipitate and return to supplier. Alternatively, precipitate with heavy metals such as lime or ferric hydroxide in lieu of H2S...

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ARSENIC PENTOXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1559; Arsenic pentoxide

IMO 6.1; Arsenic pentoxide

49 231 12; Arsenic pentoxide, solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-23/25-50/53; S: 53-45-60-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II