beryllium oxide

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (98%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (98%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (98%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (98%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: take chest x-ray immediately to check for pneumonitis.

INGESTION: induce vomiting; get medical attention.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.; get medical attention.

SKIN: cuts or puncture wounds in which beryllium may be embedded under the skin should be thoroughly cleansed immediately by a physician. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use fine water spray. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Control of environmental exposure: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

0.00042 [mg/m3]

0.025 [mg/m3]

0.10 [mg/m3]

0.002 [mg/m3], as Be, Ceiling(OSHA) = 0.005 mg/m3, as Be(0.025 mg/m3,as Be,for 30 min.peak per 8-hr shift)

4 mg Be/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

4.0 [mg/m3], as Be

NIOSH considers beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be) to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

0.00005 [mg/m3], as Be, inhalable fraction

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.00005 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction); Skin. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

2013 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): Updates of Sensitizer (SEN) Notations to Dermal Sensitizer (DSEN) and/or Respiratory Sensitizer (RSEN). The following substances are placed on the NIC for review of this notation only. Substance: Beryllium and compounds, as Be; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.00005 mg/cu m (Inhalable fraction); Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): None; Notations: Skin; Dermal Sensitization (DSEN), Respiratory Sensitization (RSEN); A1: Confirmed human carcinogen.; Molecular Weight: 9.01; TLV Basis: Beryllium sensitization; Beryllium disease (berylliosis). /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

(as Be): (inhalable fraction): 0.00005 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): 0.0002 mg/m

sensitization of respiratory tract and skin (SAH); carcinogen category: 1.

Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134)

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Inhalation of dust or fume may cause chemical pneumonitis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Exposure could cause death.

Sensitization to the substance, through repeated or prolonged inhalation or skin contact, may result in serious granulomatous lung disease (chronic beryllium disease). This substance is carcinogenic to humans.

Respiratory protection; gloves; freshly laundered clothing; chemical safety goggles (USCG, 1999)

Respiratory protection Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Eye/face protection Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use closed system.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Beryllium oxide is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)

Dry Powder

White solid; Insoluble in water; [Hawley] White odorless powder; [MSDSonline] Very sparingly soluble in water; [ACGIH]

WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

White hexagonal crystals

Light, amorphous powder

White, amorphous powder or white hexagonal crystals

Odorless

Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in acid and alkali solutions

2 ug/100 mL in water at 30 °C; soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, fused potassium hydroxide

Slowly soluble in concentrated acids or fixed alkali hydroxides

Solubility in water: insoluble

3 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.01 g/cu cm

3.0 g/cm³

3.01 @25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Index of refraction: 1.719, 1.733

After ignition it is almost insoluble in water, concentrated acids or solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides

Mohs hardness: 9

Extremely stable ... its stability depends on its structure and is determined by the content of bound water. The higher the calcination temperature, the more inert the beryllium oxide.

Pure (100%) beryllium oxide insulates electrically like a ceramic, but conducts heat like a metal.

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Metals -> Beryllium Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

The amount of heat generated by hydrolysis may be large.

Bases, Strong

Water-Reactive

... Can react explosively with magnesium when heated.

Acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, molten lithium. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (L25, A37, A91)

There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds cause cancer of the lung. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

Beryllium and beryllium compounds are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. /Beryllium and compounds/

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Acute inhalation of a high level of beryllium can result in a pneumonia-like condition called acute beryllium disease. Chronic inhalation of beryllium can cause an inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system called chronic beryllium disease. Chronic beryllium disease may result in anorexia and weight loss, as well as right side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases. Chronic exposure can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Skin contact with beryllium results in contact dermatitus. (L24, L25)

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L24)

Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough. (L24, L25)

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

LD50: 0.5 mg (Oral, Rat) (L477)

LD50: 40-75 mg/m3 (Chronic Inhalation, Rabbit) (L477)

LD50: 100 ug/m3 (Acute Inhalation, Rat) (L477)

Chronic beryllium disease is treated with immunosuppressive medicines, usually of the glucocorticoid class. (L24)

Guinea pigs sensitized by 12 biweekly intradermal injections of 10 ug beryllium sulfate reacted with delayed hypersensitivity to max subtoxic skin test doses of 5 ug beryllium oxide, with persistent granulomata and sensitivity proportional to solubility of salt.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Acute illness ... in beryllium industry ... reported ... /during/ ... processing of beryl ore for prodn of beryllium oxide. Thirty-eight cases with five deaths ... reported. Symptoms include cough, dyspnea, substernal pain, anorexia, increasing fatigue, & weight loss.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ A chronic pulmonary condition known as 'berylliosis' ... is frequently fatal ... pulmonary x-rays demonstrated a miliary mottling, & interstitial granulomatosis was diagnosed ... caused by beryllium cmpd of low solubility, particularly the low fired oxide. No established dose response relationship ...

/CASE REPORTS/ Two cases of human carcinomas by beryllium aerosols were reported. In one case, an adult male had contact with the dust, vapors, and gases of beryllium oxide and beryllium chloride for about 3 years. 3 years after employment ceased, the worker had shadows in both pulmonary x-ray midfields. /14 years later/ autopsy confirmed the presence of carcinoma in the right pulmonary upper lobe, with metastases ...

/CASE REPORTS/ ... Persons who had ... constant exposure to beryllium oxide for 5 years showed appreciable excretion after 6 years' removal from contact ... no evidence of pulmonary involvement.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Early pulmonary changes in guinea pigs that were morphologically similar to a characteristic delayed hypersensitivity, after the animals had received low-calcined beryllium oxide intratracheally. /Also/ displayed dermal hypersensitivity to beryllium sulfate. The tissue reactions induced by beryllium cmpd should be considered immunologic reactions of the delayed or tuberculin type.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Fischer 344 rats were exposed for 1 hr to an aerosol of beryllium oxide generated at a temperature of 560 degrees C. An initial lung burden of 500 + or - 4.1 ng beryllium was achieved. Animals were killed at 2.5 hr, and 2, 12, and 21 days postexposure. Bronchopulmonary lavage fluids were analyzed biochemically for enzymes, protein, lipids, and sialic acid, and cytologically to determine the composition of the free alveolar cell population. Nonspecific phacytosis of yeast was measured in adherent macrophages. There were increases in all the biochemical parameters by 2 days postexposure, which peaked by Day 5 and then began to return to control levels. The cytological response on Days 2 and 5 was characterized by polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration and a depression in macrophage number and phagocytic activity. By Day 12, increased numbers of newly recruited macrophages with supranormal phagocytic activity populated the lung. During the same period, there was a reduction in lavage protein and lipid levels, perhaps due to a restoration of normal clearance mechanisms. Tissue morphological changes correlated well with the cytological and biochemical alterations.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ ... Rats ... were given intratracheal admin of beryllium oxide, produced by calcining beryllium hydroxide for 10 hr at 500 °C ... lung tumors developed after 7-8 MO. In contrast, lung of rats treated with beryllium oxide produced by calcining beryllium hydroxide for 10 hr at 1600 °C ... showed minimal pathological changes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Granulomatous pulmonary lesions, resembling to some extent the 'berylliosis' seen in humans, has been produced after exposure of guinea pigs or rats to beryllium oxide. Observed osteosclerosis in rabbits and mice injected intravenously with beryllium oxide.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 150 ug/L for 96 hr, soft water; 20,000 ug/L for 96 hr, hard water /Beryllium ion/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static; Concentration: 1,300 ug/L for 96 hr, softwater; 12,000 ug/L for 96 hr, hardwater /Beryllium ion/

EC50; Species: Cladoceran (daphnia magna); Concentration: 2,500 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: reproduction /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Beryllium ion/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish); Conditions: flow through, measured; Concentration: 4,800 ug/Be/L, time not specified /Beryllium ion/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Mineral: bromellite; composition: beryllium oxide; geological occurrence: veins; geological distribution: Sweden. /From table/

AQUATIC FATE: In aqueous solution, beryllium exhibits only the +2 oxidation state(1). Soluble beryllium salts are hydrolyzed to form insoluble beryllium hydroxides(2). Under typical environmental conditions, the hydroxo-complex BeOH+ and Be2+, are expected to be the dominant dissolved species(1). Be(OH)2 is expected to precipitate from water given its low solubility at the pH range of most natural systems(1).

Bioconcentration of 100 fold can occur under constant exposure. Not significant in spill conditions.

Beryllium is not likely to be found in natural water in greater than trace amt, because of the relative insolubility of beryllium oxides & hydroxides @ normal pH range of such water.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of beryllium oxide is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 150 ug/L for 96 hr, soft water; 20,000 ug/L for 96 hr, hard water /Beryllium ion/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static; Concentration: 1,300 ug/L for 96 hr, softwater; 12,000 ug/L for 96 hr, hardwater /Beryllium ion/

EC50; Species: Cladoceran (daphnia magna); Concentration: 2,500 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: reproduction /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Beryllium ion/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish); Conditions: flow through, measured; Concentration: 4,800 ug/Be/L, time not specified /Beryllium ion/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Mineral: bromellite; composition: beryllium oxide; geological occurrence: veins; geological distribution: Sweden. /From table/

AQUATIC FATE: In aqueous solution, beryllium exhibits only the +2 oxidation state(1). Soluble beryllium salts are hydrolyzed to form insoluble beryllium hydroxides(2). Under typical environmental conditions, the hydroxo-complex BeOH+ and Be2+, are expected to be the dominant dissolved species(1). Be(OH)2 is expected to precipitate from water given its low solubility at the pH range of most natural systems(1).

Bioconcentration of 100 fold can occur under constant exposure. Not significant in spill conditions.

Beryllium is not likely to be found in natural water in greater than trace amt, because of the relative insolubility of beryllium oxides & hydroxides @ normal pH range of such water.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of beryllium oxide is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,305 workers (849 of these were female) were potentially exposed to beryllium oxide in the US(1).

... The range of industrial processes that could lead to occupational exposure /of beryllium oxide/ has expanded. ... mining, extraction, refining, alloy mfr, metallurgical operations, mfr ceramics, electronic equipment, non-ferrous foundry products, aerospace equipment, tools & dies ...

Processing & manufacturing activities /with the potential for exposure to beryllium oxide/ include ... beryllium-alloy machining, molding, grinding, cutting & fabrication as well as processes in the electroplating and atomic energy industries.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1566; Beryllium compounds, NOS

IMO 6.1; Beryllium compounds, NOS

49 232 16; Beryllium compounds, not otherwise specified

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Beryllium compounds, NOS/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+; R: 49-25-26-36/37/38-43-48/23; S: 53-45; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II