Calcium peroxide

H272 (97.1%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H315 (94.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (94.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (94.3%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 140 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H272 (100%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 38 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P220, P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, P317, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

INHALATION: remove to fresh air.

EYES: flush with water for 15 min. and consult physician.

SKIN: flush with water.

INGESTION: give large amounts of water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Flood with water, or use dry powder (eg, graphite or powdered limestone).

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for CALCIUM PEROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Accidental release measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust.; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CALCIUM PEROXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

U.S.B.M. -approved toxic dust respirator; general-purpose gloves; chemical safety goggles; full cover clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

/NIOSH certified/ toxic dust respirator; general-purpose gloves; chemical safety goggles; full cover clothing.

Calcium peroxide appears as a grayish white granular material. Used in baking, in medicine, in bleaching oils.

White or yellowish odorless solid; Slightly soluble in water; Decomposes in moist air; [Merck Index] Yellowish odorless powder; Insoluble in water; [MSDSonline]

White or yellowish powder

White tetragonal crystals

Odorless

Almost tasteless

Decomp at 200 °C

Slightly soluble in water

Soluble in acids with formation of hydrogen peroxide

2.92 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.9 g/cu cm

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Decomposes in moist air.

... Heat, shock or catalysts can cause violent decomposition. /Peroxides, inorganic/

... Decomposes /at/ approximately 200 °C ...

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.895

Hygroscopic

Decomposes in moist air

Heat of decomposition: -135 Btu/lb= -75 cal/g= -3.1x10+5 J/kg

Metals -> Peroxides, Metal

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Oxidising

DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT, SEQUESTRANT -> FDA Substance added to food

Isoluble in water and slowly decomposed by water to produce calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 636].

Salts, Basic

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

CALCIUM PEROXIDE is an explosion hazard if mixed with finely divided organic matter. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material: mixtures of combustible material and the peroxide can be ignited by friction or contact with moisture. Mixtures with polysulfide polymers may ignite. Decomposes rapidly above 200 °C. Strongly basic. Reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 636].

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, organic materials, powdered metals, reducing agents, heavy metals, sulfides, water, fluorine, ethanol.

Dry calcium peroxide floating on liquid polysulfide polymers containing mercaptan radicals caused flashing in small scale tests and ignition in plant scale processes.

A strong alkali and strong oxidizer. Incompatible with reducing agents, combustible materials, polysulfide polymers.

Reacts very slowly with water at room temperature to form limewater & oxygen gas. Heavy metals & dirt can accelerate decomposition to lime & oxygen. The reaction is not explosive.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for CALCIUM PEROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Calcium peroxide is white or yellowish powder. It is used as a stabilizer for rubber. Other uses including seed disinfectant, dentifrices, dough conditioners, antiseptic, bleaching of oils, modification of starches, high temperature oxidation. An important application of calcium peroxide is for curing the polysulfide sealants used in double glazing window units. Calcium peroxide is also used at several gold mines in Australia to increase recovery of gold and reduce the consumption of cyanide. Calcium peroxide has been identified as being used in hydraulic fracturing as a breaker. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact with calcium peroxide can severely irritate and may burn the skin and eyes. Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Prolonged exposure can damage the skin. Higher levels of calcium peroxide can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Still higher exposures may cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause death. ANIMAL STUDIES: Experiments with calcium peroxide revealed that the compound is not toxic to dogs treated orally. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: New method was proposed for increasing the oxygen level in lakes using granulated calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a slow oxygen releasing compound. This compound releases oxygen (O2) in a reaction with water during 5 to 7 months. The method was tested in both laboratory and field conditions.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic peroxides/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic peroxides/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open". Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic peroxides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Higher levels /of calcium peroxide/ can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Still higher exposures may cause a build up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause death.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Contact /with calcium peroxide/ can severely irritate and may burn the skin and eyes. Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat ... Prolonged exposure can damage the skin.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Experiments with calcium peroxide revealed that the compound is not toxic to dogs treated orally.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The sediment and hypolimnion of many Finnish lakes suffer from anoxia due to increasing nutrient loading. The aim of this research was to develop a method for increasing the oxygen level using granulated calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a slow oxygen releasing compound. This compound releases oxygen (O2) in a reaction with water during 5 to 7 months. The method was tested in both laboratory and field conditions. In the field test granulated CaO2 were then spread manually from a rowing boat over the whole surface of the test pond. The granules sink onto and into the sediment. No mixing was needed. The dissolved oxygen concentration increased significantly during a laboratory experiment with a CaO2 amendment of 75 g/sq m and in a pond experiment with a CaO2 amendment of 50 g/sq m. In the pond experiment, the effect was visible for the entire 40-week experiment. In the laboratory, the abundance of aerobic bacteria increased in the sediment after CaO2 addition, while the pond experiment gave more mixed results. The organic matter content of the sediment did not change during the experiment in the control pond, but decreased from 18% to 4% in the pond with the CaO2 amendment. This was possibly due to enhanced microbial activity in the test pond. Although the results show improved oxygen concentrations and effects on the sediment organic matter following CaO2 amendment, the usability of this method in larger lakes remains to be tested.

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in manufacturing, processing, or use of calcium peroxide in the United States is unknown due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,652 (1,039 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium peroxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to calcium peroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calcium peroxide is produced or used(SRC).

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The sediment and hypolimnion of many Finnish lakes suffer from anoxia due to increasing nutrient loading. The aim of this research was to develop a method for increasing the oxygen level using granulated calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a slow oxygen releasing compound. This compound releases oxygen (O2) in a reaction with water during 5 to 7 months. The method was tested in both laboratory and field conditions. In the field test granulated CaO2 were then spread manually from a rowing boat over the whole surface of the test pond. The granules sink onto and into the sediment. No mixing was needed. The dissolved oxygen concentration increased significantly during a laboratory experiment with a CaO2 amendment of 75 g/sq m and in a pond experiment with a CaO2 amendment of 50 g/sq m. In the pond experiment, the effect was visible for the entire 40-week experiment. In the laboratory, the abundance of aerobic bacteria increased in the sediment after CaO2 addition, while the pond experiment gave more mixed results. The organic matter content of the sediment did not change during the experiment in the control pond, but decreased from 18% to 4% in the pond with the CaO2 amendment. This was possibly due to enhanced microbial activity in the test pond. Although the results show improved oxygen concentrations and effects on the sediment organic matter following CaO2 amendment, the usability of this method in larger lakes remains to be tested.

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in manufacturing, processing, or use of calcium peroxide in the United States is unknown due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,652 (1,039 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium peroxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to calcium peroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calcium peroxide is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 140 OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 140 OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 140 OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 140 OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CALCIUM PEROXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1457; Calcium peroxide

IMO 5.1; Calcium peroxide

49 187 17; Calcium peroxide

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Oxidizer