Sodium pentachlorophenolate

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311 (61.8%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 170 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Signs and Symptoms of Sodium Pentachlorophenate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of sodium pentachlorophenate exposure include skin irritation, irritation and burning of eyes, numbness and opacity of the cornea, upper respiratory tract irritation, pain in chest, coughing, sneezing, rapid breathing, difficulty in breathing, and bronchitis. Contact dermatitis may be observed after severe exposure. Profuse sweating, headache, weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, cardiac dilatation, tachycardia (rapid heart beat), and cardiac failure may occur. High fever may be present, and exposed individual may experience an intense thirst, although this may be masked by nausea and vomiting. Declining alertness may progress to stupor, convulsions, and coma. Ingestion may be followed by delayed scar tissue formation, which may later cause problems with swallowing and stomach filling and emptying.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate exposure.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of sodium pentachlorophenate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of sodium pentachlorophenate may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Use water spray to absorb vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1.Ventilate area of spill; 2. Collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner, deposit in sealed containers for reclamation ... liquid containing pentachlorophenol should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. /Pentachlorophenol/

Biological treatment is principal secondary treatment method but other ... methods employed at some wood preservative plants are carbon absorption, membrane filtration ... and oxidation by chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone. The reduction in concn of pentachlorophenol (PCP) ... /in biological treatment/ is thought to occur by adsorption upon biomass rather than by degradation. /Pentachlorophenol/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for sodium pentachlorophenol: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

Incineration of wastewater sprayed over chips or wood shavings is ... /used/. ... The incineration process /must/ be carefully controlled. ... /Although burning of chemical wastes is frequently recommended, the opinion is that incineration technology has not uniformly been sufficiently perfected to assure that hazardous products are not released into the environment during the incineration process./ ... Ultimate disposal of ... sludges /from chemical flocculation, biological treatment, and evaporation systems/ in the past has been landfills. ... PCP /may be degraded by microorganisms and photodecomposition/. /Pentachlorophenol/

Incineration (600-900 °C) coupled with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. Recommendable method: Incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Clothing should be removed immediately if a soln ... has been spilled on it. All clothing worn during one spraying operation should be laundered before re-use. Routine precautions include washing hands, arms, and face with soap and water before eating, drinking, or smoking. At end of day, workman should shower and change into clean clothing.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. ... Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.30 [mg/m3]

2.4 [mg/m3]

8.4 [mg/m3]

Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness and death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

May cause chloracne. The substance may have effects on the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. Tumours have been detected in experimental animals but may not be relevant to humans.

Full covering clothing, chemical protective gloves and goggles. Where dust is present, use approved dust respirator. (USCG, 1999)

Wear safety goggles or face shield.

Protective gloves, protective clothing.

... Following challenge with a 4.2% sodium pentachlorophenate soln, only the Best (natural rubber) glove allowed breakthrough; this only 30 sec after exposure. Neither the Dayton (5 hr), Playtex (7.5 hr), Edmont (15.5 hr), nor Granet (15.5 hr) gloves had been permeated following completion of testing after the listed duration.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Sodium pentachlorophenate is a white or tan, powdered solid. It is soluble in water and may burn, but it is not easily ignited. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used as a fungicide, herbicide and as a disinfectant.

White or tan solid; [Hawley] Small slightly brown beads; [MSDSonline]

WHITE OR TAN FLAKES OR POWDER WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

White crystalline solid

Tan powder, pellets

Buff-colored flakes

Phenolic odor

Decomposes. (USCG, 1999)

In water, 3.30X10+5 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water (g/L): 22.4 at 20 °C; 33 at 30 °C

Solubility at 25 °C (g/L): methanol 22; acetone 37

21% (wt/vol) at 5 °C (water), 29% (wt/vol) at 40 °C (water), 33% (wt/vol at 25 °C (water)

Soluble in ethanol and acetone; insoluble in benzene and petroleum oils

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 33

2.0 mg/L at 22 °C/4 °C

log Kow = 1.3 at pH 10

Decomposes on heating. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and dioxins.

When heated to decomposition it emitx tocis fumes of /hydrogen chloride and sodium oxide/.

Aqueous solution has alkaline reaction

Other Classes -> Chlorophenols

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Soluble in water.

Aryl Halides

Phenolic Salts

SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENATE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Reacts with strong oxidants. This generates fire and explosion hazard.

Pentachlorophenol is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Oral (L127) ; inhalation (L127) ; dermal (L127)

Cough. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Fever. Sweating. Incoordination. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Weakness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

Exposure to high levels of pentachlorophenol can cause the cells in the body to produce excess heat, resulting in a very high fever, profuse sweating, and difficulty breathing. Contact with pentachlorophenol, particularly in the form of vapor can irritate the skin, eyes, and mouth. (L127, L128)

Chemical: PENTACHLOROPHENOL SODIUM SALT

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Other Poison - Uncoupler

Dermatotoxin - Chloracne.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

LC50 (mice) = 240 mg/m3/2h

LD50: 27 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T26)

LD50: 96 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T26)

LD50: 56 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T26)

LD50: 58 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (T26)

LD50 Rat oral 126 mg/kg

LD50 Rat sc 66 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 197 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 240 mg/cu m/2 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Inhibition of sulfation of the phenolic compound harmol (7-hydroxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) by pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in the Wistar rat: PCP was administered in various ways to find a convenient method for long-term inhibition of sulfation. High doses of PCP or sodium pentachlorophenolate (NaPCP) in the diet (350 ppm) or NaPCP in the drinking water (1.4 mM) of Wistar rats for one week inhibited the sulfation of harmol by 30-45%. The plasma concentration of PCP in rats with NaPCP (1.4 mM) in their drinking water was highest (270 uM) in the period that the animals were kept in the dark and consumed food and water. This is explained by a rapid elimination: the elimination of PCP from plasma, after intravenous administration, showed a biphasic disappearance curve with half-lives of 2.17 and 7.24 hrs, respectively. This is much faster than in Sprague-Dawley rats. A log-linear correlation was found between the plasma concentration of pentachlorophenol and the inhibition of harmol sulfation. Although administration of NaPCP to rats in their drinking water inhibited the sulfation of harmol only by 45%, it inhibited the sulfation of the carcinogenic arylhydroxamic acid N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by 70-75%.

Supportive treatment and hyperthermia control. There is no specific antidote to the poisoning; therefore treatment is supportive in nature including oxygen, fluid replacement, and most importantly, fever control. Reduce elevated body temperature by physical means. Administer sponge baths and use fans to increase evaporation.18 In fully conscious patients, administer cold, sugar-containing liquids by mouth as tolerated. Cooling blankets and ice packs to body surfaces may also be used. Antipyretic therapy with salicylates is strongly contraindicated as salicylates also uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Other antipyretics are thought to be of no use because of the peripherally mediated mechanism of hyperthermia in poisoning of this nature. Neither the safety nor the effectiveness of the other antipyretics has been tested. Administer oxygen continuously by mask to minimize tissue anoxia. Unless there are manifestations of cerebral or pulmonary edema or of inadequate renal function, administer intravenous fluids to restore hydration and support physiologic mechanisms for heat loss and toxicant disposition. Monitor serum electrolytes, adjusting IV infusions to stabilize electrolyte concentrations. Follow urine contents of albumin and cells, and keep an accurate hourly record of intake/output to forestall fluid overload if renal function declines. Caution: In the presence of cerebral edema and/or impaired renal function, intravenous fluids must be administered very cautiously to avoid increased intracranial pressure and pulmonary edema. Central monitoring of venous and pulmonary wedge pressures may be indicated. Such critically ill patients should be treated in an intensive care unit. /Pentachlorophenol/

Skin decontamination. Flush the chemical from eyes with copious amounts of clean water. Perform skin decontamination ... . /Pentachlorophenol/

Cardiopulmonary monitoring. In severe poisonings, monitor pulmonary status carefully to insure adequate gas exchange, and monitor cardiac status by ECG to detect arrhythmias. The toxicant itself and severe electrolyte disturbances may predispose to arrhythmias and myocardial weakness. ... /Pentachlorophenol/

Neurological. To reduce production of heat in the body, control agitation and involuntary motor activity with sedation. Lorazepam or other benzodiazepines should be effective, although use of these drugs in these poisonings has not been reported. If lorazepam is chosen, administer slowly, intravenously. /Pentachlorophenol/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The assessment of pentachlorophenol exposure can be accomplished through measurement of free pentachlorophenol. However, the reRvence ranges found in the literature were for pentachlorophenol in serum or plasma, which appears to be the better specimen for analysis. Pentachlorophenol exists primarily in the plasma, thus analysis of this specimen would be more sensitive. Whole Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; toxic - not established. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - Background levels of up to 0. 1 mg/L have been found in people in the general population with no recognized exposure to pentachlorophenol; Exposed -BEI (sampling time is end of shift, measured as free pentachlorophenol): 5 mg/L; Serum levels of pentachlorophenol below 1.3 mg/L have not been associated with any adverse health effect; Exposed - pentachlorophenol concentrations in serum/plasma that have been found to correlate with workplace air concentrations are as follows: pentachlorophenol air levels, 0.05 mg/cu m, 0.10 mg/cu m; serum/plasma pentachlorophenol levels 1000 ug/L, 1700 ug/L; Toxic - serum levels of pentachlorophenol ranging from 23 to 162 mg/L have been reported in cases of fatal exposure. Urine Reference Ranges: Normal - Average concentration approximately 0.063 mg/L, but has been found to be up to 0.100 mg/L in people with no recognized exposure to pentachlorophenol; Exposed - BEI (sampling time is prior to the last shift of workweek, measured as total pentachlorophenol): 2 mg/g creatinine; pentachlorophenol concentrations in urine that have been found to correlate with orkplace air concentrations are as follows: pentachlorophenol air levels 0.05 mg/cu m, 0.10 mg/cu m; urine pentachlorophenol levels 300 ug/L, 600 ug/L; Toxic - not established. /Pentachlorophenol/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Skin irritation ... /results/ from a relatively brief, single exposure to an approximately /10%/ solution ... A 1% solution may cause irritation if contact is repeated. A solution containing 0.1% or less, may result in adverse effects after prolonged contact.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt /were formally/ used in wood preservatives. Little is known about the effects on man when being chronically exposed. Only vague skin symptoms, such as rashes, acne and cutaneous infections /have been/ described.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Fine dusts and sprays ... cause painful irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Atmospheric concn appreciably greater than 1 mg/cu M of air will cause ... /painful irritation in nose of/ uninitiated person. Concn as high as 2.4 mg/cu m can be tolerated by those who are accustomed to material. At concn below 1 mg/cu m/ no noticeable effects are experienced ... severe intoxications, including fatalities, have been reported from ... uncontrolled use of pentachlorophenol soln for the destruction of weeds or termites, including the treatment of wood ... /with/ mixt of ... pentachlorophenol & ... sodium pentachlorophenate.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The signs and symptoms of severe systemic intoxication include loss of appetite, respiratory difficulties, anesthesia, hyperpyrexia, sweating, dyspnea, and rapidly progressive coma. Autopsy revealed inflamed gastric mucosa, congestion of the lungs, edema in the brain, cardiac dilatation, centrilobular degeneration in liver, & mild degeneration of renal tubules /in those exposed to an 80% pentachlorophenol & 20% sodium pentachlorophenate solution/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute oral exposure of mice and rats to lethal doses of PCP results in an increase in respiratory rate, a marked rise in temperature (4 - 4.5 °C), tremors or possibly convulsions, and a loss of the righting reflex. Asphyxial spasms and cessation of breathing usually occurs 0.5 - 2 min before cardiac arrest. A rapid and intense rigor mortis is observed within 3 - 5 min of death and approximately 45 min sooner than the onset of rigor mortis in rats given ether. Similar signs are observed with lethal exposure to PCP and its sodium salt, regardless of the route of administration.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The effects of acute dermal exposure have been examined only in the rat and rabbit. For rats, but not rabbits, PCP is much more toxic when given orally than when applied dermally. However, with Na-PCP, toxicity via the 2 routes appears to be similar. The only acute inhalation toxicity value reported for Na-PCP is for rats; Na-PCP is at least 10 times more toxic via inhalation than by oral ingestion.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When absorbed in sufficient quantity into tissues of dogs & rabbits ... pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate produce an acute toxic state characterized by accelerated respiration, moderately elevated blood pressure, hyperpyrexia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria & hyperperistalsis (vomiting was observed in dogs after SC dose).

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) weight 1.0 g; Conditions: static bioassay without aeration, 10 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as CaCO3 and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 68 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit 48-95 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Ictalurus punctatus (Channel Catfish) sac fry, yolk sac fry; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 20 °C, pH 7.4, hardness 272 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 249 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 225-275 ug/L) /90% purity/

LC50; Species: Ictalurus punctatus (Channel Catfish) sac fry, yolk sac fry; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 20 °C, pH 7.4, hardness 272 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 200 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 187-214 ug/L) /90% purity/

LC50; Species: Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) weight 0.8 g; Conditions: static bioassay without aeration, 20 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as CaCO3 and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 77 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit 61-98 ug/L)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (47 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed continuously to sodium pentachlorophenate at 2 levels (0.05 and 0.50 the 96 hr LC50 of 0.078 mg/L) after they were infected experimentally via ip injection with kidney disease bacteria grown in culture. Five groups of fish received the toxicant and disease treatments, singly or in combination; a 6th group of fish was maintained as a control. In the combined treatments, toxicant exposure at the 0.05 and 0.50 levels lagged behind the bacterial infection by 5 and 6 days, respectively. Few mortalities occurred in fish exposed for 5 wk to the 0.05 and 0.50 levels of the toxicant alone. A marked synergism was apparent when treatment with sodium pentachlorophenate at 0.50 the 96 hr LC50 was combined with bacterial kidney disease. All fish in this treatment group died on the 14th day postinjection and the 8th day of toxicant exposure. The symptomatic indexes of these fish kidney diseases were not pronounced, consisting of a moderately distended abdomen and slight enlargement of the kidney and hind gut.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The 96 hr MLD for 2 wk old Sheepshead minnow fry was 516 ug/L; for Pinfish larvae 38 ug/L; for 24 hr Grass shrimp larvae 649 ug/L. It caused abnormal development of oyster embryos, the 48 hr EC50 being 40 ug/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenol to tadpoles of Bufo japonicus was determined under lab conditions. The 24 hr mean lethal concentrations were 0.14 and 0.18 ppm when tested in 1 and 2 L tanks, respectively. Each tank contained 40 tadpoles.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effect of sublethal concentrations (0.0028-0.0083 mg/L) of sodium pentachlorophenate on the enzymes succinic dehydrogenase, pyruvic dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase in the brain, liver, and gills of Notopterus notopterus after 15 and 30 days exposure was studied. Succinic dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase were inhibited, while lactic dehydrogenase was stimulated significantly at most concentrations. Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase and the stimulation of lactic dehydrogenase activity indicate the development of anaerobic conditions at the cellular level in pollutant-stressed fish.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Pentachlorophenol sodium salt's former USA production may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its former use in the USA for the long-term protection of wood from fungi, in drilling muds, water treatment in cooling towers, and in paints resulted in its direct release to the environment. Application as a wood preservative is still allowed in some countries. If released to air, pentachlorophenol, sodium salt will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase pentachlorophenol, sodium salt will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil or water under typical ambient conditions (pH 5-9), pentachlorophenol, sodium salt is expected to exist predominantly in its dissociated form (pKa 4.70) and its fate should be identical to that reported for pentachlorophenol. Releases to soil can decrease in concentration due to slow biodegradation (half-life weeks to months) and leaching into groundwater. Releases to water, may photolyze (half-life hours to days with rate decreasing with depth of water), biodegrade, adsorb to sediments, or bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Biodegradation rate may increase after a period of acclimation (up to several weeks). An average BCF for pentachlorophenol of 153 from 29 experimental BCF values suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol, sodium salt may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pentachlorophenol, sodium salt was produced or used. General population exposure should be low or non-existent since pentachlorophenol, sodium salt is no longer used in the US as of 1993. (SRC)

Pentachlorophenol sodium salt's former USA production may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use in the USA for the long-term protection of wood from fungi, in drilling muds, water treatment in cooling towers, and in paints(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Pentachlorophenate disappeared from the water of microcosms simulating some of the characteristics of littoral zones during the first 6 wk after exposure to a single application of 41 ug/l (14)C-labeled sodium pentachlorophenate. Concn of inorganic (14)C in water samples increased during this period and subsequently declined. The total (14)C residues in the water declined approx 2% per day throughout the experiment and radioactive residues in macrophytes increased linearly between days 1 and 35, reaching concn greater than 700 times the initial concn in water. Concn of (14)C residues in macrophytes dropped rapidly after the 8th week of the experiment. Some (14)C pentachlorophenate was degraded to (14)C carbon dioxide and photosynthetic fixation of (14)C carbon dioxide occurred. At the end of the experiment, 40-43% of the radioactivity was present in benthic sediments and approx 5% was recovered in scrapings of mineral precipitates and algae from the walls of the microcosms. About 40% of the applied radioactivity was not detected in microcosm components and was presumably lost to the atmosphere during the 180 day exposure period.

/Sodium pentachlorophenate is/ ... not persistent in water, sewage, or soil because of bacterial decomposition.

Rainbow trout exposed to waterborne sodium pentachlorophenate averaging 35 and 660 ng/L for about 115 days accumulated levels of pentachlorophenate that were related to the concentration and duration of exposure. Pentachlorophenate levels in organs (liver and gall bladder), the remaining fish, and the percent of total pentachlorophenate in the organs remained relatively uniform among the control fish over the 115 day period. Fish exposed to 35 ng/L contained slightly higher pentachlorophenate levels with a higher percentage found in the organs. The highest levels of pentachlorophenate occurred in fish exposed to 660 ng/L where concentration in the organs averaged 2200 ug/kg after 115 days. Thus, uptake from water is an important pathway for the accumulation of pentachlorophenate by rainbow trout.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,153 workers (1,615 of these were female) were potentially exposed to pentachlorophenol, sodiuim salt in the US(1). Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol, sodium salt may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pentachlorophenol, sodium salt was produced or used. General population exposure should be low or non-existent since pentachlorophenol, sodium salt is no longer used in the US (1993)(2).

Fatal poisoning of infants was traced to improper laundering of diapers and bedding with material containing sodium pentachlorophenate (and other chlorinated phenols). The tissue levels of one infant that died were about 20-34 ppm, with blood levels of 120 ppm or more. Asymptomatic infants had levels in serum to 26 ppm.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for sodium pentachlorophenol: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

Incineration of wastewater sprayed over chips or wood shavings is ... /used/. ... The incineration process /must/ be carefully controlled. ... /Although burning of chemical wastes is frequently recommended, the opinion is that incineration technology has not uniformly been sufficiently perfected to assure that hazardous products are not released into the environment during the incineration process./ ... Ultimate disposal of ... sludges /from chemical flocculation, biological treatment, and evaporation systems/ in the past has been landfills. ... PCP /may be degraded by microorganisms and photodecomposition/. /Pentachlorophenol/

Incineration (600-900 °C) coupled with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. Recommendable method: Incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2567; Sodium pentachlorophenate

IMO 6.1; Sodium pentachlorophenate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 24/25-26-36/37/38-40-50/53; S: (1/2)-22-28-36/37-45-52-60-61; Note: A

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II