Phosphorus sulfide (P2S5)

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P223, P231+P232, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P335+P334, P304+P340, P317, P330, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H228 (100%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H260 (100%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H301+H331 (65.2%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (65.2%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302+H332 (19.7%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (34.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (65.2%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (66.1%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (66.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (19.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P223, P231+P232, P240, P241, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 676 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P231+P232, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P231+P232, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphorus pentasulfide:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: DUST OFF SOLID; WATER FLUSH - If this solid chemical contacts the skin, dust it off immediately and then flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical or liquids containing this chemical penetrate the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention immediately.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Dust off solid; water flush - If this solid chemical contacts the skin, dust it off immediately and then flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical or liquids containing this chemical penetrate the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention immediately.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. (FOAM MAY BE USED FOR CHLOROSILANES, SEE BELOW).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam; DO NOT USE dry chemicals, soda ash or lime on chlorosilane fires (large or small) as they may release large quantities of hydrogen gas that may explode. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry powder, carbon dioxide, dry sand. NO water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, sodium chloride based Class D extinguishers. DO NOT use water. Fire or explosion may result. Carefully use water spray to knock down acid vapors.

... Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. Containers may explode in fire. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increase in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs or deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Fumes from fires are irritating to repsiratory passages, eyes, skin, and may contain hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, sulfur dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1340 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry, sealable containers. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters ...

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U189, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry.

Avoid breathing dusts and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from moisture, water, alcohols, strong oxidizers, acids, alkalies. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, organic compounds. Always keep container closed.

Keep tightly closed.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

3.0 [mg/m3]

42 [mg/m3]

250 [mg/m3]

TWA 1 mg/m3 ST 3 mg/m3

1.0 [mg/m3]

TWA 1 mg/m3 See Appendix G

250 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

250.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) rapidly hydrolyzes to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and phosphoric acid on contact with water or with moisture present in the air [ACGIH 1991].

250 mg/cu m

250 mg/m³

250 mg/m3

See: 1314803

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 3 mg/cu m.

1 mg/m³ [1992]

3 mg/m³ [1992]

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes. The substance is severely irritating to the skin and respiratory tract.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphorus pentasulfide:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

Chemical safety goggles; plastic face shield; self-contained or air-line respirator.

Personal protective equipment: Respiratory protection - Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a dust mask type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Hand protection - The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. Handle with gloves. Eye protection - Safety glasses Skin and body protection - Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work plac

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 10 mg/m3 :

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*

Up to 25 mg/m3 :

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*

Up to 50 mg/m3 :

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Up to 250 mg/m3 :

(APF = 2000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

Phosphorus pentasulfide, free from yellow and white phosphorus appears as a greenish yellow solid with an odor of rotten eggs that may paralyze the sense of smell at hazardous concentrations in air. Density 2.04 g / cm3. It is used for making lube oil additives, insecticides, flotation agents, safety matches, blown asphalt, and other products and chemicals.

Dry Powder; Other Solid

Greenish-gray to yellow, crystalline solid with an odor of rotten eggs; [NIOSH] Deliquescent; [HSDB] Yellow solid with an unpleasant odor; [Honeywell MSDS]

YELLOW-TO-GREEN CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Greenish-gray to yellow, crystalline solid with an odor of rotten eggs.

Gray to yellow-green crystals

Light yellow, triclinic crystals

Greenish-gray to yellow, crystalline solid

Solid flakes or powder

Greenish-yellow, or light-yellow crystalline mass

Odor of rotten eggs

Odor similar to hydrogen sulfide

Peculiar odor

957 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

513-515 °C

514 °C @760 [mm Hg]

527 °F (USCG, 1999)

286-290 °C

Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)

INSOL IN COLD WATER; SOL IN CARBON DISULFIDE: 0.22 G/100 CC.

Sol in carbon disulfide, aqueous soln of alkali hydroxides

In water, 1.17X10-6 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: reaction

2.03 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.03 g/cu cm

2.1 g/cm³

2.09 @25 °C

1 mmHg at 572 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

VP: 1 mm Hg at 300 °C

1 mmHg at 572 °F

(572 °F): 1 mmHg

288 °F (USCG, 1999)

287 °F (142 °C)

Decomp on contact with water to phosphoric acid, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /sulfur and phosphorus oxides/.

-10,890 BTU/LB= -6.050 CAL/G= -253.3X10+5 J/KG

178 kJ/mol

Odor Threshold Low: 0.0047 [mg/m3]

An odor threshold of 0.0047 ppm for phosphorus pentasulfide has been reported. [ACGIH] Vapor pressure = 1 mm Hg at 300 °C

Very hygroscopic; Burns in air forming phosphorus pentoxide and sulfur dioxide; decomposed by moist air

Combustible solid. This material reacts with water to generate the highly toxic and flammable gas hydrogen sulfide, which may be ignited spontaneously by the heat of reaction. Phosphoric acid is also produced [NFPA, 2010]. See the chemical datasheet for Hydrogen Sulfide for more information. May heat and spontaneously ignite in presence of moisture [Haz. Chem. Data. 1969]. Dangerous when wet.

Sulfides, Inorganic

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

PHOSPHORUS PENTASULFIDE reacts vigorously with strong oxidants. Exothermically violent decomposition reaction with water, steam or acids to produce irritating fumes of phosphorus pentaoxide and highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas. May ignite in contact with limited amounts of water [Haz. Chem. Data, 1975, p. 239]. Can be ignited by sparks or friction and its dust presents an explosion hazard in air at sufficient concentrations. Hydrogen sulfide gas evolved from reactions with water may also form explosive mixtures with air.

Readily liberates toxic hydrogen sulfide and phosphorus pentoxide and evolves heat on contact with moisture ... Reacts with water, steam, or acids to produce toxic flammable vapors; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Incompatible with air, alcohols, water.

Contact with water or acids liberates poisonous and flammable hydrogen sulfide.

Water, alcohols, strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis [Note: Reacts with water to form hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and phosphoric acid].

Reacts violently with water, acids to produce phosphoric acid, hydrogen sulfide. Reacts with alkalies, alcohols, amine, organic acids.

Water, alcohols, strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis [Note: Reacts with water to form hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and phosphoric acid.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; apnea, coma, convulsions; conjunctivitis pain, lacrimation (discharge of tears), photophobia (abnormal visual intolerance to light), kerato-conjunctivitis, corneal vesiculation; dizziness; headache; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); irritability, insomnia; gastrointestinal disturbance

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Dermal rabbit 3.160 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 750 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 389 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . If product was ingested, protect yourself from contact with vomitus as it may cause burns. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose stick or glucometer readings below 50 mg/dl) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phosphorus and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Lachrymator., Stench. ... Prolonged skin contact may cause skin irritation and/or dermatitis.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cough, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary edema. Effects may be delayed. Hydrogen sulfide is strongly bound to methemoglobin in a manner similar to cyanide. Toxicologically, its reaction with enzymes in the blood stream inhibits cell respiration resulting in pulmonary paralysis, sudden collapse, and death. It is recognized by its characteristic odor of rotten eggs. The detectable, minimum perceptible odor occurs at 0.13 ppm, rapid olfactory fatigue can occur at high concentrations (> 100 ppm). At concentrations of 20 ppm hydrogen sulfide begins acting as an irritant on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract and increases with concentration and exposure time. Eye irritation is characterized by irritation of the conjunctiva with photophobia to keratoconjunctivitis and vesiculation of the cornea epithelium. Prolonged exposure to moderate concentrations (250 ppm) may cause pulmonary edema. At concentrations over 500 ppm, drowsiness, dizziness, excitement, headache, unstable gait, and other systemic symptoms occur within a few minutes. Sudden loss of consciousness without premonition, anxiety, or sense of struggle are characteristic of acute exposure at concentrations above 700 ppm. At concentrations of 1000-2000 ppm hydrogen sulfide is rapidly absorbed through the lung into the blood. In this range a single inhalation may cause coma and may be rapidly fatal. Initially hyperpnea occurs, followed by rapid collapse and respiratory inhibition. At higher concentrations, hydrogen sulfide exerts an immediate paralyzing effect on the respiratory centers. When concentration reaches 5000 ppm, imminent death almost always results. /Hydrogen sulfide/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system; apnea, coma, and convulsions; conjunctival pain, lacrimation, photophobia, kerato-conjunctivitis, and corneal vasiculation; dizziness; headache; fatigue; irritability, insomnia; GI disturbance.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rabbit: moderately irritating to the skin. Moderately irritating to the eye.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In rats (strain and sex unspecified) administered 100 mg/kg bw for 43 days, there were no effects on behavior, ... body weight, digestion, blood tests, and no macroscopic or histological signs of injury.

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,372 workers (446 of these were female) were potentially exposed to phosphorus pentasulfide in the US(1).

The U.S. Department of Transportation ranked phosphorus pentasulfide 34th on their list of hazardous materials information systems, commodity summaries by major injuries in 1998, due to 1 major injury being reported in 1998(1).

Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison workers, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. /Phosphorus/

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,372 workers (446 of these were female) were potentially exposed to phosphorus pentasulfide in the US(1).

The U.S. Department of Transportation ranked phosphorus pentasulfide 34th on their list of hazardous materials information systems, commodity summaries by major injuries in 1998, due to 1 major injury being reported in 1998(1).

Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison workers, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. /Phosphorus/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U189, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Phosphorus pentasulfide, free from yellow and white Phosphorus/

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Phosphorus pentasulfide, free from yellow and white Phosphorus (when spilled in water) [Table#3061]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases /Phosphorus pentasulfide, free from yellow and white Phosphorus/

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#3062]

/GUIDE 139: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Produce flammable and toxic gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Phosphorus pentasulfide, free from yellow and white Phosphorus/

/GUIDE 139: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC GASES)/ Health: Highly toxic: contact with water produces toxic gas, may be fatal if inhaled. Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Phosphorus pentasulfide, free from yellow and white Phosphorus/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1340; Phosphorus pentasulfide

IMO 4.3; Phosphorus pentasulfide

49 163 20; Phosphorus pentasulfide

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Dangerous When Wet Flammable Solid

Symbol: F, Xn, N; R: 11-20/22-29-50; S: (2)-61

UN Hazard Class: 4.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 4.1; UN Pack Group: II