phosphamidon

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (87.5%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (12.5%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (87.5%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H400 (87.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (87.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 48 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Note: Phosphamidon is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Phosphamidon Exposure: Acute exposure to phosphamidon may produce pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may occur, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Chest pain may be noted. Respiratory effects include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Psychosis may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to phosphamidon may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphamidon.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to phosphamidon.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of phosphamidon is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of phosphamidon may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) This material may burn, but does not ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Fire Service personnel should extinguish fires with alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, or dry powder.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Hydrolysis...: Treat phosphamidon by alkali, then mix the product with a portion of soil rich in organic matter. ...Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable for large amounts. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis products are pH dependent. Acidic hydrolysis yields alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid diethylamide. The amide can subsequently degrade to diethyl amine, carbon dioxide and chloroacetone in strong acid or with heating. A different series of products have been identified for the alkaline hydrolysis. Although the diethyl amide of alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid appears to initially form, it very rapidly hydrolyzes, even in weak alkaline soln, and yields chloride and the diethylamide of alpha-hydroxyacetoacetic acid. In strong alkali this amide can slowly hydrolyze to yield acetic acid and glycolic acid diethylamide. The product, glycolic acid diethylamide, is stable in base. The hydrolysis products are non-toxic and rapidly assimilated into natural constituents. Empty containers should be rinsed by an alkaline soln.

Poisonous if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. ... Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not breathe mist. ... Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not drink any alcoholic beverage before or during spraying since alcohol promotes absorption of organic phosphates.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Caution : Explosion potential is high. Containers may explode in heat of fire. Highly toxic phosphorus oxides and chlorides may be emitted when phosphamidon is heated to decomposition. Avoid sources of extreme heat.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs.

You should store this material under ambient temperatures.

It... is packed in polyethylene containers.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: mg/m3)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: mg/m3)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: mg/m3)

0.37 mg/m3

1.1 mg/m3

0.30 mg/m3

0.90 mg/m3

0.19 mg/m3

0.57 mg/m3

0.093 mg/m3

0.28 mg/m3

NR=Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Proposed

0.027 [mg/m3]

0.30 [mg/m3]

6.0 [mg/m3]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions, respiratory depression and death. Exposure at high levels could cause death. Cholinesterase inhibition. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Tolerances (expressed as phosphamidon) for residues of the insecticide phosphamidon (2-chloro-2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate) including all of its related cholinesterase-inhibiting compounds in or on raw agricultural commodities are established as follows: apples, 1.0 ppm (Expiration/Revocation Date 12/31/02)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Firefighters should wear full protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Wear a pesticide respirator jointly /certified/ by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration and by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Wear natural rubber gloves, protective clothing, and goggles.

STRICT HYGIENE! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Phosphamidon is a pale yellow oily liquid with a faint odor. Used as an insecticide for citrus, cotton, and deciduous fruit and nuts. and as an acaricide. (EPA, 1998)

Colorless to yellow liquid; [ICSC]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW OILY LIQUID.

Pale-yellow liquid

COLORLESS LIQUID

FAINT ODOR

324 °F at 1.5 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

120 °C @ 0.001 mm Hg; 162 °C 1.5 mm Hg

at 0.2kPa: 162 °C

350 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-49 °F (EPA, 1998)

greater than 200 °F (NTP, 1992)

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with most org solvents except saturated hydrocarbons; 1 g dissolves in about 30 g hexane

In water, miscible @ 25 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

1.2132 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2132 @ 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.2

1.21 @25 °C

2.5e-05 mmHg at 68 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.0000165 [mmHg]

1.65X10-5 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.0033

0.000025 [mm Hg] @25 °C

ISOMERIC MIXT STABLE IN NEUTRAL & ACID MEDIA; HALF-LIFE @ 23 °C= 13.8 DAYS @ PH 7, 2.2 DAYS @ PH 10

DECOMP ABOVE 160 °C /E-ISOMER/

Stable in neutral or acidic media; hydrolyzed by alkali.

Solutions of this chemical in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol and acetone should be stable for 24 hr under normal lab conditions (RAD).

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /phosphorous and nitric oxides/.

Hydrolyzed by alkali with t1/2 of 14 day at pH 7 and 23 °C; 2.2 day at pH 10.

Produces highly toxic phosphorus oxides and chlorides fumes above 160 °C.

DENSITY: 1.22 @ 20 °C/4 °C; VISCOSITY: 70 CENTIPOISES @ 25 °C /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/

Corrosive to iron, tin, aluminum; non-corrosive to polyethylene

Index of refraction: 1.4718 @ 25 °C/D

160.5 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: APCI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID7021156]

165.9 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID7021156]

160.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID7021156]

Stable in neutral or acid media; hydrolyzed by alkali.

Commercial product consists of 73/27 mixture of cis (Z)/ trans (E) isomers.

Water soluble. Hydrolyzed by alkali with a half-life at 73 °F of 13.8 days at pH 7 and 2.2 days at pH 10 (NTP, 1992).

Amides and Imides

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

PHOSPHAMIDON is corrosive to iron, tin and aluminum. Incompatible with alkaline preparations and should not be mixed with copper oxychloride, captan, folpet or sulfur. (NTP, 1992)

Reacts with bases (hydrolysis). Attacks metals such as iron, tin and aluminium.

It is also incompatible with alkaline preparations and should not be mixed with copper oxychloride, captan, folpet or sulphur.

Cancer Classification: Group C Possible Human Carcinogen

Phosphamidon

TR-016: Bioassay of Phosphamidon for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 13171-21-6) (1979 )

07/25/77

Equivocal Evidence

No Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, technical-grade phosphamidon was not carcinogenic for B6C3F1 mice. The data obtained in this bioassay with Osborne-Mendel rats are insufficient to allow the interpretation that technical-grade phosphamidon is carcinogenic in this species.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Sweating. Muscle twitching. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Vomiting. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Further see Inhalation.

Chemical: PHOSPHAMIDON

Other Poison - Organophosphate

LC50 (rat) = 135 mg/m3/4h

The probable fatal dose of phosphamidon for an adult by ingestion is 5-50 mg/kg bw. The estimated fatal dose in humans (~70 kg) is 490 mg by oral ingestion.

LD50 Rat oral 17.4 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse sc 26 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 5.8 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 6 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...Phosphamidon and dimethylvinphos, have their acute toxicities reduced by phenobarbital pre-treatment.

Vitamin C, when admin concurrently with a pesticide ... phosphamidon ... could significantly decr the frequency of pesticide induced clastogenic and mitosis disruptive changes in the bone marrow cells of young Swiss Albino mice. Of these three doses (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/bw) of the vitamin, the one which is double the human therapeutic dose (20 mg/kg/bw/day) was the most effective as an antimutagen to be followed by 40 mg and 10 mg. None of these doses of vitamin C showed any genotoxicity of their own for the parameters studied here.

Because different classes of enzymes may be inhibited, the effects of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning may be complex and potentially at least could involve interactions with drugs as well as with other pesticides or chemicals. Potentiation may also involve solvents or other components of formulated pesticides. Certain drugs such as phenothiazines, antihistamines, CNS depressants, barbiturates, xanthines (theophylline), aminoglycosides and parasympathomimetic agents are to be avoided because of increased toxicity.

/When citiolone was administered with phosphamidon/... significant depletion was observed in the glutathione-S-transferase activity as well as in the level of total and non-protein bound sulfhydryl groups in various CNS regions of phosphamidon intoxicated rats. When citiolone was administered alone, there was a remarkable elevation in glutathione-S-transferase activity. However, significant protection against glutathione-S-transferase inhibition was observed when phosphamidon and citiolone were administered simultaneously.

Airway protection. Insure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. Depending on the severity of poisoning, doses of atropine ranging from very low to as high as 300 mg/day may be required, or even continuous infusion. The objective of atropine antidotal therapy is to antagonize the effects of excessive concentrations of acetylcholine at end-organs having muscarinic receptors. Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. Favorable response to a test dose of atropine (1 mg in adults, 0.01 mg/kg in children under 12 years) can help differentiate poisoning by anticholinesterase agents from other conditions. However, lack of response, with no evidence of atropinization (atropine refractoriness) is typical of more severe poisonings. The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. ...Do not administer atropine or pralidoxime prophylactically to workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Prophylactic dosage with either atropine or pralidoxime may mask early signs and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning and thus allow the worker to continue exposure and possibly progress to more severe poisoning. Atropine itself may enhance the health hazards of the agricultural work setting: impaired heat loss due to reduced sweating and impaired ability to operate mechanical equipment due to blurred vision. This can be caused by mydriasis, one of the effects of atropine. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules of 7.5 mg of glycopyrolate were added to 200 ml of saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. This may represent an alternative when there is a concern for respiratory infection due to excessive and difficult to control secretions, and in the presence of altered level of consciousness where the distinction between atropine toxicity or relapse of organophosphate poisoning is unclear. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administration pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In humans occupationally exposed to phosphamidon, urinary excretion of dimethylphosphate is detectable at an exposure level insufficient to depress plasma or erythrocyte cholinesterase. Also, it has been reported that trace amounts of these alkylphosphate metabolites may occur in urine of unexposed subjects. Therefore, a comparison with reference groups or individuals pre-exposure values is recommended when exposed workers are tested.

Measurement of whole blood-AChE is the most widely adopted method for monitoring the effects of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Physiological variations in blood ChE levels occur in a healthy person and are seen among a population. It has been estimated that the coefficient of variation for AChE activity in samples from an individual is 8-11%, and that a decrease of 23% below pre-exposure level may, therefore, be considered significant. If the average of several pre-exposure values were available, then a decrease of 17% would be significant. It has been recommended that, if measured activity is reduced by 30% or more of the pre-exposure value, AChE measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals to confirm the results. Depressions of AChE or ChE in excess of 20-25% are considered diagnostic of exposure but not, necessarily, indicative of hazard. Depressions of 30-50% or more are considered indicators for removal of an exposed individual from further contact with pesticides until levels return to normal. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

...Organophosphorus pesticides may undergo hydrolysis in vivo to yield substituted phosphoric acids that are subsequently excreted in urine. Advances in gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have made it possible to analyse the urine of exposed persons for the presence of appropriate metabolites. It is usually necessary to preserve the sample by the addition of chloroform, to concentrate or extract the metabolite(s), and to convert them to suitably-volatile derivatives that can be detected by GC. Obviously, access to a well-equipped analytical laboratory, capable of the quick processing of samples, is a necessary factor if monitoring by urine analysis is proposed. However, in some cases, simpler and sensitive colorimetric tests are available for screening the urine of exposed persons. Thus, 4-nitrophenol can be measured directly in the urine of workers exposed to parathion. Consideration of the concentration of metabolite(s) in the urine can be helpful in determining patterns of exposure, and these concentrations can be calibrated against the effects on AChE for a particular pesticide. However, the time-course and peak of excretion of metabolites appears to vary according to dose, so that serial sampling and analyses of urine are desirable. Levels of metabolite alone cannot be considered a guide to hazard. This is obvious when it is realized that pesticides that have very different toxicities may yield identical acidic metabolites. Thus, the level of metabolites in urine, after exposure to sufficient amounts of the very toxic parathion-methyl to depress blood-AChE to 50%, will be much lower than that of the identical metabolites, following exposure to the related fenitrothion, which is about 40 times less toxic. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

SRP: Workers should undergo an annual medical exam. Contraindications for work with organophosporous pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders and epilepsy, and pronounced endocrine disorders. Blood cholinesterase, both plasma and RBC, must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed until cholinesterase activity is restored. /Organophosphorous pesticides/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a test of the effect of direct exposure during agricultural spraying, 32 volunteers varying in age from 10-70 years stayed in paddy fields while phosphamidon was applied by aircraft and for 1 hr afterward. ...The ultra low-volume application was at a rate of 550 g/ha, that is, at almost twice the recommended rate. The volunteers wore their usual light clothing and no other protection. Most of the 32 people experienced irritation of their conjunctivae immediately after the application; that was the only clinical effect. ...Plasma cholinesterase of the people showed a depression of 0-25% in 19 subjects, 26-50% in 19 subjects, and over 50% in 2 subjects. Maximal depression occurred from 1 to 3 days after exposure; recovery was complete by the 9th day. There was no significant effect on red cell cholinesterase.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ One pregnant woman who was involved in a serious acute exposure to mevinphos and phosphamidon delivered a normal child; another exposed woman who became pregnant shortly after the incident also had a normal child.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In technical preparations of phosphamidon, gamma-chlorophosphamidon is present at a level of 1-2% of the total product. This compound inhibits...human cholinesterase about 20 times more than pure phosphamidon. /gamma-Chlorophosphamidon/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Cauliflower workers who experienced acute poisoning by OP insecticides mevinphos (Phosdrin) and phosphamidon (Dimecron) /were studied/. The workers had begun work tying leaves over the heads of the plants only 6 hr after the field had been sprayed. Sixteen such workers were followed in weekly clinics with interviews and plasma and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase levels. Comparatively non-persistent symptoms (i.e., they had typically resolved by 10 weeks) included nausea, dizziness, vomiting, abdominal pain, ataxia, and night sweats or insomnia. Symptoms that persisted in at least three of the 16 subjects at 10 weeks or more included blurred vision/vision disturbance (56%), headache (25%), anxiety (41%), weakness, and anorexia. Symptoms persisted for up to 10 weeks, varying by symptom and individual. Six of the subjects initially had RBC AChE values within the normal laboratory range, but follow-up testing showed activity to have been significantly inhibited.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Effects of exposure for 96 hr to 35.4 ppm (the median lethal concn) of phosphamidon on histopathological and biochemical alterations in the liver and kidney of Nemachelius denisonii were studied. Vacuolated hepatocytes, necrosis, and damage to connective tissue in the liver were found. In kidneys, shrinkage of the glomeruli and swelling on the renal tubules were detected. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase activities in the liver and kidney were observed.

LD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (MALLARD) ORAL 3.05 MG/KG, 3 MO OLD FEMALES (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2.91-5.00) /SAMPLE PURITY 80%/

LD50 PERDIX PERDIX (PARTRIDGE) ORAL 9.7 MG/KG, 3 MO OLD FEMALES & MALES (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 8.3-11.3)

LD50 ZENAIDA MACROURA (MOURNING DOVE) ORAL MALES AND FEMALES 2.0-4.0 MG/KG

LD50 ZENAIDA ASIATICA (WHITE WINGED DOVE) ORAL, ADULT MALE AND FEMALE, 2.93 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2.44-3.66 MG/KG) /SAMPLE PURITY 80%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /Phosphamidon/ may be hazardous to the environment; special attention should be given to aquatic organisms, birds and honey bees.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Glycogen levels were decreased and lactic acid levels increased in the tissues (hepatopancreas, foot, and mantle) of mussels exposed to phosphamidon (8 ppm for 48 hr). /Phosphamidon/ decreased oxidative metabolism in the tissues of the mussels. Consequently, the mussels switch over to anaerobiasis as an adaptive measure to combat the induced toxicity.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Dimecron (2.50-6.00 ppm), produced elevated activity of fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase of liver, brain and gill tissues in Clarias batrachus exposed for 24-96 hr. The toxic conditions produced by the pesticide ultimately caused the death of the fish due to the failure of the respiratory center of the brain. The breakdown of proteins and the diabetic condition caused by the pesticides possibly increased aldolase activity.

/AQUATIC SPECIES /Phosphamidon is/... slightly toxic to fish.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to birds and bees. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Phosphamidon's former production and use as an insecticide and acaricide may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.65X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates phosphamidon will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosphamidon will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.5 hrs. Phosphamidon will react with ozone, exhibiting an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days. Particulate-phase phosphamidon will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, phosphamidon is expected to have very high mobility based upon retardation factors (Rf) of 0.91-0.92 in loam soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. Soil half-lives ranging from approximately <3 to 6 days have been reported. If released into water, phosphamidon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Rf values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. A BCF of <1 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis half-lives at 23 °C of 74 days, 13.8 days, and 2.2 days at pH 4, 7, and 10, respectively, have been reported. Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since phosphamidon is no longer produced or used in the US. In the past, phosphamidon was applied directly to fruit orchards as an spray and exposure to this compound was primarily by inhalation. (SRC)

Phosphamidon's former(1) production and use as an insecticide and acaricide(2) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a a soil thin layer chromatography study, retardation factors (Rf) of 0.91-0.92 in a silt loam, silt loam, and a fine sandy loam(1), indicate that phosphamidon has very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phosphamidon from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Phosphamidon is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.65X10-5 mm Hg(4). Half-lives in loam, loamy sand, and sand of approximately 6, 3, and <3 days, respectively(5), indicate that biodegradation of phosphamidon may be an important environmental fate process in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a a soil thin layer chromatography study, retardation factors (Rf) of 0.91-0.92 in a silt loam, silt loam, and a fine sandy loam(1) indicate that phosphamidon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of <1(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Phosphamidon's hydrolysis half-lives at 23 °C are 74 days, 13.8 days, and 2.2 days at pH 4, 7, and 10, respectively(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phosphamidon, which has a vapor pressure of 1.65X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosphamidon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.5 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase phosphamidon may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phosphamidon with ozone has been estimated as 1.6X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), derived using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4).

AEROBIC: When applied at 5 ppm, the half-lives of phosphamidon in loam, loamy sand, and sand was approximately 6, 3, and <3 days, respectively(1,2). At an application rate of 1 ppm, the half-life in loam and silt was three to four weeks(1,2). No data on sterile controls were presented, and the pH of the soils studied were not reported.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phosphamidon with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phosphamidon with ozone has been estimated as 1.6X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2).

Phosphamidon is stable in neutral and weakly acid solutions but is rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline solutions(2). The half-lives at 23 °C are 74 days, 13.8 days, and 2.2 days at pH 4, 7, and 10; at 45 °C the respective half-lives are 6.6 days, 2.1 days, and 3.3 hrs(3). The hydrolysis products are dimethyl phosphate and alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid diethylamide(3). Stability studies with seawater, freshwater, and in water-sediment systems in which the sediment was additionally washed to remove exchangeable ions indicate that exchangeable ions in the sediment facilitate hydrolysis and a higher ionic strength reduces this rate(1).

BCFs of <1 were measured for phosphamidon in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) using OECD test guideline 305 in a continuous flow-through system operated for 168 hrs with test concns of 995.4 and 198.3 ug/l(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Bioconcentration of phosphamidon is unlikely due to its high water solubility(1), very low lipophilicity(1) and very rapid depuration(1,3).

The leaching behavior of phosphamidon in sand, loamy sand, loam, and silt soil in a 15 cm column was studied after 150 cm of rain applied(2). All the added phosphamidon leached through the sand and sandy loam soil, while most of the residue was in the lower third of the column(2). With the silt soil, residues were rather evenly distributed throughout the column and in the leachate, although the greatest fraction of residue was in the upper third of the column. In contrast with the good total recoveries in the other cases, recovery with the silt column was only 39%(2). According to a soil thin layer chromatography study with four soils, phosphamidon was very mobile (retardation factor (Rf) 0.91-0.92) in a silt loam (0.83% organic matter, pH 7.9), silt loam (0.72% organic matter, pH 6.6), and a fine sandy loam (0.52% organic matter, pH 8.8)(1). It was less mobile (Rf = 0.66) in a sandy loam (0.69% organic matter, pH 10.5)(1).

The Henry's Law constant for phosphamidon is estimated as 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that phosphamidon is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Phosphamidon is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.65X10-5 mm Hg(3).

The concn of phosphamidon in air 18-24 hr after spraying in an apple orchard was <0.005 mg/cu m in calm weather and not detectable with a 1-2 m/sec wind(1). Temperatures were high in both cases. Similarly, 23 hr after phosphamidon was sprayed in a grapefruit orchard under clear, calm, and warm weather conditions, the phosphamidon concn 1.5 m above ground was <0.01 mg/cu m(1).

In a pesticide screening study of 81 varieties of domestic and imported produce (6970 samples), no residues of phosphamidon were found above the detection limit of 0.50 ppm(1). According to FDAs Total Diet Study, April 1982-April 1984, the dietary intake of phosphamidon for each of seven population groups of different sex and age ranging from toddlers to seniors was <0.1 ng/kg body weight/day(2). According to FDA's Total Diet Study, phosphamidon residues are not present in food items consumed by infants(2). Phosphamidon is destroyed by heat >160 °C(3). After 1 hr of cooking, residue levels in apples and pears decreased by 80%(3). In a 1992-1993 FDA survey of domestic and imported pears and tomatoes, phosphamidon was not detected in any of the 710 domestic and 949 imported pear samples tested; neither was it detected in the 1219 domestic and 144 imported tomato samples tested(4).

The concn of phosphamidon on treated foliage 18-24 hr after spraying in an apple orchard was 20 ppm(1). Foliage in a grapefruit orchard contained 150 ppm phosphamidon 23 hours after spraying(1). Phosphamidon is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in plants(3). Reported initial half-lives are of the order of 1-2 days(1,2,3). Degradation then proceeds more slowly with residues decreasing to the 0.5 ppm level or less in about 1 week in leafy plants and 2-3 weeks in fruit after normal application(1,2,3).

Phosphamidon is rapidly metabolized in animals(1) and therefore residues should not be present in animals unless recently exposed.

Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since phosphamidon is no longer produced or used in the US. In the past, phosphamidon was applied directly to fruit orchards as an spray and exposure to this compound was primarily by inhalation. (SRC)

Secondary exposure of children through contact with their parents' contaminated clothing can also occur. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Hydrolysis...: Treat phosphamidon by alkali, then mix the product with a portion of soil rich in organic matter. ...Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable for large amounts. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis products are pH dependent. Acidic hydrolysis yields alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid diethylamide. The amide can subsequently degrade to diethyl amine, carbon dioxide and chloroacetone in strong acid or with heating. A different series of products have been identified for the alkaline hydrolysis. Although the diethyl amide of alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid appears to initially form, it very rapidly hydrolyzes, even in weak alkaline soln, and yields chloride and the diethylamide of alpha-hydroxyacetoacetic acid. In strong alkali this amide can slowly hydrolyze to yield acetic acid and glycolic acid diethylamide. The product, glycolic acid diethylamide, is stable in base. The hydrolysis products are non-toxic and rapidly assimilated into natural constituents. Empty containers should be rinsed by an alkaline soln.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Severe marine pollutant

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 24-28-68-50/53; S: (1/2)-23-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II