ammonia water

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (4 of 6275) of reports.

H314 (99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (10.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (16.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (99.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 6275 reports by companies from 116 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 6275 reports by companies.

There are 115 notifications provided by 6271 of 6275 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

· In case of skin contact with hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 150 m (500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.2 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.8 km (0.5 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.0 km (1.3 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Neutralization: Put into large vessel containing water. Neutralize with hydrochloric acid. ... Recommendable methods: Landfill, ... chemical treatment. Not recommendable method: Thermal destruction. Peer-review: Small amounts only: Landfill, great dilution before discharge to sewer. Large amounts of ammonia in landfill leachate may make disposal of leachate difficult. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Use care in handling strong ammonia solution because of caustic nature of solution & irritating properties of its vapor. Cool container well before opening, & cover closure with a cloth or similar material while opening.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Keep cool in strong glass, plastic, or rubber stoppered bottles not completely filled. /Ammonia water: 28-29%/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

30 [ppm]

160 [ppm]

1100 [ppm]

300 ppm /Ammonia/

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

ERPG-1: 25 ppm (ammonia) - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 200 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 1,000 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of high concentrations of the vapour may cause laryngeal oedema, inflammation of the respiratory tract and pneumonia. Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. The effects may be delayed.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs.

Residues of ammonium hydroxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent, cosolvent, neutralizer, or solublizing agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Employees working in areas where /ammonium hydroxide/ is used must be trained in escape methods and in the use of safety equipment, including goggles, gas masks, showers, eye fountains, water hoses, exits, lifelines and first-aid equipment ... Equipment must by constantly inspected to prevent accidents. All valves should be labeled to prevent accidental opening. If a contaminated area must be entered, a full-face airline mask or self-contained oxygen mask must be worn.

[ACGIH; Guidelines Select of Chem Protect Clothing Volume #1 Field Guide p.67 (1983)] Some data suggest breakthrough times for ammonium hydroxide of approximately an hour or more for natural rubber. For ammonium hydroxide (30-70%), breakthrough times greater than one hour have been reported (normally) by two or more testers for viton.

For ammonium hydroxide, two or more testers have reported (normally) breakthrough times for neoprene to be greater than one hour.

For ammonium hydroxide, two or more testers have reported (normally) breakthrough times for nitrile rubber to be greater than one hour.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Ammonium hydroxide appears as a colorless aqueous solution. Concentration of ammonia ranges up to approximately 30%. Ammonia vapors (which arise from the solution) irritate the eyes.

Liquid; Other Solid; Liquid; CBI; Other Solid; Gas Vapor

Very volatile colorless solution of ammonia in water; [ICSC]

VERY VOLATILE COLOURLESS AMMONIA SOLUTION IN WATER WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

Intense, pungent, suffocating odor

Acrid taste

Threshold value (unspecified-detection or recognition) of an unspecified purity in water is 3.40x10+1 ppm.

Threshold value (unspecified-detection or recognition) of an unspecified purity in coffee brew is 1.04x10+2 ppm.

38 °C (25%)

36 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-58 °C (25%)

Exists only in solution

Solubility in water: miscible

About 0.90 @ 25 °C/25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.9 (25%)

0.9 @25 °C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 0.6

2160 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 48 (25%)

2160 [mm Hg] @25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits ammonia and nitroxides.

Dissolves copper, zinc

pH= 11.6 (1.0 N solution); 11.1 (0.1 N solution); 10.6 (0.01 N solution)

Odor Threshold Low: 50.0 [ppm]

[HSDB] Odor threshold from CHRIS

pKb= 4.767, Kb= 1.710X10-5 at 20 °C; pKb= 4.751, Kb= 1.774X10-5 at 25 °C; pKb= 4.740, Kb= 1.820X10-5 at 30 °C

Reaction with sulfuric acid or other strong mineral acids is exothermic; mixture becomes boiling hot

Fumes are formed when ammonia water is brought near volatile acids

Specific gravity: 0.957 25 °C/25 °C /Ammonia water - 10%/

Specific gravity (20 °C/4 °C) (Solution concn): 0.9939 (1%); 0.9811 (4%); 0.9651 (8%); 0.9362 (16%); 0.9229 (20%); 0.9101 (24%); 0.8980 (28%)

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Other Classes -> Bases

Corrosives

Cosmetic ingredients (Ammonium Hydroxide) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Denaturant; Buffering

LEAVENING AGENT, PH CONTROL AGENT, SURFACE-FINISHING AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Water soluble. Generates a small amount of heat when diluted with water.

Bases, Weak

Water and Aqueous Solutions

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE reacts exothermically with acids. Evolves toxic gaseous ammonia with strong bases. Reacts extremely violently with dimethyl sulfate [NFPA 491M 1991]. Reacts with aqueous silver nitrate sodium hydroxide to give a black precipitate of silver nitride. Such a precipitate can explode on stirring [MCA Case History 1554 1968]. Aqueous ammonia and Hg react to form an explosive solid, likely a fulminate. (Thodos, G. Amer. Inst. Chen. Engrs. J., 1964, 10, 274.).

CAUSTIC LIQ FORMS EXPLOSIVE CMPD WITH MANY HEAVY METALS SUCH AS SILVER, LEAD, ZINC, & THEIR SALTS, ESPECIALLY HALIDE SALTS.

With sodium hydroxide and silver nitrate: During preparation of an oxidizing agent on a larger scale than described, addition of warm sodium hydroxide solution to warm ammoniacal silver nitrate with stirring caused immediate precipitation of black silver nitride, which exploded. Similar incidents had been reported previously, including one where explosion appeared to be initiated by addition of Devarda's alloy (Al-Cu-Zn).

Incompatible with acrolein, nitromethane, acrylic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, dimethyl sulfate, halogens, (Au + aqua regia), HCl, HF, HNO3, oleum, beta-propiolactone, propylene oxide, ... Ag2O, (Ag2O + C2H5OH), AgMnO4, H2SO4.

Reaction with sulfuric acid or other strong mineral acids is exothermic; mixture becomes boiling hot

Fumes are formed when ammonia water is brought near volatile acids

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that Ammonia and Ammonium Hydroxide are safe as used in hair dyes and colors and safe in cosmetics applied directly to the skin in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.

Sore throat. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LCLo (human) = 5,000 ppm

LD50 Rat oral 350 mg/kg

Agents causing ocular burns, steps in treatment, and special problems are described. Injuries are caused by neutral organic, acid, and alkali compounds. Contact time and pH are the most important variables in any chemical burn. The corneal epithelium and endothelium provide a barrier to water soluble substances while the stroma is a barrier to lipid soluble substances. Alkali compounds cause most severe injuries depending on the hydroxyl ion concentration and the cation. Calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide are most often responsible for alkali burns. Ammonium hydroxide penetrates most rapidly of all alkali compounds.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic bases/alkaline corrosives and related cmpds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic bases/alkaline corrosives and related cmpds/

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to ammonia at potentially hazardous levels: (1) A complete medical history and physical examination: the purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the eyes and respiratory tract should be stressed. The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders; (2) 14" x 17" chest roentgenogram: Ammonia causes human lung damage. Surveillance of the lung is indicated; (3) FVC and FEV (1 sec): Ammonia is a respiratory irritant. Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure. Periodic surveillance is indicated. Medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis, except that an X-ray is necessary only when indicated by the results of pulmonary function testing, or by signs and symptoms of respiratory disease. /Ammonia/

... IN CASE IN WHICH 1 DROP OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLN OF APPROX 9% CONCN WAS ACCIDENTALLY APPLIED TO PATIENTS EYE, & IRRIGATION WITH WATER ... STARTED WITHIN 10 SEC BECAUSE OF IMMEDIATE SEVERE PAIN & BLEPHAROSPASM, PH OF CONJUNCTIVA & CORNEA ... WITHIN 3 MIN ... RETURNED TO NORMAL, YET MOST OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM WAS ALREADY LOST.

IN SEVERE INJURIES, WHERE CONCN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLN ... HAS SPLASHED INTO EYE, OR FOLLOWING CONTACT WITH DIL SOLN, BUT WITH DELAY IN 1ST AID IRRIGATION, THROMBOSIS OF CONJUNCTIVAL & EPISCLERAL VESSELS, EVIDENT ON BIOMICROSCOPIC EXAM, MAY GIVE EARLY EYE UNNATURAL PALLOR & COOKED APPEARANCE.

... A CASE OF SEVERE CORNEAL & CONJUNCTIVAL ULCER WHICH DEVELOPED 10 DAYS AFTER AMMONIA WATER SPLASHED IN EYE /IS REPORTED/.

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE DIFFERS FROM OTHER ALKALIS IN ITS VOLATILITY; VAPOR (NH3) EVEN IN LOW CONCN IS EXTREMELY IRRITATING TO SKIN, EYES, & RESP PASSAGES. ... INGESTION OF AMMONIA SOLN PRODUCES EFFECTS SIMILAR TO OTHER CORROSIVE ALKALIS, NOTABLY CORROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS & GASTRITIS.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... APPLICATION OF 28.5% AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TO /RABBIT/ EYES FOR 2-20 SEC (BEFORE IRRIGATION WITH WATER) CAUSES INJURY RANGING FROM FAINT PERMANENT CORNEAL NEBULA TO PROFOUND CORNEAL OPACIFICATION & VASCULARIZATION PROPORTIONAL TO LENGTH OF EXPOSURE ... .

SOLN AT PH 9-11.5 APPLIED CONTINUOUSLY TO GINGIVAL CREVICE OF MONKEYS CAUSED ULCERATIVE LESIONS SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN ACUTE NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS, BUT GINGIVAL DESTRUCTION MAY HAVE BEEN DUE TO UNIONIZED AMMONIA LIBERATED FROM AMMONIUM SOLN.

Using a (51)Chromium release assay, the cytotoxic potencies of 56 test substances were evaluated in corneal endothelial cell cultures. All of these substances were nonirritants. Ammonium hydroxide was one of the tested substances.

Acids and alkalies /ammonium hydroxide/ were instilled into the eyes of 2 groups of rabbits; the eyes of 1 group were washed with tap water 30 seconds after exposure. All the alkalies of pH 11.5-13.5 produced opacities and other ocular damage of different degrees depending upon the alkali and its concn. Acidity and alkalinity of the test material are not the only factors to be considered in relation to a substances' capacity to produce severe ocular injury. The concn of the test chemical and its period of contact with the eye prior to washing are also important.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 0.024-0.093 mg/l/48 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 0.974 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.7 Temp= 21.1 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 1.27 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.8 Temp= 21.7 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 1.41 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.8 Temp= 22.8 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 0.024-0.093 mg/l/48 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 0.974 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.7 Temp= 21.1 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 1.27 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.8 Temp= 21.7 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 1.41 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.8 Temp= 22.8 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Neutralization: Put into large vessel containing water. Neutralize with hydrochloric acid. ... Recommendable methods: Landfill, ... chemical treatment. Not recommendable method: Thermal destruction. Peer-review: Small amounts only: Landfill, great dilution before discharge to sewer. Large amounts of ammonia in landfill leachate may make disposal of leachate difficult. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2672; Ammonia solutions density (specific gravity) between 0.880 and 0.957 at 15 °C in water with more than 10% but not more than 35% ammonia.

UN 2073; Ammonia solutions density (specific gravity) less than 0.880 at 15 °C in water, with more than 35% but not more than 50% ammonia.

UN 1005; Ammonia solutions density (specific gravity) less than 0.880 at 15 °C in water, with more than 50% ammonia.

IMO 2.2; Ammonia solutions density (specific gravity) less than 0.880 at 15 °C in water, with more than 50% ammonia; Ammonia solutions density (specific gravity) less than 0.880 at 15 °C in water, with more than 35% but not more than 50% ammonia.

IMO 8.3; Ammonia solutions density (specific gravity) between 0.880 and 0.957 at 15 °C in water, with more than 10% but not more than 35% ammonia.

49 352 80; Ammonium hydroxide (containing not less than 12% but not more than 44% ammonia)

49 403 47; Ammonium hydroxide (containing less than 12% ammonia).

49 403 16; Ammonium hydroxide (containing less than 12% ammonia, Ammoniacal liquor, not elsewhere classified)

49 352 34; Ammonium hydroxide (containing not less than 12% but not more than 44 ammonia, Ammoniacal liquor, not elsewhere classified)

49 042 20; Ammonia solutions containing more than 44% ammonia

49 048 79; Anhydrous ammonia (tundra cooling units, condensers, equalizers, or exchangers, oil field, gas or liquid, iron or steel, pipe type, containing not more than 0.0125 pounds anhydrous ammonia per foot of pipe length)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III