1-Naphthylamine

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P301+P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (13.6%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (37.5%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317 (37.5%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P262, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 280 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide.

Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, mist, spray.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.

Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U167, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

A degradation method involving the oxidation of aromatic amines with potassium permanganate/sulfuric acid was examined for possible treatment of laboratory wastes including benzidine, ortho-toluidine, ortho-dianisidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline), and meta-toluenediamine. Three requirements were sought for a degradation method: first, degradation of the compounds must be complete; second, the oxidation products formed must be nonmutagenic; and third, the method must be applicable and reproducible in its results. Two methods were used for the degradation. In the first method, 5 ml of a solution of 0.005M aromatic amine was treated with 5 ml of 0.2M solution of potassium permaganate in the presence of 10 ml of a 1M solution of sulfuric acid for 8 hours. In the second method, 10 ml of a solution of 0.005 M aromatic amine was treated with 5 ml of a 2M solution of sulfuric acid for 8 hours. At the end of the 8 hours, the reaction was stopped by adding just enough solid ascorbic acid to obtain complete decolorization of the solution. The pH was adjusted to 7 and 20 microliter aliquots injected into a high pressure liquid chromatography apparatus. Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA-100), (TA-98), and (TA-97) were used for mutagenicity studies. Degradation of 99.8% of all materials was achieved. Only 4-aminobiphenyl showed residual mutagenic activity, and further degradation with twice the amount of oxidant eliminated the activity. The method is recommended for use in treatment of solid compounds, solutions in volatile organic solvents, aqueous solutions, solutions in oil and for decontamination of glassware and spills.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Dry. Keep in the dark. Well closed.

Keep well closed and protected from light.

Store containers in well-ventilated area.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

4.0 [mg/m3]

22 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

Ca See Appendix A

[1910.1004] See Appendix B

A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

NIOSH considers alpha-naphthylamine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [N.D.]

See: IDLH INDEX

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and skin. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for alpha-Naphthylamine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin:

• WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

• DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

Alpha-naphthylamine appears as a crystalline solid or a solid dissolved in a liquid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless crystals with an ammonia-like odor; Note: Darkens in air to a reddish-purple color; [NIOSH]

WHITE CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS RED ON EXPOSURE TO AIR, LIGHT AND MOISTURE.

Colorless crystals with an ammonia-like odor.

Colorless crystals with an ammonia-like odor. [Note: Darkens in air to a reddish-purple color.]

Needles from ethanol (aq) or ether

YELLOW RHOMBIC NEEDLES

White crystals becoming red on exposure to air

Needles, becoming red on exposure to air, or a reddish, crystal mass

Colorless crystals; darkens in air to a reddish-purple color

Ammonia-like odor.

574 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

300.7 °C

300.8 °C

300.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

122 °F (NTP, 1992)

315 °F (NTP, 1992)

157 °C, 315 °F, (closed cup)

157 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Crystal powder; becomes bluish on exposure to air and light. Sol in about 27 parts water; sol in alcohol and ether /Hydrochloride/

Sol in chloroform

Freely sol in alcohol and ether

In water, 1.7X10+3 mg/L @ 20 °C

Solubility in water: none

1.12 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.114 g/cu cm

1.12 g/cm³

1.0228 @ 20°C

4.93 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.93 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.93

1 mmHg at 219.7 °F ; 5 mmHg at 279.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00418 [mmHg]

4.18X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.53

1 mmHg at 220 °F

(220 °F): 1 mmHg

log Kow = 2.25

Henry's Law constant = 4.63X10-7 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C

Sensitive to exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water. Napthyl amines can be slowly hydrolyzed, releasing NH3 as a byproduct [N.L. Drake, Org. React. 1, (1942), 105].

Amines, Aromatic

ALPHA-NAPHTHYLAMINE is incompatible with oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with nitrous acid. It reduces warm ammoniacal silver nitrate. (NTP, 1992).

Oxidizes in air.

Oxidizes in air

Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

1-Naphthylamine

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 4: (1974) Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Dizziness. Headache. Shortness of breath. Weakness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea.

dermatitis; hemorrhagic cystitis; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), ataxia, methemoglobinemia; hematuria (blood in the urine); dysuria; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Bladder, skin

[bladder cancer]

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

LD50 Rat oral 680 mg/kg bw

LC50 Rat inhalation >0.056 mg/L/4 hr

LD50 Rat (female) dermal 447 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat ip 620 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse ip 96 mg/kg bw

Formation of the N-glucuronide of 1-naphthylamine by rat and human phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was increased by 3-methylcholanthrene induction.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ dyspnea, ataxia, methemoglobinemia, hematuria, dysuria, and hemorrhagic cystitis. /from table/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute poisoning does not arise from its/ (1-naphthylamine)/ industrial use, but exposure to commercial grades of this compound in the past has resulted in many cases of papilloma and carcinoma of the bladder. It is possible that these tumors were attributable to the substantial 2-naphthylamine impurity.

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ 1-Naphthylamine was first reported to induce bladder cancer in dyestuff workers... . 6 cases of urinary bladder cancer deaths /were found/ among 1-naphthylamine workers who had not also been engaged in the production of 2-naphthylamine or benzidine; only 0.7 cases would have been expected. However, commercial 1-naphthylamine produced at that time was known to be contaminated by as much as 4-10% 2-naphthylamine as impurity. Two subsequent studies also found excess bladder cancer in dyestuff workers exposed to 1-naphthylamine but were unable to attribute the carcinogenic activity to 1-naphthylamine alone.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A dog, treated sc with 800 mg 1-naphthylamine showed strangury and hematuria. The symptoms declined 4 days later. The same dog showed at cystoscopy purpura of the bladder epithelium with numerous pin-head size subepidermal hemorrhages. Half a year later, at necropsy, the dog showed no macroscopical changes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Not irritating to rabbit skin after 24 hr ear exposure to 500 mg/animal, semi-occlusive. Observation time: 7 days. Slightly irritating to rabbit eyes at 50 mg/animal.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No toxicological symptoms /were seen in rats/ at the highest concentration that could be produced as an aerosol. No animal died. NOEL: 0.056 mg/L/4 hr.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A single dose of 200 mg/kg /1-naphthylamine/ administered by stomach tube, regularly produced methemoglobin in dogs. /from table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Cyprinus carpio oral 91-109 mg/kg bw/70 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Oryzias latipes (Medaka) 15 mg/L/24 hr; static

LC50 Oryzias latipes (Medaka) 7 mg/L/48 hr; static

LD50 Rat (Norway, wild) oral 300 mg/kg bw

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ No gross morphological abnormalities after exposure to 1-naphthylamine could be demonstrated in the cricket (Acheta domesticus) embryo bioassay.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment because it is persistent.

1-Naphthylamine's production and use in toning prints made with cerium salts, agricultural chemicals, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, antioxidants, herbicides, some drugs, and other chemicals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.18X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-naphthylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-naphthylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours. 1-Naphthylamine absorbs above 290 nm on the UV spectrum indicating that direct photolysis in the environment is possible. If released to soil, 1-naphthylamine is expected to have low mobility based upon a Koc range of 2,688 to 3,777. Results of a batch equilibrium study with various soils indicated that 1-naphthylamine binds to soil in two phases with an initial rapid and reversible equilibrium established between the amine and the inorganic and organic components of soil followed subsequently by a strong association with the humic fraction of soil via covalent bonding. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of 1-naphthylamine is 3.92, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. At the end of a 200 day experiment, 86% of the 1-naphthylamine incubated in soil had degraded, indicating that biodegradation may occur in the terrestrial environment. If released into water, 1-naphthylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. The rate of biodegradation of 1-naphthylamine in water was found to be 1.4 ug/hr. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-naphthylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-naphthylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-naphthylamine via contact with contaminated surface or groundwater or by inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

1-Naphthylamine has not been reported to occur naturally(1).

1-NAPHTHYLAMINE HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED TO OCCUR AS SUCH IN NATURE, BUT IT HAS BEEN FOUND ... IN COAL-TAR ... CIGARETTE SMOKE CONTAINS 0.03 UG OF 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE PER CIGARETTE.

LD50 Cyprinus carpio oral 91-109 mg/kg bw/70 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Oryzias latipes (Medaka) 15 mg/L/24 hr; static

LC50 Oryzias latipes (Medaka) 7 mg/L/48 hr; static

LD50 Rat (Norway, wild) oral 300 mg/kg bw

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ No gross morphological abnormalities after exposure to 1-naphthylamine could be demonstrated in the cricket (Acheta domesticus) embryo bioassay.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment because it is persistent.

1-Naphthylamine's production and use in toning prints made with cerium salts, agricultural chemicals, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, antioxidants, herbicides, some drugs, and other chemicals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.18X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-naphthylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-naphthylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours. 1-Naphthylamine absorbs above 290 nm on the UV spectrum indicating that direct photolysis in the environment is possible. If released to soil, 1-naphthylamine is expected to have low mobility based upon a Koc range of 2,688 to 3,777. Results of a batch equilibrium study with various soils indicated that 1-naphthylamine binds to soil in two phases with an initial rapid and reversible equilibrium established between the amine and the inorganic and organic components of soil followed subsequently by a strong association with the humic fraction of soil via covalent bonding. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of 1-naphthylamine is 3.92, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. At the end of a 200 day experiment, 86% of the 1-naphthylamine incubated in soil had degraded, indicating that biodegradation may occur in the terrestrial environment. If released into water, 1-naphthylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. The rate of biodegradation of 1-naphthylamine in water was found to be 1.4 ug/hr. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-naphthylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-naphthylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-naphthylamine via contact with contaminated surface or groundwater or by inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

1-Naphthylamine has not been reported to occur naturally(1).

1-NAPHTHYLAMINE HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED TO OCCUR AS SUCH IN NATURE, BUT IT HAS BEEN FOUND ... IN COAL-TAR ... CIGARETTE SMOKE CONTAINS 0.03 UG OF 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE PER CIGARETTE.

1-Naphthylamine's production and use in toning prints made with cerium salts(1), agricultural chemicals(2), and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, antioxidants, herbicides, some drugs, and other chemicals(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2,688 to 3,777, using a batch equilibrium technique(2), indicate that 1-naphthylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Results of a batch equilibrium study with various soils indicated that 1-naphthylamine binds to soil in two phases with an initial rapid and reversible equilibrium established between the amine and the inorganic and organic components of soil followed subsequently by a strong association with the humic fraction of soil via covalent binding(3,4). Volatilization of 1-naphthylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-7 atm-cu(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.18X10-3 mm Hg(5), and water solubility 1.7X10+3 mg/L(6). 1-Naphthylamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.18X10-3 mm Hg(4). The pKa of 1-naphthylamine is 3.92(7), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(8). At the end of a 200 day experiment, 86 percent of the 1-naphthylamine in the soil had degraded. This degradation was due to the bacteria native to the soil(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2,688 to 3,777, using a batch equilibrium technique(2), indicate that 1-naphthylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.18X10-3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility 1.7X10+3 mg/L(5). The pKa of 1-naphthylamine is 3.92(6), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to suspended solids and sediment than their neutral counterparts(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The rate of biodegradation of 1-naphthylamine in water was found to be 1.4 ug/hr(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-naphthylamine, which has a estimated vapor pressure of 4.18X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-naphthylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Using activated sludge from both domestic and industrial sources and the Warburg technique, 1-naphthylamine depletion after 6 hrs at 25 °C was measured to be 80-84% from an initial concn of 20 ppm(1). 1-Naphthylamine, at a concn of 500 ppm, was extensively oxidized by an aniline-acclimated activated sludge after 19 hrs in a Warburg respirometer(2). Over a 20-day period, no biodegradation of 200 ppm 1-naphthylamine as a sole carbon source was observed in a batch system containing an adapted activated sludge(3). 1-Naphthylamine at 500 ppm was found to inhibit oxygen uptake in a Warburg respirometer containing a municipal activated sludge(4). At 1000 ppm, 1-naphthylamine was toxic to an activated sludge(5). 1-Naphthylamine degradation in six different soils after 308 days of incubation at 23 °C varied from 16.6-30.7% as measured by radio-labelled carbon dioxide evolution(6). Comparison of carbon dioxide evolution in sterilized (via gamma radiation) versus unsterilized soil suggested that the degradation was predominantly microbial in nature(6). Approximately 16, 28 and 33% of added 1-naphthylamine degraded in Russell soil at temperatures of 12, 23 and 30 °C, respectively, indicating the effect of temperature on microbial degradation(6).

AEROBIC: In the study of flooded soil samples from the Montreal area, researchers found that the soil's native bacteria was able to degrade 1-naphthylamine under aerobic conditions at various pH. Biodegradation was more favorable at pH ranges 5.5-6.0 and 7.0-7.5(1). At the end of 200 days, 14 percent of 1-naphthylamine was recovered.(1) In a testfilter experiment with water from the River Elbe, Germany, researchers found that the biodegradation rate of 1-naphthylamine was 1.4/hr(2)

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-naphthylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.00X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Naphthylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1-Naphthylamine absorbs above 290 nm on the UV spectrum(3) indicating that direct photolysis in the environment is possible(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated for 1-naphthylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

Using a batch equilibrium technique, 1-naphthylamine Koc values of 2,688 and 3,173 were determined for two sandy-silt soils and a Koc value of 3,777 was determined for a silty-clay soil(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-naphthylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil. Results of a batch equilibrium study with various soils indicated that 1-naphthylamine binds to soil in two phases with an initial rapid and reversible equilibrium established between the amine and the inorganic and organic components of soil followed subsequently by a strong association with the humic fraction of soil via covalent binding(3,4). In laboratory study, 1-naphthyalmine was found to have a relatively moderate tendency to adsorb to lignite coal in subsurface areas where it may be present as a contaminant from coal-gasification plants(5).

The pKa of 1-naphthylamine is 3.92(1), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(2). Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), also suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-naphthylamine is 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.18X10-3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.7X10+3 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-naphthylamine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 1-Naphthylamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 4.18X10-3 mm Hg(1).

GROUNDWATER: 1-Naphthylamine was qualitatively detected in groundwater beneath a coal tar distillation and creosote wood preserving facility in St. Louis Park, MN(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Napthylamine has been qualitatively detected in the Buffalo River(1). 1-Naphthylamine was detected in the Sumida River, Japan, along with benzidine, dichlorobenzidine and 2-naphthylamine, at combined concentrations of 0.275-0.562 ppm(2).

1-Naphthylamine was qualitatively found in waste streams at a coal gasification facility in Chicago(1). Concentrations of 3 ppm was detected in the process water from an oil shale facility in Australia(2). 1-Naphthylamine was not detected at a detection limit of 1.0 ug/L in the tire leachate water from an unspecified location in the United States(3).

1-Naphthylamine was detected in sediment from the Buffalo River, NY at concentrations ranging from 7-80 ppb(1).

1-Naphthylamine levels of 10 and 40 ppb were found in fish samples collected near dye manufacturing plants on the Buffalo and Delaware Rivers, respectively(1).

An average 1-naphthylamine concn of 27.3 ng/cigarette was detected in mainstream cigarette smoke(1). Cigarette smoke contains about 0.03 ug of 1-naphthylamine per cigarette(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,132 workers (1,796 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-naphthylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-naphthylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-naphthylamine is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-naphthylamine via contact with contaminated surface or groundwater or by inhalation of cigarette smoke(SRC).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U167, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

A degradation method involving the oxidation of aromatic amines with potassium permanganate/sulfuric acid was examined for possible treatment of laboratory wastes including benzidine, ortho-toluidine, ortho-dianisidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline), and meta-toluenediamine. Three requirements were sought for a degradation method: first, degradation of the compounds must be complete; second, the oxidation products formed must be nonmutagenic; and third, the method must be applicable and reproducible in its results. Two methods were used for the degradation. In the first method, 5 ml of a solution of 0.005M aromatic amine was treated with 5 ml of 0.2M solution of potassium permaganate in the presence of 10 ml of a 1M solution of sulfuric acid for 8 hours. In the second method, 10 ml of a solution of 0.005 M aromatic amine was treated with 5 ml of a 2M solution of sulfuric acid for 8 hours. At the end of the 8 hours, the reaction was stopped by adding just enough solid ascorbic acid to obtain complete decolorization of the solution. The pH was adjusted to 7 and 20 microliter aliquots injected into a high pressure liquid chromatography apparatus. Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA-100), (TA-98), and (TA-97) were used for mutagenicity studies. Degradation of 99.8% of all materials was achieved. Only 4-aminobiphenyl showed residual mutagenic activity, and further degradation with twice the amount of oxidant eliminated the activity. The method is recommended for use in treatment of solid compounds, solutions in volatile organic solvents, aqueous solutions, solutions in oil and for decontamination of glassware and spills.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2077; Naphthylamine (alpha)

IMO 6.1; Naphthylamine (alpha)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 22-51/53; S: (2)-24-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III