Iron pentacarbonyl

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300+H310+H330 (63.8%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (99.4%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (74.8%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (24.5%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (99.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H372 (72.4%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 163 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed 12 to 36 hours. Caution is advised. Emesis may be contraindicated if victim has ingested a mixture of iron, pentacarbonyl and a hydrocarbon solvent or fuel.

Signs and Symptoms of Iron, Pentacarbonyl- Exposure: Acute exposure to iron, pentacarbonyl- may produce dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Delayed effects may include fever, cough, chest pain, pulmonary irritation, dypsnea (difficulty breathing), and respiratory failure. Continuous exposure may lead to coma.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to iron, pentacarbonyl- may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to iron, pentacarbonyl-.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to iron, pentacarbonyl-.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of iron, pentacarbonyl- is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Isolate area for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Cool containers exposed to flames with water until fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire.

This material is incompatible with water. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam for small fires, and water spray, fog, or foam for large fires. Move material from fire area if this can be done without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Fire fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Iron oxide fume/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Iron pentacarbonyl (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This material presents a vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Small Spill

· Cover with water, sand or earth. Shovel into metal container and keep material under water.

Large Spill

· Dike for later disposal and cover with wet sand or earth.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 136 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Air-Reactive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1994 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 100 m (300 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 400 m (1250 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.9 km (0.6 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.1 km (1.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 5.2 km (3.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 7.8 km (4.8 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Evacuate and restrict person not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Do not breathe vapors. Shut off or remove ignition sources in hazard area. Do not touch spilled material. Stop leak if this can be done without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Initial isolation and protective action distances: Distances shown are likely to be affected during the first 30 min after the materials are spilled and could increase with time. If more than one tank car, cargo tank, portable tank, or large cylinder involved in the incident is leaking, the protective action distance may need to be increased. ... Small spills (from a small package or a small leak from a large package): First: Isolate in all directions 300 ft/100 m. Then: Protect all persons downwind: Day 0.6 mi/0.9 km, Night 1.9 mi/3.1 km. Large spills (from a large package or from many small packages): First: Isolate in all directions 1500 ft/500 m. Then: Protect persons downwind: Day 3.5 mi/5.5 km, Night 5.5 mi/8.9 km.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 136 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Air-Reactive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with water, sand or earth. Shovel into metal container and keep material under water.

LARGE SPILL: Dike for later disposal and cover with wet sand or earth. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Keep under inert gas.

Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2-8 °C. Heat- and air-sensitive. Light sensitive. Handle and store under inert gas. Rapidly absorbed through skin.

Protect from light and air.

Store separately in an area isolated from flammables, combustibles, or other yellow coded materials. ... Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Before entering confined space where iron pentacarbonyl may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Store under nitrogen. Iron pentacarbonyl must be stored to avoid contact with water, since violent reactions occur. Store away from contact with light and air, oxidizers, and other incompatible materials ... . Iron pentacarbonyl should be handled in an automatic mechanized fashion at all times. Containers should be flushed with nitrogen before opening. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking an open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Because the vapors of /iron pentacarbonyl/ form explosive mixtures with air, this chemical should be stored under /carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen/... .

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· For Phosphorus (UN1381): Special aluminized protective clothing should be worn when direct contact with the substance is possible.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.1 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Final

0.0055 [ppm]

0.060 [ppm]

0.18 [ppm]

0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m³)

0.2 ppm (0.45 mg/m³)

TWA 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m³) ST 0.2 ppm (0.45 mg/m³)

none See Appendix G

0.4 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

0.4 [ppm]

See: 2016-166

0.2 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.2 ppm.

0.1 ppm as TWA; 0.2 ppm as STEL.

0.1 ppm [1979]

0.2 ppm [1979]

0.81 mg/m

Small Fire

· Water spray, wet sand or wet earth.

Large Fire

· Water spray or fog.

· Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Recommended maximum permissible concn of iron pentacarbonyl in working zone was 0.1 mg/cu m.

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)

Iron pentacarbonyl appears as a yellow to dark red liquid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Very toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. Flash point 5 °F. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless to yellow to dark-red, oily liquid; [NIOSH] Ignites in air; Insoluble in water; [Sullivan, p. 979]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW OR DARK RED VISCOUS LIQUID.

Colorless to yellow to dark-red, oily liquid.

Yellow, oily liquid

Colorless to yellow oily liquid

Mobile yellow liquid

Colorless to yellow to dark red, oily liquid

Viscous, yellow liquid

Musty odor

Indistinctive odor

216.8 °F at 749 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

217 °F at 749 mmHg

103 °C @760 [mm Hg]

(749 mmHg) 217 °F

-5.8 °F (EPA, 1998)

-20.5 °C

5 °F (EPA, 1998)

-15 °C (5 °F) - closed cup

-15 °C c.c.

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Water solubility data for iron pentacarbonyl are contradictory; a value of 50-100 mg/L can be assumed...the solubility of water in iron pentacarbonyl is 200-400 mg/kg.

In water, 44 mg/L at 20 °C

Insoluble in water

Practically insoluble in water

For more Solubility (Complete) data for Iron pentacarbonyl (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

1.457 at 69.8 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.46 g/cu cm

Relative density (water = 1): 1.5

1.457 at 69.8 °F

1.46-1.52 @ 20°C

1.46-1.52

6.74 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

6.74 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.8

40 mmHg at 86.54 °F (EPA, 1998)

21.0 [mmHg]

VP: 34.9 to 875.8 hPa at 20 to 100 °C

Highly flammable. Iron pentacarbonyl is spontaneously flammable in air, [R. Kamo, IIT Progs. Rept. 1, p. 23(1962)]. Insoluble in water.

Organometallics

Strong Reducing Agent

Pyrophoric

Organometallics, such as IRON PENTACARBONYL, are reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents. Often reactive with water to generate toxic or flammable gases. A brown pyrophoric powder is produced by the combination of the carbonyl with acetic acid containing greater than 5% of water.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines, halogens.

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. ... Pyrophoric in air. Mixtures with nitrogen explode above 50 °C. Violent reaction with zinc + transition metal halides (e.g., cobalt halides, rhodium halides, ruthenium halides). Mixtures with acetic acid + water produce a pyrophoric powder.

The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with oxidizers, nitrogen oxide, acetic acid, strong bases, water, amines, halogens, hydrogen, carbon tetrachloride, phosgene, mercaptans, transition metal halides (zinc + cobalt halides).

Oxidizers, nitrogen oxide, (zinc + cobalt halides) [Note: Pyrophoric (i.e., ignites spontaneously in air). Decomposed by light or air, releasing carbon monoxide.] /Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe)/

Oxidizers, nitrogen oxide, (zinc + cobalt halides) [Note: Pyrophoric (i.e., ignites spontaneously in air). Decomposed by light or air, releasing carbon monoxide.]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Iron pentacarbonyl is a colorless to yellow, oily liquid. It is used to make finely divided iron, so-called carbonyl iron, which is used in the manufacture of powdered iron cores for high frequency coils used in the radio and television industry. It is also used as an antiknock agent in motor fuels, and as catalyst and reagent in organic reactions. HUMAN STUDIES: Potential symptoms of overexposure include irritation of eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory system, as well as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fever, cyanosis, cough, and dyspnea. Degenerative CNS changes, as well as liver, kidney, and lung injury, may also occur. Death usually occurs in 4-11 days from exposure to lethal concentrations. Vapors of iron pentacarbonyl are extremely toxic and have a strong effect on respiratory organs, and mucous membranes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats exposed to iron pentacarbonyl (270 mg/cu m) showed lethargy, respiratory difficulty, 4% carboxyhemoglobin, and some animals were dead the next day. Histological examination revealed lung edema and congestion.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Headache. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Vomiting. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, mucous membrane, respiratory system; headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting; fever, cyanosis, cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); liver, kidney, lung injury; degenerative changes in central nervous system

Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 Mouse inhalation 7 g/cu m/10 min

LD50 Rabbit sc 240 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 22 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit iv 11 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Iron pentacarbonyl (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Iron and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Iron and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and Related Compounds/

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. ... Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Medical observation is recommended for 24-48 hr after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a corticosteroid spray.

Initial Medical Examination: A complete history and medical examination: The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions such as lung, liver, and kidney disease that might place etc ... that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the respiratory system should be stressed. A 14 x 17 inch chest roentgenogram: ... Surveillance of the lungs is indicated. FVC and FEV. ... Periodic surveillance is indicated. The aforementioned medical examination should be repeated on an annual basis, except that an x-ray is considered necessary only when indicated by results of pulmonary function testing. /Iron oxide fume/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ While there is no information on the health effects of exposure of humans to iron pentacarbonyl, the clinical picture of acute exposure to high concentrations is expected to resemble that of nickel carbonyl ... . The immediate symptoms of headache and dizziness are followed in 12 to 36 hours by fever, cyanosis, cough and dyspnea. The primary effects are on the lungs; however, degenerative changes in the central nervous system have also been reported for the related nickel carbonyl.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory system; headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting; fever, cyanosis, cough, dyspnea; liver, kidney, lung injury; degenerative CNS changes.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Signs and symptoms of overexposure to /iron pentacarbonyl/ resemble those of /nickel carbonyl/ immediately upon exposure, giddiness and headache, occasionally accompanied by dyspnea and vomiting. Removal from exposure reverses the symptoms, but dyspnea returns in 12-36 hr, accompanied by fever, cyanosis, and cough. Death usually occurs in 4-11 days from exposure to lethal concentrations. Pathological changes consist of pulmonary hepatization, vascular injury, and degeneration of the CNS.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Vapors of iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO)5 are extremely toxic and have a strong effect on respiratory organs, and mucous membranes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats (Alderley Park; n=4/sex/group) were exposed to pentacarbonyliron concentrations of 270 and 122 ... mg/cu m (33 and 15 ... ppm, respectively), 5.5 hr/day, for 1 and 2 ... days, respectively. In the high-concentration group, animals showed lethargy, respiratory difficulty, 4% carboxyhemoglobin, and 3 animals were dead the next day. Histological examination revealed lung edema and congestion. In the 15-ppm group, similar effects (mortality in 4 animals 3-4 days later, lethargy, respiratory difficulty, lung edema and congestion) were observed. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... Rats (SPF-Wistar; n=5/sex/group) were exposed (whole body) to 81.5, 24, and 8.15 mg/cu m (10, 3, 1 ppm, respectively) pentacarbonyliron, 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 28 days. Because of ... mortality in the 10- and 3-ppm group, treatment was discontinued after 1 and 2 exposures, respectively. Two additional test groups were included and exposed to 2.4, and 0.82 mg/cu m (0.3, 0.1 ppm, respectively). In the 10-ppm group, animals showed abdominal respiration, piloerection, reddish crusts on the edges of the nose, deteriorated general state, and squatting posture. All animals were dead or sacrificed moribund by study day 4. Upon postmortem ... examination, there were minimal irritation of the upper respiratory tract ... and effects on the lungs (intensive discoloration in 10/10, minimal to marked interstitial pneumonia in 10/10, minimal to marked regenerative proliferation in 8/10), spleen (strongly reduced size and lymphocyte depletion in 3/10 and 4/10, respectively), mediastinal lymph nodes (2/5 females), and liver (yellowish, grey, or green-brown foci in 4/10). In the 3-ppm group, 50% of the animals were dead or sacrificed moribund by study day 4, showing signs similar to those seen in the 10-ppm group. In the surviving animals (2 males, 3 females), observed without further exposure for about 4 weeks, piloerection and accelerated respiration lasted up to study day 5 and 9, respectively. The absolute and relative lung weights of these animals were increased. Postmortem macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed some minimal upper respiratory tract irritation ... and effects on the lungs (intensive discoloration in 5/10, minimal to marked interstitial pneumonia in 7/10, minimal to marked regenerative proliferation in 6/10), spleen (lymphocyte depletion in 2/5 females ... ) and liver (foci in 1/5 females). There were no effects on body weight development or on hematological, clinical chemical, and urinalysis parameters. In the animals exposed to 8.15 mg/cu m, 2.4 mg/cu m, and 0.82 mg/cu m ... , no substance-related clinical signs and findings or influence on body weight development were seen. There was a dose-related increase in carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), measured after 17 days on test, which was statistically significant in male animals exposed to 1, 0.3, and 0.1 ppm and in female animals exposed to 1 and 0.3 ppm. The highest percentage of COHb was 2.1. Further, increases in absolute and relative lung weight were found. Postmortem macroscopic and microscopic examination did not reveal compound-related changes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Rats (Alderley Park; n=4/sex/group) were exposed to pentacarbonyliron concentrations of... 57 mg/cu m (... 7 ppm ...), 5.5 hr/day, for ... 18 days ... . Exposure to 7 ppm did not result in signs of toxicity or in macroscopic changes in lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, and adrenals (no more data/details presented).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5), which has a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), and would be expected to exist as a vapor in the air(SRC). When exposed to light, iron pentacarbonyl is slowly converted to iron nonacarbonyl(1).

Endogenous metals present in tobacco from agricultural practices have been purported to generate metal carbonyls in cigarette smoke. Transition metal catalysts, such as iron oxide, have been investigated for the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) in cigarette smoke. These studies motivated the development of an analytical method to determine if iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)(5)] is present in mainstream smoke from cigarette models having cigarette paper made with iron oxide. An FT-IR puff-by-puff method was developed and the detection limit was determined using two primary reference spectra from different sources to estimate the amount of Fe(CO)(5) present in a high-pressure steel cylinder of CO. We do not detect Fe(CO)(5) in a single 35 mL puff from reference cigarettes or from those cigarette models having cigarette paper made with iron oxide, with a 30-ppbV limit of detection (LOD). Also, it was shown that a filter containing activated carbon would remove Fe(CO)(5).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of iron pentacarbonyl in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as 25 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1822 workers (272 of these are female) were potentially exposed to iron carbonyl in the US(1). Occupational exposure to iron carbonyl may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where iron carbonyl is produced or used(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5), which has a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), and would be expected to exist as a vapor in the air(SRC). When exposed to light, iron pentacarbonyl is slowly converted to iron nonacarbonyl(1).

Endogenous metals present in tobacco from agricultural practices have been purported to generate metal carbonyls in cigarette smoke. Transition metal catalysts, such as iron oxide, have been investigated for the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) in cigarette smoke. These studies motivated the development of an analytical method to determine if iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)(5)] is present in mainstream smoke from cigarette models having cigarette paper made with iron oxide. An FT-IR puff-by-puff method was developed and the detection limit was determined using two primary reference spectra from different sources to estimate the amount of Fe(CO)(5) present in a high-pressure steel cylinder of CO. We do not detect Fe(CO)(5) in a single 35 mL puff from reference cigarettes or from those cigarette models having cigarette paper made with iron oxide, with a 30-ppbV limit of detection (LOD). Also, it was shown that a filter containing activated carbon would remove Fe(CO)(5).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of iron pentacarbonyl in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as 25 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1822 workers (272 of these are female) were potentially exposed to iron carbonyl in the US(1). Occupational exposure to iron carbonyl may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where iron carbonyl is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Iron pentacarbonyl ID: 1994 [Table#5894]

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Iron pentacarbonyl (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1994; Iron pentacarbonyl

IMO 6.1; Iron pentacarbonyl

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Iron pentacarbonyl is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Iron pentacarbonyl is included on the dangerous goods list.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I