beryllium sulfate

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (50%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H350i (50%): May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Use fine water spray. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Response to discharge: Issue warning poison, corrosive; Restrict access; Should be removed; chemical and physical treatment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

0.002 [mg/m3], as Be, Ceiling(OSHA) = 0.005 mg/m3, as Be(0.025 mg/m3,as Be,for 30 min.peak per 8-hr shift)

4.0 [mg/m3], as Be

NIOSH considers beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

0.00005 [mg/m3], as Be, inhalable fraction

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.00005 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction); Skin. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

2013 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): Updates of Sensitizer (SEN) Notations to Dermal Sensitizer (DSEN) and/or Respiratory Sensitizer (RSEN). The following substances are placed on the NIC for review of this notation only. Substance: Beryllium and compounds, as Be; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.00005 mg/cu m (Inhalable fraction); Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): None; Notations: Skin; Dermal Sensitization (DSEN), Respiratory Sensitization (RSEN); A1: Confirmed human carcinogen.; Molecular Weight: 9.01; TLV Basis: Beryllium sensitization; Beryllium disease (berylliosis). /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

(as Be): (inhalable fraction): 0.00005 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): 0.0002 mg/m

sensitization of respiratory tract and skin (SAH); carcinogen category:.

Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134)

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of dust or fume may cause chemical pneumonitis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Exposure could cause death.

Sensitization to the substance, through repeated or prolonged inhalation or skin contact, may result in serious granulomatous lung disease (chronic beryllium disease). This substance is carcinogenic to humans.

Face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Closed system and ventilation.

Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/[Table#1095]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use closed system.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Large Crystals

Colorless odorless solid; Soluble in water; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.

Colorless, tetrahedral crystals

Colorless crystalline solid

Odorless

In water, 41.3 g/100 g water at 25 °C

Insoluble in cold water

Insoluble in alcohol

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 41.3 (good)

2.5 g/cu cm

Density: 1.713; decomposes at 540 °C /Tetrahydrate/

2.4 g/cm³

Hygroscopic

Undergoes polymorphic transitions at 5 °C and 6 °C. On further heating dissociates without melting to BeO, SO3, SO2 and O2 crystals.

Colorless crystals. Decomposes at 92 °C /Beryllium sulfate dihydrate/

Colorless tetrahedral crystals. Decomposes at approximately 100 degC; density: 1.71 g/cu cm; solubility: 41.3 g/100 g water at 25 °C; insoluble in ethanol /Beryllium sulfate tetrahydrate/

Crystals. Specific gravity 1.71. At about 100 °C loses 2H2O. Very soluble in water. Practically insoluble in alcohol. /Beryllium sulfate tetrahydrate/

Metals -> Beryllium Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

Acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, molten lithium. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (L25, A37, A91)

There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds cause cancer of the lung. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

Beryllium and beryllium compounds are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. /Beryllium and compounds/

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Acute inhalation of a high level of beryllium can results in a pneumonia-like condition called acute beryllium disease. Chronic inhalation of beryllium can caused an inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system called chronic beryllium disease. Chronic beryllium disease may result in anorexia and weight loss, as well as right side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases. Chronic exposure can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Skin contact with beryllium results in contact dermatitus. (L24, L25)

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation of its aerosol, by ingestion and through the skin.

Inhalation (L24)

Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough. (L24, L25)

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

LCLo (rat) = 10 mg/m3

LD50: 0.51 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (A193)

LD50 Rat (female) 0.51 mg/Be/kg, intravenously injected

LD50 Rats oral 120 mg Be/kg

LD50 Mice oral 140 mg Be /kg

Chronic beryllium disease is treated with immunosuppressive medicines, usually of the glucocorticoid class. (L24)

Exposure to beryllium fluioride enhanced the toxic response to beryllium sulfate.

... Specific pathogen free male Fischer-344 rats received daily ip injections of ferric-ammonium-citrate at 40 mg/kg bw at 1 mL/kg or an equal volume of saline. Beginning on day 4, rats were simultaneously exposed to an aerosol of beryllium sulfate for 2 hr/day through nose-only inhalation. By day 15, mortality was 80% in the beryllium plus ferric-ammonium-citrate group. Exposure was then discontinued. By day 18, all rats in the beryllium sulfate plus saline group had died, while the cumulative mortality for the beryllium plus ferric-ammonium-citrate group was only 66%. By day 19, mortality in this group had reached a max of 76%.

... Specific pathogen free male Fischer-344 rats were ip injected with 1 mg of ionic beryllium, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, or saline once/day for 7 days, then killed 16 hr after the final injection. Livers were assayed for ferritin and metallothionein. Other rats received 40 mg/kg ferric-ammonium-citrate ip for 3 days; ferritin was later assayed in some animals while others received 2.2 to 25 mg/kg beryllium sulfate doses iv, followed by ferric-ammonium-citrate or saline for 14 days. Median lethal dose (LD50) were determined. Some animals received 40 mg/kg ferric-ammonium-citrate ip for 3 days followed by 6 mg/kg radiolabeled beryllium sulfate; beryllium distribution and excretion were determined at 48 hr. All ferritin samples regardless of the ion injected contained large amt of iron and lesser amt of zinc and copper, but all injected metal ions were sequestered to some degree. Cadmium, copper, and zinc induced the synthesis of metallothionein. animals pretreated with ferric-ammonium-citrate invariably survived longer after iv beryllium sulfate than did controls. When ferric-ammonium-citrate treatment was continued after beryllium injection, the LD50 was incr from 3.85 mg/kg to 8.43 mg/kg. No differences were found in beryllium concn between ferric-ammonium-citrate protected and control animals in liver. Spleen and lungs of ferric-ammonium-citrate treated animals, however, contained about 20% less beryllium, while kidneys and large intestine in ferric-ammonium-citrate treated animals contained 50 and 250% more, respectively. Total urinary beryllium output was significantly less in ferric-ammonium-citrate treated animals while fecal output was significantly elevated. However, combined beryllium excretion did not differ significantly between groups.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

/BIOMONITORING/ The association between airborne beryllium (Be) levels in the workplace and the Be lymphocyte transformation test (BeLTT) values of exposed workers was examined. The subjects consisted of 83 workers of two beryllium/copper (BeCu) alloy manufacturing factories. In the A-factory, 24 workers were employed in a BeCu alloy process (A1) and 25 workers were employed in a BeCu metal mold manufacturing process (A2). In the B-factory, six workers were employed in a BeCu cold rolling, drawing, and heat treatment process (B1) and 28 workers were employed in a BeCu slitting treatment process (B2). A total of 159 unexposed workers served as the control group. From 1992 to 1995, area samples collected in the workplaces were analyzed for Be via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood samples were obtained from workers and lymphocyte cultures were incubated with beryllium-sulfate and radiolabeled thymidine. A scintillation counter was used to measure thymidine uptake. The airborne Be concentration was highest at the A1 process, with means ranging from 0.16 to 0.26 microgram per cubic meter (ug/cu m). At the remaining processes, the mean airborne Be concentrations tended to be no higher than 0.03 ug/cu m. The mean stimulation index (SI) was 133+/-61% for the A1 process, 133+/-51% for the B1 process, 120+/-57% for the A2 process and 100+/-21% for the B2 process. The SI values were significantly higher in the A1, A2, and B1 processes than in the B2 process. The SI values exceeded 200% in 11%, 8%, 6%, and 0% of the determinations at the A1, A2, B1, and B2 processes, respectively. Among the controls, the mean SI ranged from 95+/-17% to 137+/-23%. Two out of 159 controls had an SI value greater than 200%. The authors conclude that the BeLTT may be used in the detection of chronic beryllium disease.

/GENOTOXICITY/ ...increased sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in ...cultured human lymphocytes after treatment with beryllium sulfate /was described in one study/. ...On the other hand, no increase in SCE by beryllium sulfate treatment of human lymphocytes or cultured macrophage cell line was found /in another study/.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Inhalation of particulate beryllium (Be) and its compounds causes chronic Be disease (CBD) in a relatively small subset ( approximately 1-6%) of exposed individuals. Hallmarks of this pulmonary disease include increases in several cell types, including lung fibroblasts, that contribute to the fibrotic component of the disorder. In this regard, enhancements in cell proliferation appear to play a fundamental role in CBD development and progression. Paradoxically, however, some existing evidence suggests that Be actually has antiproliferative effects. In order to gain further information about the effects of Be on cell growth, /the authors/: (1) assessed cell proliferation and cell cycle effects of low concentrations of Be in normal human diploid fibroblasts, and (2) investigated the molecular pathway(s) by which the cell cycle disturbing effects of Be may be mediated. Treatment of human lung and skin fibroblasts with Be added in the soluble form of BeSO(4) (0.1-100 uM) caused inhibitions of their growth in culture in a concentration-dependent manner. Such growth inhibition was found to persist, even after cells were further cultured in Be(2+)-free medium. Flow cytometric analyses of cellular DNA labeled with the DNA-binding fluorochrome DAPI revealed that Be causes a G(0)-G(1)/pre-S phase arrest. Western blot analyses indicated that the Be-induced G(0)-G(1)/pre-S phase arrest involves elevations in TP53 (p53) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A (p21(Waf-1,Cip1)). That Be at low concentrations inhibits the growth of normal human fibroblasts suggests the possibility of the existence of abnormal cell cycle inhibitory responses to Be in individuals who are sensitive to the metal and ultimately develop CBD.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In fibroblasts, beryllium salt causes activation of the p53 transcription factor and induction of a senescence-like state. It is not known whether Be(2+) can affect the proliferation of cancer cells, which are generally unsusceptible to senescence. A172 glioblastoma and RKO colon carcinoma cell lines each have wildtype p53, so these cell types have the potential to be responsive to agents that activate p53. In A172 cells, BeSO(4) produced a G(0)/G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest and increased expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, an enzymatic marker of senescence. BeSO(4) caused phosphorylation of serine-15 of p53, accumulation of p53 protein, and expression of p21, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is prominent during senescence. BeSO(4) inhibited A172 growth with an IC(50) = 4.7 uM in a 6-day proliferation assay. In contrast, BeSO(4) had no effect on RKO cells, even though Be(2+) uptake was similar for the two cell types. This differential responsiveness marks BeSO(4) as a reagent capable of activating a separable branch of the p53 signaling network. A172 and RKO cells are known to exhibit p53-dependent upregulation of p21 in response to DNA damage. The RKO cells produced high levels of p21 when exposed to DNA damaging agents, yet failed to express p21 when treated with BeSO(4). Conversely, BeSO(4) did not cause DNA damage in A172 cells, yet it was a potent inducer of p21 expression. These observations indicate that the growth control pathway affected by BeSO(4) is distinct from the DNA damage response pathway, even though both ultimately converge on p53 and p21.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM SULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Injection of aq soln beryllium sulfate ... into cornea of rabbits has caused diffuse clouding within an hr ... progressing to leukoma & permanent scarring.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute - iv injection aq soln beryllium sulfate ... in liver necrosis of parenchyma is widespread & progressive ... significant fall in potassium level. In spleen ... red & white cells suffer severe damage with destruction. In bone marrow ... hyperemia, small hemorrhages & focal cell destruction ... necrosis ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Fischer 344-rats were exposed in a nose only inhalation arrangement to an aerosol of beryllium sulfate for 1 hr to study the chronic toxicity of this cmpd. The rats were observed for 1 yr following this single exposure. Significant elevations of lactate-dehydrogenase activity were noted for as long this 1 yr period of time following exposure. Histopathologic findings indicated progressive lesions developed over the time period. Small pneumonitis lesions were noted 3 wk after exposure which incr in size and severity over the ensuing months, and involving the entire subpleural regions. Alveolitis continued to be significant at all time points examined, manifested by a heteromorphic population of macrophages. Neutrophils and cellular debris continued to be found even at 1 yr post exposure, but this was less prominent than has been reported in other studies. The incr in lavage enzymes and presence of alveolitis indicated a continuing process of ongoing cellular injury. Total lung hydroxyproline values remained unchanged over the 1 yr time course. An incr was noted in alkaline-phosphatase and type-II hyperplasia which may represent incr alkaline-phosphatase assoc with type-II pneumocyte proliferation rather than with type-II cell destruction. Definitive granulomata did not result from this single exposure.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Male F-344/CRL rats were exposed to an inhalation chamber concentration of either 3.3 ug Be/L (particle mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)= 1.95 um) or 7.0 ug Be/L (MMAD= 2.0 um) and male BALB/CBD mice were exposed to 7.2 ug Be/L (MMAD= 1.85 um) at pH 2. Controls were exposed to aerosols of sulfuric acid (pH 2). Exposure time for all animals was 1 hr. Groups of 3-4 animals were lavaged on selected days up to 21 days postexposure. The lavage fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of rats exposed to 3.3 ug/L was values significantly higher from controls at day 1, (p< 0.05), with a maximum difference peaked at day 8, (p< 0.005), and returned to control levels by day 21. Alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly increased by day 1 (p< 0.01), peaked at day 5 (p< 0.005), and decreased by day 21, but remained significantly elevated. Rats exposed to 7.0 ug Be/L had similar enzyme patterns. In lung lavage of mice exposed to 7.2 ug Be/L, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly elevated by day 3 (p< 0.01), and peaked at day 5 (p< 0.01). /Beryllium sulfate tetrahydrate/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM SULFATE (42 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Beryllium sulfate was evaluated for genotoxicity in vitro in human Passage 23 WI-38 fibroblasts exposed for 90 minutes to concentrations of 1X10E-7, 1X10E-6, 1X10E-5, 1X10E-4, and 1X10E-3 M test compound in the presence of 1 microCi/ml of 3H-thymidine (6.7 Ci/ml), followed by exposure to only 3H-thymidine for 3 hours. The rate of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in hepatocytes was determined by measuring the extent of incorporation of labeled thymidine into DNA, using a scintillation counter; results were expressed per unit of DNA. The rate of UDS in treated cell cultures ranged from 0.77-1.12 times that of the negative control, indicating that the test compound was negative for UDS in human fibroblasts under the conditions of this assay. Positive control treatment with 4-nitroquinoline oxide (1X10E-5 M) produced the expected high increase in UDS (64.19 times that of solvent control).

TLM for guppies 20.3 mg/L/96 hr in hard water, 0.19 mg/L/96 hr in soft water. Toxicity was age dependent.

TLM (median tolerance value) Salamander larvae (Ambystoma species) averaged 24.85 & 5.65 mg Be/L respectively in hard & soft water.

EC50; Species: Enchytraeus crypticus (Earthworm) adult; direct application using natural soil (1.2% organic matter, 60% moisture) 52 mg/kg for 28 days (95% confidence interval: 50-54 mg/kg); Effect: reproduction, progeny counts/numbers

TLM for guppies 20.3 mg/L/96 hr in hard water, 0.19 mg/L/96 hr in soft water. Toxicity was age dependent.

TLM (median tolerance value) Salamander larvae (Ambystoma species) averaged 24.85 & 5.65 mg Be/L respectively in hard & soft water.

EC50; Species: Enchytraeus crypticus (Earthworm) adult; direct application using natural soil (1.2% organic matter, 60% moisture) 52 mg/kg for 28 days (95% confidence interval: 50-54 mg/kg); Effect: reproduction, progeny counts/numbers

EC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) adult, weight 0.3-0.6 g, Clitellate; direct application 63 mg/kg for 21 days (95% confidence interval: 51-75 mg/kg); Effect: reproduction, progeny counts/numbers

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM SULFATE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ Although the seeds /SRP: Lepidium sativum L. (garden cress)/ germinated with decreasing concentrations of beryllium chloride and beryllium sulfate (10-3 to 10-7 M dissolved in water) the percentage of germinating seeds was lower than in the control ... Contents of chlorophyll a and b in Be2+ treated seedlings were lower than in the control, especially chlorophyll a.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 120 workers (none of these were female) were potentially exposed to beryllium sulfate in the US(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1566; Beryllium compounds, NOS

IMO 6.1; Beryllium compounds, NOS

49 233 30; Beryllium sulfate

49 232 16; Beryllium compounds, not otherwise specified

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Beryllium compounds, NOS/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Unbreakable packaging; put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 49-25-26-36/37/38-43-48/23-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: A, E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II