BROMINE CHLORIDE (BrCl)

H272 (50%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H290 (50%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331 (50%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (50%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (50%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P390, P391, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention. Artificial respiration may be needed.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended. Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®. Do not get water inside containers. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

If material involved in fire: extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. Do not apply water to point of leak in tank car or container.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

· Ventilate the area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2901 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 100 m (300 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 1000 m (3000 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.5 km (0.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.8 km (1.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 5.7 km (3.5 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 11.0+ km (7.0+ mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray. Shut off cylinder if possible. Isolate the area until the gas has dispersed. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not involved in fire: keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Do not use water.

Personnel protection: avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Avoid bodily contact with the material.

Evacuation: if material leaking (not on fire), consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius based on amount of material spilled, location, and weather conditions.

Do NOT spray water on leaking cylinder (to prevent corrosion of cylinder). Turn leaking cylinder with the leak up to prevent escape of gas in liquid state.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof if in building. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Fireproof if in building. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs ... Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

When dry bromine chloride is stored in a pressurized cylinder (a closed system), no product composition change can occur.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR=Not recommended. Absence of an AEGL-1 value does not imply that exposures below the AEGL-2 value are without adverse effects.

AEGLs Status: Final

0.075 [ppm]

0.83 [ppm]

2.5 [ppm]

CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended.

· Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

On loss of containment, a harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly, especially in confined spaces.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause asthma-like reactions. Inhalation may cause pneumonitis. Inhalation may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. Exposure could cause death.

The substance may have effects on the respiratory tract and lungs. This may result in chronic inflammation and impaired functions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

NO contact with flammables. NO contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use breathing protection. Use closed system and ventilation.

Cold-insulating gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Bromine chloride appears as a reddish-yellow mobile liquid with an irritating odor. Toxic by ingestion or inhalation, and an irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Prolonged exposure of the containers to intense heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing. Used as an industrial disinfectant.

Dark red liquid (<5 deg C); [HSDB] Dark liquid with harsh, penetrating odor; [CHEMINFO MSDS]

GAS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Dark red liquid (<5 °C)

Reddish-yellow, mobile liquid

5 °C (decomposes)

Soluble in ethanol and carbon disulfide

Soluble in ether

Reacts with water

Soluble in water

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: (good)

Density (at 25 °C): 2.32 g/ml

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 2.368

Decomposes partly at room temperature to chlorine and bromine. The substance decomposes on contact with moisture producing toxic gases including chlorine and bromine.

Decomposes above 50 °F to produce highly toxic chlorine gas.

Heat of formation: 14.6 kJ/mol; molar entropy: 240.1 J/mol-K; heat capacity: 35.0 J/mol-K

Ionization energy: 11.01 eV

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Oxidizers

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Effective Food Contact Substance (FCS) Notifications

Soluble in water [Hawley]. Reacts with water or steam to produce hydrochloric acid and possibly hydrobromic acid.

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Halogenating Agents

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Water-Reactive

BROMINE CHLORIDE is a strong oxidizing agent. May react vigorously with combustible materials and generate enough heat to start and support combustion. Decomposes above 50 °F to produce highly toxic chlorine gas.

The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violenty with combustible and reducing materials.

Exposing bromine chloride to water or steam will result in the formation of hydrochloric acid, a highly corrosive acidic solution.

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Wheezing. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Blurred vision. Pain. Burns.

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.

INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.

SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.

INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short-term exposure: Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause asthma-like reactions. Inhalation may cause pneumonitis. Inhalation may cause lung edema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. The symptoms of lung edema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed, and they are aggravated by physical effort. Exposure may result in death. Long-term exposure: The substance may have effects on the respiratory tract and lungs , resulting in chronic inflammation and impaired functions.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Concentration: 0.52 ppm for 96 hr; Conditions: static

LC50; Species: Salmo gairdneri (Rainbow trout); Concentration: 0.31 ppm for 96 hr; Conditions: static

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 1.07 ppm for 48 hr; Conditions; static

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Concentration: 0.52 ppm for 96 hr; Conditions: static

LC50; Species: Salmo gairdneri (Rainbow trout); Concentration: 0.31 ppm for 96 hr; Conditions: static

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 1.07 ppm for 48 hr; Conditions; static

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

UN 2901; Bromine Chloride

Poison Gas Corrosive Oxidizer

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 2.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 5.1 and 8