Sodium phenoxide

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 50 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Do not let product enter drains. Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Phenol/

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Sodium phenolate, solid appears as a white to reddish colored solid in the form of crystalline rods. Used as an antiseptic and in organic synthesis.

Colorless solid; [Merck Index] White deliquescent solid; [Hawley] White to reddish deliquescent solid; [HSDB] Powder; [MSDSonline]

White, deliquescent crystals

Hygroscopic crystals

Very soluble in water

Soluble in alcohol

Soluble in acetone

0.00000003 [mmHg]

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sodium oxide/.

Decomposes in acid

Decomposed by carbon dioxide in the air

The material and solutions are corrosive to metals.

Aqueous solution is caustic

Deliquescent

Decomposed by carbon dioxide in air

Other Classes -> Phenols

Antimicrobial

Decomposes in air. Soluble in water. In both cases, a corrosive alkaline solution forms that is a strong irritant to skin and eyes.

Phenolic Salts

Salts, basic, such as SODIUM PHENOLATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

... ingestion of 140 mg/kg caused death.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Do not use emetics. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam. ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/

... There is some suggestive evidence that a biologic monitoring method may be useful for detecting an excessive internal dose on an individual ... and/or on a group basis /for phenol/. Tentative max value in urine <20 mg/g creatinine, permissible value 300 mg/g creatinine. /From table/

Physical examinations of exposed personnel annually, including studies of liver and kidney function. /Protect/ those individuals with diseases of central nervous system, liver, kidney, and lung. /Phenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Burning pain in mouth and throat. White necrotic lesions in mouth, esophagus and stomach. Abdominal pain, vomiting ... and bloody diarrhea. Pallor, sweating, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus. Shock: Weak irregular pulse, hypotension, shallow respirations, cyanosis, pallor, and a profound fall in body temperature. Possibly fleeting excitement and confusion, followed by unconsciousness ... Stentorous breathing, mucous rales, rhonchi, frothing at nose and mouth and other signs of pulmonary edema are sometimes seen. Characteristic odor of phenol on the breath. Scanty, dark-colored ... urine ... moderately severe renal insufficiency may appear.Methemoglobinemia, Heinz body hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia have been reported ... Death from respiratory, circulatory or cardiac failure. If spilled on skin, pain is followed promptly by numbness. The skin becomes blanched, and a dry opaque eschar forms over the burn. When the eschar sloughs off, a brown stain remains. /Phenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Oral ingestion can result in mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal corrosion. Both oral ingestion and extensive application to the skin can cause systemic toxicity manifested by transient CNS stimulation followed by CNS and cardiovascular depression; death may result. /Phenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 14 mg/kg resulted in gastrointestinal effects, and ingestion of 140 mg/kg caused death.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe & fatal phenol poisonings have occurred after such superficial exposure as to suggest hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy. /Phenol/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sodium phenolate (3, 12.5, 25, or 50% solutions, 50 mL) applied to the skin of chickens destroyed surface lice, mites, & bugs within 24 hr. The 3 highest concentrations produced temporary hyperemia, hematologic shifts, & behavior changes in chickens, rabbits, & mice. Repeated (4-8 times) topical application produced prolonged (2-3 days) exfoliative dermatitis & hyperemia in rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Crystalline or concentrated aqueous phenol on rabbit eyes causes almost instantaneous white opacification of corneal epithelium. Hr after application cornea is anesthetized, surface ulcerated & stroma opaque. In 5 weeks there is entropion, scarring of conjunctiva & opacity of cornea. /Phenol/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Glaucoma has been induced experimentally in rabbits by injecting 5% phenol in almond oil subconjunctivally in all four quadrants. /Phenol/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ /Investigators/ injected rats /with phenol/ ip on days 8-10 or 11-15 /of gestation/ with up to 200 mg/kg. No adverse fetal effects were observed. /Phenol/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Those affected with hepatic or kidney diseases should not be exposed to phenol for any length of time, because even intermittent exposure to vapors ... may become dangerous, particularly when ... handled at elevated temp. /Phenol/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique quality of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine environments at 0.1-1.0 ppm. /Phenol/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of sodium phenolate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7152 workers (1339 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium phenolate in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to sodium phenolate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium phenolate is produced or used. Use of sodium phenolate as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics(2) and in antiseptics(3) indicate that the general population may be exposed to sodium phenolate via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products containing sodium phenolate(SRC).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique quality of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine environments at 0.1-1.0 ppm. /Phenol/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of sodium phenolate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7152 workers (1339 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium phenolate in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to sodium phenolate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium phenolate is produced or used. Use of sodium phenolate as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics(2) and in antiseptics(3) indicate that the general population may be exposed to sodium phenolate via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products containing sodium phenolate(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Phenol/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Corrosive