dicrotophos

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300+H330 (92.9%): Fatal if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (92.9%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (92.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Note: Dicrotophos is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Dicrotophos Exposure: Acute exposure to dicrotophos may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Hypotension (low blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Psychosis may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to dicrotophos may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to dicrotophos.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to dicrotophos.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of dicrotophos is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of dicrotophos may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and wash the skin with water. If symptoms occur after washing, get medical attention immediately.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Extinguish with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Evacuate personnel to a safe area upwind of the fire. Wear selfcontained breathing apparatus. Wear full protective equipment to prevent skin contact. Runoff from fire control may be a pollution hazard. Wash all equipment thoroughly with detergent and water before reuse. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus).

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Hydrolysis: Dicrotophos decomposed after 31 days @ 75 °C or 7 days @ 90 °C. Hydrolysis is 50% complete in aqueous soln @ 38 °C after 50 days @ pH 9.1 (100 days are required @ pH 1.1). Alkaline hydrolysis (sodium hydroxide) yields dimethylamine. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt, incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Open dumping is prohibited. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

Nonrefillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Triple rinse container (or equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two more times. Then dispose of in a sanitary landfill or by other approved State and local procedures. Offer for recycling, if available. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, mouth, clothing. Do not breathe vapors.

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... Aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. (EPA, 1998)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Do not ... store in or around home. Avoid food, feed products. Keep away from heat and open flame.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

Do not store in or around the home. Store in a secure, dry and temperate area. Store in original container. Keep away from heat and open flame. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: mg/m3)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: mg/m3)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: mg/m3)

0.53 mg/m3

1.6 mg/m3

0.37 mg/m3

1.1 mg/m3

0.29 mg/m3

0.88 mg/m3

0.073 mg/m3

0.22 mg/m3

0.037 mg/m3

0.11 mg/m3

NOTE THAT VALUES ARE IN mg/m3, NOT ppm.

AEGLs Status: Proposed

0.50 [mg/m3]

0.90 [mg/m3]

4.0 [mg/m3]

0.25 mg/m³

TWA 0.25 mg/m3 [skin]

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m (Inhalable fraction and vapor), skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cholinesterase activity in red blood cells; Sampling Time: discretionary; BEI: 70% of individual's baseline. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides/

0.05 mg/m

0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [1998]

Australia: 0.25 mg/cu m, skin (1990)

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory failure. Cholinesterase inhibition. Exposure far above the OEL could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide dicrotophos, dimethyl phosphate of 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-cis-crotonamide, in or on the following food commodities:[Table#3373]

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dicrotophos:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Dicrotophos appears as a yellow to brown liquid with a mild ester odor. Used to control sucking, boring, and chewing pests on rice, cotton, coffee, apples, and other crops. Effective on ornamentals, trees, and shrubs for aphids, leaf hoppers, and scale insects. (EPA, 1998)

Yellow-brown liquid with a mild, ester odor. [insecticide]; [NIOSH]

YELLOW-TO-BROWN LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Yellow-brown liquid with a mild, ester odor.

Yellow-brown liquid with a mild, ester odor. [insecticide]

Yellowish liquid

Amber liquid

Brown liquid

Liquid, commercial grade is brown

Mild, ester odor

752 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

400 °C at 760 mm Hg; 130 °C at 0.1 mm Hg

400 °C @760 [mm Hg]

Above 175F (EPA, 1998)

>200 °F (TCC)

>93 °C c.c.

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

Totally miscible with acetone, alcohols, acetonitrile, chloroform, dichlorormethane, xylene; very slightly soluble (<10 g/kg) in diesel oil, kerosene

Miscible with carbon tetracloride

MISCIBLE WITH HEXYLENE GLYCOL

MISCIBLE WITH ISOPROPYL OXITOL, PHENTOXONE, ETHYL, ISOPROPYL & DIACETONE ALCOHOLS

Miscible with water

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

1.216 at 59 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.216 g/cu cm at 15 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.216 (15 °C)

1.22 at 59 °F

1.216 @ 15°C

(59 °F): 1.22

1e-05 mmHg at 68 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.0001 [mmHg]

21.3 mPa (1.60X10-4 mm Hg) at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.013

0.0001 mmHg

0.000086 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow = 0.00

Henry's Law constant = 5.1X10-6 Pa cu m/mol (5.03X10-11 atm cu m/mol) at 25 °C

...The half-life of an aqueous solution at 38 °C and pH 9.1 is 50 days, and at pH 1.1 it is 100 days.

Formulations on common solid carriers are unstable.

Water soluble.

Amides and Imides

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Organophosphates, such as DICROTOPHOS, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. This compound is incompatible with the following: Metals [Note: Corrosive to cast iron, mild steel, brass & stainless steel.] (NIOSH, 2024).

Attacks some metals.

Metals. (Note: Corrosive to cast iron, mild steel, brass and stainless steel.)

Metals [Note: Corrosive to cast iron, mild steel, brass & stainless steel.]

Dicrotophos is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Reproductive

1 x 10 ^-4 mg/kg-day

Dicrotophos

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Suggestive Evidence of Carcinogenicity, but Not Sufficient to Assess Human Carcinogenic Potential

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Nausea. Dizziness. Vomiting. Laboured breathing. Sweating. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Unconsciousness. Convulsions.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Muscle twitching. Further see Inhalation.

Blurred vision.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

headache, nausea, dizziness, anxiety, restlessness, muscle twitching, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), tremor, incoordination, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea; salivation, sweating, lacrimation (discharge of tears), rhinitis; anorexia, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort)

Symptoms of low dose exposure include excessive salivation and eye-watering. Acute dose symptoms include severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, anxiety, headache, tremor and ataxia may also result.

central nervous system, blood cholinesterase

Chemical: DICROTOPHOS

Other Poison - Organophosphate

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

Oral RfD: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (Uncertainty Factor: 1000, Modifying Factor: 1)

Children

Females 13-49 yrs

Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides - 2021 Update

LD50 Mouse ip 11.2 mg/kg

LD50 Rat female dermal 42 mg/kg

LD50 Rat male dermal 43 mg/kg

LD50 Rat female oral 16 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Co-treatment of flies with the methylene-dioxyphenyl synergist sesamex ...markedly lowered the extent to which /bidrin/ metabolism occurred and decreased the amount of azodrin formed.

Airway protection. Ensure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. Depending on the severity of poisoning, doses of atropine ranging from very low to...high... . The objective of atropine antidotal therapy is to antagonize the effects of excessive concentrations of acetylcholine at end-organs having muscarinic receptors. Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. Favorable response to a test dose of atropine can help differentiate poisoning by anticholinesterase agents from other conditions. However, lack of response, with no evidence of atropinization (atropine refractoriness) is typical of more severe poisonings. The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules...of glycopyrolate were added to...saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. This may represent an alternative when there is a concern for respiratory infection due to excessive and difficult to control secretions, and in the presence of altered level of consciousness where the distinction between atropine toxicity or relapse of organophosphate poisoning is unclear. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administration pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Measurement of whole blood-AChE is the most widely adopted method for monitoring the effects of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Physiological variations in blood ChE levels occur in a healthy person and are seen among a population. It has been estimated that the coefficient of variation for AChE activity in samples from an individual is 8-11%, and that a decrease of 23% below pre-exposure level may, therefore, be considered significant. If the average of several pre-exposure values were available, then a decrease of 17% would be significant. It has been recommended that, if measured activity is reduced by 30% or more of the pre-exposure value, AChE measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals to confirm the results. Depressions of AChE or ChE in excess of 20-25% are considered diagnostic of exposure but not, necessarily, indicative of hazard. Depressions of 30-50% or more are considered indicators for removal of an exposed individual from further contact with pesticides until levels return to normal. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) 3 month old male; oral 4.24 mg/kg (95% confidence limit: 3.06-5.88 mg/kg) /Sample purity 98% alpha-isomer/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) age 36 hr; acute oral 6.17 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 3.33-11.4) /from table/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) age 7 days; acute oral 7.03 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 5.30-9.31) /from table/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) age 30 days; acute oral 6.73 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 5.53-8.19) /from table/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (56 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The responses of brain and plasma cholinesterase activities were examined in mallard ducks, bobwhite quail, barn owls, starlings, and common grackles given oral doses of dicrotophos an organophosphorus insecticide. Up to an 8-fold difference in response of brain cholinesterase activity to dicrotophos was found among these species. Brain cholinesterase activity recovered to within 2 SD of normal within 26 days after being depressed 55-64%. Recovery of brain cholinesterase activity was similar among species and followed the model Y = a + b (logl0 X).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ One mule deer buck that received 0.75 mg/kg/day (80%) orally for 30 days displayed only tremors and salivation. Another buck received 3.0 mg/kg/day (80%) orally for 7 days and died.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /in birds and ducks following acute oral administration/: goose-stepping ataxia, asthenia, miosis, salivation, lacrimation, tonic spasms, diarrhea, tachypnea, anorexia, prostration, tetany with wings outstretched, convulsions. As little as 1/10th of lethal dose produced signs. ...The calculated percutaneous LC50 for 1 yr old mallard drakes after 24 hr dermal foot exposure is 14.2 (95% confidence limit 4.56-43.8) mg/kg. Signs observed after percutaneous treatment included, in addition to several of the above /symptoms/, nasal exudate, mydriasis, ataxia, tremors, falling, using wings to aid pedestrian locomotion, and immobility. Mortalities occurred between 3 and 24 hr after initiation of treatment, and remission took up to 3 days after exposure ended.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Brain and plasma cholinesterase activities were determined for mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) exposed to dicrotophos and fenthion. Recovery rates of brain cholinesterase did not differ between ducklings administered a single oral dose vs a 2-wk dietary dose of these organophosphates. Exposure to the organophosphates followed by recovery of brain cholinesterase, did not significantly affect the degree of brain cholinesterase inhibition or the recovery of cholinesterase activity at a subsequent exposure. Recovery of brain cholinesterase activity followed the general model Y = a + b(logX) with rapid recovery to about 50% of normal followed by a slower rate of recovery until normal cholinesterase activity levels were attained. Fenthion and dicrotophos-inhibited brain cholinesterase were only slightly reactivated in vitro by pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide, which suggested that spontaneous reactivation was not a primary method of recovery of cholinesterase activity. Recovery of brain cholinesterase activity can be modeled for interpretation of sublethal inhibition of brain cholinesterase activities in wild birds following environmental applications of organophosphates. Plasma cholinesterase activity is inferior to brain cholinesterase activity for enviromnental monitoring, because of its rapid recovery and large degree of variation among individuals.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.90e+00

2.50e+01

6.00e-01

5.00e+00

1.40e-04

Volatile

5.70e+00

7.40e+01

1.80e+00

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to birds. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Dicrotophos' production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide and acaricide will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dicrotophos will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase dicrotophos will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 7.4 and 24 hours, respectively. Particulate-phase dicrotophos will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Dicrotophos contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, dicrotophos is expected to have very high to moderate mobility based upon Koc values of 16-188. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.03X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. Dicrotophos has been classified as a non-persistent pesticide with an estimated soil half-life of less than 0.5 months. Soil surface and aqueous photolysis studies showed that the degradation of dicrotophos was not induced by light exposure. If released into water, dicrotophos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Dicrotophos' decomposition in aqueous environments is primarily by hydrolysis. Half-lives for the hydrolysis of dicrotophos were 117, 72, and 28 days at pH 5, 7, and 9 at 25 °C, respectively. Occupational exposure to dicrotophos may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dicrotophos is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dicrotophos via ingestion of food. (SRC)

Dicrotophos' production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide and acaricide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 16-188(2), indicate that dicrotophos is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dicrotophos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.03X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(2). Dicrotophos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). Photolysis on soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(3). In a laboratory persistence study using 14-C labeled dicrotophos in sandy loam soil, half-lives of 3 and 7 days were observed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(3). Dicrotophos has been classified as a non-persistent pesticide with an estimated soil half-life of less than 0.5 month(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 16-188(2), indicate that dicrotophos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.03X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.00(5) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dicrotophos' decomposition in aqueous environments is primarily by hydrolysis(7). Half-lives for the hydrolysis of dicrotophos were 117, 72, and 28 days at pH 5, 7, and 9 at 25 °C, respectively(7). Aqueous photolysis studies showed the degradation rate was not affected by exposure of an aqueous solution of dicrotophos (pH 7) to UV light(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dicrotophos, which has a vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dicrotophos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase dicrotophos is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase dicrotophos may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Dicrotophos contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: In a laboratory persistence study using 14-C labeled dicrotophos in sandy loam soil, half-lives of 3 and 7 days were observed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(1). Dicrotophos has been classified as a non-persistent pesticide with an estimated soil half-life of <0.5 month(2). (14)C-Dicrotophos was found to degrade rapidly in moist sandy loam soil (50% field capacity) with 18.5% being recovered after 7-8 days(3). Ripperdan sandy loam soil was treated with 10 ppm (14)C-methoxy-labeled dicrotophos; 5.5% (14)C-dicrotophos was recovered after 7-8 days compared to 59.7% recovered from autoclaved soil(3). Addition of a bactericide, two fungicides, and an enzyme inhibitor at concentrations of 500 ppm were found to increase percent recovery to 54.6, 54.0, 49.7, and 75.2%, respectively(3). Dicrotophos applied as granules to field soils had an initial half-life of a few days(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dicrotophos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dicrotophos with ozone has been estimated as 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). Dicrotophos contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Half-lives for the hydrolysis of dicrotophos were 117, 72, and 28 days at pH 5, 7, and 9 at 25 °C, respectively(4). Aqueous and soil surface photolysis studies showed that the degradation of dicrotophos was not induced by light exposure(4).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for dicrotophos(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.00(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Dicrotophos was found to have intermediate soil mobility as determined by soil thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and adsorption-desorption studies(1). Freundlich absorption constants for Georgia sandy soil, Handford sandy loam, Catlin silty loam, and Sharkey clay loam were 0.07, 0.40, 0.92, and 3.58, respectively(1). These correspond to Koc values of 16, 53, 43, and 188, respectively(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that dicrotophos is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil. A mean Kd of 1.01 in six soils was also reported(4).

The Henry's Law constant for dicrotophos is 5.03X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dicrotophos is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Dicrotophos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4(1).

GROUNDWATER: Dicrotophos was not detected in 14 wells sampled in California between 1984 and 1987 as part of EPA's Groundwater Survey(1).

SOIL: In the Bangkok area of Thailand, dicrotophos was detected in the soil of Chinese kale fields at 2670 ug/kg one day after application(1).

Dicrotophos is one of many pesticides that has been detected in American foods by the US Food and Drug Admin's regulatory monitoring of domestic foods for fiscal years 1983-1986(1) and 1978-1982(2); frequencies of occurrence and concentrations were not reported(1,2). In a US monitoring survey of 6970 produce samples (fruits and vegetables) collected between 1989 and 1991, dicrotophos was not detected (detection limit of 0.25 ppm) in any samples(3). Dicrotophos was not detected in foods in the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program 1995-1996(4). Detection limits for fruits and vegetables, meat and dairy, eggs, and fish were 0.05 mg/kg, 3-7 ug/kg, 1-6 ug/kg, and 1-4 ug/kg, respectively(4). Dicrotophos was detected in one sample of seven composite fresh milk samples collected randomly from Monofia and Kalubia provinces in Egypt over a three month period(5).

Dicrotophos levels ranging from <1.0 ppm (detection limit) to 14 ppm were detected in 5 red-winged blackbirds collected in Mar 1982 in Matagorda County, TX(1); the dicrotophos in the birds was thought to occur as a result as recent application to rice fields(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: Dicrotophos was detected in one sample of seven composite fresh milk samples collected randomly from Monofia and Kalubia provinces in Egypt over a three month period(1).

Four lactating cows ... consumed ... 0.25 mg/kg Bidrin for 28 days... Milk was free of Bidrin and Azodrin, a metabolite of Bidrin...

Goats treated orally with bidrin or azodrin excreted in urine a high proportion of administered (32)P or N-methyl-(14)C labels. Trace amount of Bidrin, Azodrin, the N-hydroxymethylamide analog of Azodrin and the unsubstituted amide were present in the urine. Labeled compound appeared in goat milk after treatment with either (32)P- or (14)C-labeled Bidrin or Azodrin. No N,N-dimethylacetoacetamide, N-methyl-acetoacetamide, or 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbutyramide was present in milk and nature of (14)C materials remained unknown.

Occupational exposure to dicrotophos may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dicrotophos is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dicrotophos via ingestion of food. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Hydrolysis: Dicrotophos decomposed after 31 days @ 75 °C or 7 days @ 90 °C. Hydrolysis is 50% complete in aqueous soln @ 38 °C after 50 days @ pH 9.1 (100 days are required @ pH 1.1). Alkaline hydrolysis (sodium hydroxide) yields dimethylamine. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt, incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Open dumping is prohibited. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

Nonrefillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Triple rinse container (or equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two more times. Then dispose of in a sanitary landfill or by other approved State and local procedures. Offer for recycling, if available. /Bidrin 8 Water Miscible Insecticide/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C or more

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for DICROTOPHOS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Marine Pollutant

Poison Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 24-28-50/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II