1,3-diethylbenzene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1063) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H304 (93.3%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (99.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (99.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (99.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H411 (93.5%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1063 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1063 reports by companies.

There are 8 notifications provided by 1062 of 1063 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

TO FIGHT FIRE, USE CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL. /DIETHYL BENZENE/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Diethyl benzene/

METHODS TO REDUCE HYDROCARBONS FROM EFFLUENTS ARE DESCRIBED. MIXT OF DIETHYLBENZENE ISOMERS WAS ONE OF WATER POLLUTANTS. /DIETHYLBENZENE ISOMERS/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. /Diethyl benzene/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Diethyl benzene/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Diethyl benzene/

Colorless liquid; [CHEMINFO]

181.1 °C

-83.9 °C

Miscible in ethanol, ethyl ether and acetone

Soluble in alcohol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ether; insoluble in water. /Diethylbenzene/

In water, 24.0 mg/l @ 25 °C

0.8602 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.13 [mmHg]

1.20 mm Hg @ 25 °C

log Kow= 4.44

806 °F (430 °C). /DIETHYLBENZENE/

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

1.24X10-2 Pa.s @ 189.26 K

5.56X10+7 J/kmol @ 189.26 K

4.1X10-2 N/m @ 189.26 K

Index of refraction: 1.4955 @ 20 °C/D

Colorless liquid; wt/gal 7.22 lb /Diethylbenzene/

CAN REACT WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS; VAPOR PRESSURE: 1 MM HG AT 20.7 °C /ISOMERIC MIXT/

Relative volatility of diethylbenzenes is very high

Boiling point

Dielectric constant

Heat of sublimation

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Surface tension

Thermal expansion coefficient

Vapor pressure

Solvents -> Aromatic Solvents

... Can react with oxidizing materials. /Diethyl benzene/

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatics hydrocarbons and related compounds/

MEN EXPOSED TO 1000 PPM ... EXPERIENCED EYE IRRITATION WHICH RAPIDLY DIMINISHED IN INTENSITY ON CONTINUED EXPOSURE. A CONCN OF 2000 PPM CAUSED IMMEDIATE, SEVERE EYE IRRITATION, LACRIMATION, AND IRRITATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE. ... 5000 PPM ... CAUSES INTOLERABLE IRRITATION OF ... EYES ... NOSE. /ETHYLBENZENE/

Moderately toxic by ingestion.

DIETHYL BENZENE TESTED BY DROP ON A RABBIT EYE CAUSED TRANSIENT SYMPTOMS OF IRRITATION, BUT NO INJURY WAS DETECTABLE BY FLUORESCEIN STAINING. /DIETHYL BENZENE/

CHRONIC TOXICITY. ... EXPOSED RATS, RABBITS, GUINEA PIGS, AND MONKEYS TO CONCN OF ... 400 PPM TO 2200 PPM, 7 TO 8 HR/DAY, 5 DAYS A WK FOR AS LONG AS 6 MONTHS. THE GUINEA PIGS, RABBITS, AND MONKEYS ... NOT AFFECTED ... A SLIGHT INCREASE IN AVG WT OF KIDNEYS AND LIVERS ... IN ... RATS EXPOSED TO 400 PPM FOR 186 DAYS. /ETHYLBENZENE/

WHEN ADMIN TO RATS ORALLY AT 0.1 LD50, DIETHYLBENZENE, MIXT OF ISOMERS, CAUSED SLIGHT HEMORRHAGE, DYSTROPHIC & DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN LIVER, GASTRIC MUCOSA, DUODENUM, SPLEEN & KIDNEYS. DECR OF PROTEIN & GLYCOGEN IN LIVER WERE OBSERVED. /ISOMER MIXT/

DIETHYLBENZENE, 2.5 MG/KG IN RABBITS DECR SIGNIFICANTLY WT OF ADRENAL GLANDS & SUMMATION OF SUBTHRESHOLD IMPULSES.

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 4.15 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 4.05 - 4.25 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 23.5 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 42.2 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.28.

1,3-Diethylbenzene's production and use as an intermediate in reactions, its presence in gasoline, kerosine, and No. 2 fuel oil, its presence as a product of combustion engines, its presence in wastewater effluents from oil refineries, paint and ink industries, textile mills, automobile and other laundries, and plastics and organic chemicals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-diethylbenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-diethylbenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day. 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum, and thus has the potential for direct photolysis. If released to soil, 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1600. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m m/mole. 1,3-Diethylbenzene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.3 hr and 5 days, respectively. Groundwater and marine water grab sample tests suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene will biodegrade completely in groundwater in 5 days and to a lesser extent in marine water, rate not specified. An estimated BCF of 520 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to 1,3-diethylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-diethylbenzene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,3-diethylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1,3-diethylbenzene, such as gasoline. (SRC)

1,3-Diethylbenzene's production and use as an intermediate in reactions(2), its presence in gasoline at 0.09 WT%(1), its presence in kerosine, and No. 2 fuel oil(3), its presence as a product of combustion engines(4), its presence in wastewater effluents from oil refineries(5) and paint and ink industries, textile mills, automobile and other laundries, and plastics and organic chemicals(6) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(3) estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(6). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(4) estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(8), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(9). Using this estimated Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.3 hr and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 520(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.44(6), and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Groundwater and marine water grab sample tests suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene will biodegrade completely in groundwater in 5 days(10) and to a lesser extent in marine water, rate not specified(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-diethylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor. Vapor-phase 1,3-diethylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 14.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C determined using a structure estimation method(3). 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs UV light at wavelengths of >290 nm(4) and thus has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment.

1,3-Diethylbenzene at a concn of 0.5 ppm C was completely removed within 5 days from a gas oil mixture added to acclimated fresh-wellwater grab samples from Tuffenwies and Zurich, Switzerland, with a pH of 8.0, at 10 and 25 °C and microbial populations of 300-400 cells/ml(1). A gas oil sample with an overall concn of 0.5 ppm contained 1,3-diethylbenzene, which degraded at a moderate rate in North Sea coastal water maintained at 20 °C for 14 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-diethylbenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 14.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs UV light at wavelengths of >290 nm(3) and thus has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment.

An estimated BCF of 520 was calculated for 1,3-diethylbenzene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.44(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,3-diethylbenzene can be estimated to be 1600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-diethylbenzene is estimated as 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(2). This estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this estimated Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.3 hr(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,3-Diethylbenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange County, CA and Dallas, Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa, IA and Seattle(1). In February 1980, 1,3-diethylbenzene was detected in drinking water from Cincinnati, OH at a concn of 14 ng/l(2).

Exhaust emissions tests from a 1990 gasoline and a reformulated gasoline showed 0.37 and 0.29% of total hydrocarbons as 1,3-diethylbenzene, respectively(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene represented 0.13% and 0.99% of the total emission components from light duty vehicle emissions collected in August and October of 1994, respectively, from the Caldecott Tunnel in California(2). Off-gas concns from the Skyway Waste treatment and Highland Creek plant in Ontario, Canada were consisted of 30 and 368 ug/cu m 1,3-diethylbenzene, respectively(3). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was contained in the Dissolved Air Flotation treatment effluent of a Class B oil refinery at a concn of 13 ng/g(4). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was found at unquantified amounts in the effluent sample of a water treatment plant(9). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected at a concn of 2.0 ug/cu m in a plume at a distance of 1 mile from its source, a General Motors facility located in Janesville, WI(5). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in 5 of 21 industrial categories of wastewater effluents(6). Extract from the wastewater of paint and ink industry contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 15 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of a textile mill contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 238 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of automatic and other laundries contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 149 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of plastic manufacturing contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 46 mg/l; and the extract from wastewater of organic chemicals manufacturing contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 24 mg/l(5). Motorboats emitted 1,3-diethylbenzene to canal water with resultant concn ranging from 8 to 60 ng/l with an average of 41 ng/l for 8 samples(7). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected, but not quantified, as an introduced volatile organic compound in the water of a test stand basin after a four-stroke outboard motor filled with unleaded gasoline was left in operation for 10 minutes(8).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The median urban atmospheric concn of 1,3-diethylbenzene was found to be 0.051 ppbV for 379 samples and the median suburban atmospheric concn of 1,3-diethylbenzene was 0.067 ppbV for 165 samples(2). The 1,3-diethylbenzene concn ranged from 0 to 3 ppbV at a downtown Los Angeles location where it was detected in 16 of 17 samples in the fall of 1981(3). Diethylbenzenes were detected in 4 of 4 outdoor air samples and 8 of 12 indoor air samples from 10 public access buildings (offices, schools, elderly homes and a hospital)(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in 2 of 21 air samples from Houston, TX at concns of 97 to 108 ppm(4). Between April and August 1975, ambient air at Delft, Netherlands contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 0.8 ppb with a maximum concn of 3.0 ppb(5). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was qualitatively detected in the suburban air of Tubingen, Germany(6).

RURAL/REMOTE: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was qualitatively detected in ambient air of the Black Forest in Germany(1). Rural air in Sweden contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at a concn of < 0.01 ug/cu m(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in the air at Gatwick Airport, UK in 1979 where airplane engines were found to be the source of the emission(1). Air at a distance of 1 km from Volvo and Saab automobile manufacturing plants in SW Sweden contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 0.9 and 3.0 ug/cu m compared to regional air which contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of <0.01 ug/cu m(2). Air samples tested from the Caldecott Tunnel in San Francisco, CA was found to contain 1,3-diethylbenzene ranging between 13.03-30.48 ppbC with a mean of 20.15 ppbC(3).

Detected unquantified amounts of 1,3-diethylbenzene in crab meat and boiled shrimp(1).

A 10 g tissue sample of carp from Las Vegas, NV contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at a concn of 40 ppb(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,3-diethylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-diethylbenzene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,3-diethylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air and via dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1,3-diethylbenzene, such as gasoline. (SRC)

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 4.15 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 4.05 - 4.25 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 23.5 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 42.2 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.28.

1,3-Diethylbenzene's production and use as an intermediate in reactions, its presence in gasoline, kerosine, and No. 2 fuel oil, its presence as a product of combustion engines, its presence in wastewater effluents from oil refineries, paint and ink industries, textile mills, automobile and other laundries, and plastics and organic chemicals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-diethylbenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-diethylbenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day. 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum, and thus has the potential for direct photolysis. If released to soil, 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1600. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m m/mole. 1,3-Diethylbenzene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.3 hr and 5 days, respectively. Groundwater and marine water grab sample tests suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene will biodegrade completely in groundwater in 5 days and to a lesser extent in marine water, rate not specified. An estimated BCF of 520 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to 1,3-diethylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-diethylbenzene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,3-diethylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1,3-diethylbenzene, such as gasoline. (SRC)

1,3-Diethylbenzene's production and use as an intermediate in reactions(2), its presence in gasoline at 0.09 WT%(1), its presence in kerosine, and No. 2 fuel oil(3), its presence as a product of combustion engines(4), its presence in wastewater effluents from oil refineries(5) and paint and ink industries, textile mills, automobile and other laundries, and plastics and organic chemicals(6) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(3) estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(6). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(4) estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(8), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(9). Using this estimated Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.3 hr and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 520(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.44(6), and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Groundwater and marine water grab sample tests suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene will biodegrade completely in groundwater in 5 days(10) and to a lesser extent in marine water, rate not specified(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-diethylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor. Vapor-phase 1,3-diethylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 14.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C determined using a structure estimation method(3). 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs UV light at wavelengths of >290 nm(4) and thus has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment.

1,3-Diethylbenzene at a concn of 0.5 ppm C was completely removed within 5 days from a gas oil mixture added to acclimated fresh-wellwater grab samples from Tuffenwies and Zurich, Switzerland, with a pH of 8.0, at 10 and 25 °C and microbial populations of 300-400 cells/ml(1). A gas oil sample with an overall concn of 0.5 ppm contained 1,3-diethylbenzene, which degraded at a moderate rate in North Sea coastal water maintained at 20 °C for 14 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-diethylbenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 14.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs UV light at wavelengths of >290 nm(3) and thus has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment.

An estimated BCF of 520 was calculated for 1,3-diethylbenzene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.44(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,3-diethylbenzene can be estimated to be 1600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-diethylbenzene is estimated as 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(2). This estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this estimated Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.3 hr(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,3-Diethylbenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange County, CA and Dallas, Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa, IA and Seattle(1). In February 1980, 1,3-diethylbenzene was detected in drinking water from Cincinnati, OH at a concn of 14 ng/l(2).

Exhaust emissions tests from a 1990 gasoline and a reformulated gasoline showed 0.37 and 0.29% of total hydrocarbons as 1,3-diethylbenzene, respectively(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene represented 0.13% and 0.99% of the total emission components from light duty vehicle emissions collected in August and October of 1994, respectively, from the Caldecott Tunnel in California(2). Off-gas concns from the Skyway Waste treatment and Highland Creek plant in Ontario, Canada were consisted of 30 and 368 ug/cu m 1,3-diethylbenzene, respectively(3). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was contained in the Dissolved Air Flotation treatment effluent of a Class B oil refinery at a concn of 13 ng/g(4). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was found at unquantified amounts in the effluent sample of a water treatment plant(9). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected at a concn of 2.0 ug/cu m in a plume at a distance of 1 mile from its source, a General Motors facility located in Janesville, WI(5). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in 5 of 21 industrial categories of wastewater effluents(6). Extract from the wastewater of paint and ink industry contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 15 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of a textile mill contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 238 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of automatic and other laundries contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 149 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of plastic manufacturing contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 46 mg/l; and the extract from wastewater of organic chemicals manufacturing contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 24 mg/l(5). Motorboats emitted 1,3-diethylbenzene to canal water with resultant concn ranging from 8 to 60 ng/l with an average of 41 ng/l for 8 samples(7). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected, but not quantified, as an introduced volatile organic compound in the water of a test stand basin after a four-stroke outboard motor filled with unleaded gasoline was left in operation for 10 minutes(8).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The median urban atmospheric concn of 1,3-diethylbenzene was found to be 0.051 ppbV for 379 samples and the median suburban atmospheric concn of 1,3-diethylbenzene was 0.067 ppbV for 165 samples(2). The 1,3-diethylbenzene concn ranged from 0 to 3 ppbV at a downtown Los Angeles location where it was detected in 16 of 17 samples in the fall of 1981(3). Diethylbenzenes were detected in 4 of 4 outdoor air samples and 8 of 12 indoor air samples from 10 public access buildings (offices, schools, elderly homes and a hospital)(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in 2 of 21 air samples from Houston, TX at concns of 97 to 108 ppm(4). Between April and August 1975, ambient air at Delft, Netherlands contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 0.8 ppb with a maximum concn of 3.0 ppb(5). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was qualitatively detected in the suburban air of Tubingen, Germany(6).

RURAL/REMOTE: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was qualitatively detected in ambient air of the Black Forest in Germany(1). Rural air in Sweden contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at a concn of < 0.01 ug/cu m(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in the air at Gatwick Airport, UK in 1979 where airplane engines were found to be the source of the emission(1). Air at a distance of 1 km from Volvo and Saab automobile manufacturing plants in SW Sweden contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 0.9 and 3.0 ug/cu m compared to regional air which contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of <0.01 ug/cu m(2). Air samples tested from the Caldecott Tunnel in San Francisco, CA was found to contain 1,3-diethylbenzene ranging between 13.03-30.48 ppbC with a mean of 20.15 ppbC(3).

Detected unquantified amounts of 1,3-diethylbenzene in crab meat and boiled shrimp(1).

A 10 g tissue sample of carp from Las Vegas, NV contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at a concn of 40 ppb(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,3-diethylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-diethylbenzene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,3-diethylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air and via dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing 1,3-diethylbenzene, such as gasoline. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Diethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Diethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Diethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Diethylbenzene/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2049; Diethylbenzene

IMO 3.3; Diethylbenzenes (ortho-; meta-; para-)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.