1,3-dichloropropane

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.7% (1 of 141) of reports.

H225 (20.6%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H226 (79.4%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H317 (73.8%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (77.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H412 (85.8%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 141 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 141 reports by companies.

There are 12 notifications provided by 140 of 141 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

Call a doctor.

INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration.

EYES: Flush with running water for 15 minutes.

SKIN: Wash thoroughly with soap and water.

INGESTION: Gastric lavage or emesis and catharsis. (USCG, 1999)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Flash back along vapor trail may occur.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs, oxidants, acids, bases and alumina. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

25 [mg/m3]

270 [mg/m3]

1600 [mg/m3]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, coveralls or laboratory coat. (USCG, 1999)

Breakthrough times for dichloropropane on chlorinated polyethylene are less (usually significantly) than one hour as reported by two or more testers. /Dichloropropane/

Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective coveralls, or laboratory coat.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 16 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1,3-dichloropropane is a colorless watery liquid with a sweet odor. Sinks in water. Produces irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless liquid with a sweet odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

248.7 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

120.4 °C @ 760 mm Hg

120.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-147.1 °F (USCG, 1999)

-99.5 °C

70 °F (est.) (USCG, 1999)

16 °C o.c.

Sol in benzene, chloroform, alcohol, ether

In water, 2.75X10+3 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.3

1.1878 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1876 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.19

1.1876 @25 °C

3.90 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.9

18.2 [mmHg]

18.2 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.4

18.2 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 2.00

Henry's Law constant = 9.76X10-4 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/ and phosgene.

-3709 cal/g

At boiling point 71.71 cal/g

33.93 dynes/cm at 20 °C

Index of refraction: 1.4487 @ 20 °C/D

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 7.80X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Dielectric constant

Excess enthalpy

Fusion temperature

Heat of solution

Heat of sublimation

Highly flammable.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

1,3-Dichloropropane

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Pesticide/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC))

Based on PPRTV

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Dizziness.

Redness. Pain.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

2 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

2 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

1. FLUSH contaminating fumigants from the skin and eyse with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Some fumigants are corrosive to the cornea and may cause BLINDNESS. Specialized medical treatment should be obtained promptly following removal of toxicant by copious flushing with clean water. Skin contamination may cause BLISTERING and deep chemical burns. Absorption of some fumigants across the skin may be sufficient to cause systemic poisoning in the absence of fumigant inhalation. For all these reasons, decontamination of eyes and skin must must be IMMEDIATE and THROUGH. 2. REMOVE victims of fumigant inhalation to FRESH AIR immediately. Even though initial symptoms and signs are mild, keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum pohysical activity limits the likehood ofpulmonary edema. 3. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and RESUSCITATE with positive poressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. If victim is pulseless, employ cardiac resuscitation. 4. If PULMONARY EDEMA is evident, there are several measures avilable to sustain life. Medical judgement must be relied upon, however, in the management of each case. The following procedures are generally recommended: A. Put the victim in a SITTING position with a backrest. B. Use intermittent and/or continuous positive pressure OXYGEN to relieve hypoxemia. ... C. Slowly administer FUROSEMIDE, 40 mg, or SODIUM ETHACRYNATE, 50 mg, to reduce venous load by inducing diuresis. ... D. Morphine in small doses (5-10 mg), slowly, iv to allay anxiety and promote deeper respiratory excursions. E. Administer AMINOPHYLLINE (0.25-0.50 gm) slowly, iv. ... F. Digitalization may be considered, but there is a serious risk of arrhythmias in an anoxic and toxic myocardium. G. TRACHEOSTOMY may be necessary in some cases to facilitate aspiration of large amounts of pulmonary edema fluid. H. Epinephrine, atorpine, and expectorants are generally not helpful, and may complicate treatment. I. Watch for RECURRENT PULMONARY EDEMA, even up to 2 weeks after the initial episode. Limit victim's physical activity for at least 4 weeks. Severe physical weakness usually indicates persistent pulmonary injury. Serial pulmonary function testing may be useful in assessing recovery. 5. Combat SHOCK by placing victim in the Trendelenburg position and administering plasma, whole blood, and/or electrolyte and glucose solutions intravenously, with great care, to avoid pulmonary edema. Central venous pressure should be monitored continously. Vasopressor amines must be given with great caution, because of the irritability of the myocardium. 6. Control CONVULSIONS. Seizures are most likely to occur in poisonings by methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, phosphine, and carbon disulfide. ... /Fumigant poisoning/

7. If a FUMIGANT LIQUID OR SOLID has been INGESTED less than several hours prior to treatment, quantities remaining in the stomach must be removed as effectively as possible by gastric intubation, aspiration, and lavage, after all possible precautions have been taken to protect the respiratory tract from aspirated gasric contents. A. Put in place a cuffed ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE prior to gastric intubation. Administer OXYGEN, using a mechanical ventilator if respiration is depressed. B. Lavage the stomach with a slurry of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL in saline or water. Leave a volume of the slurry in the stomach with an appropriate dose of sorbitol as cathartic ... . C. If treatment is delayed and if the patient remains fully alert, adminsiter activated charcoal and sorbitol orally. ... Repeated administration of charcoal at half or more the initial dosage every 2-4 hours may be beneficial. D. Do not given vegetable or animal fats or oils, which enhance gastrointestinal absorption of many of the fumigant compounds. 8. Intravenous infusions of GLUCOSE are valuable in limiting the heptotoxicity of many substances. Monitor central venous presure to avoid precipitating, or aggravating, pulmonary edema by fluid overlaod. The victim should be watched closely for indications of delayed or recurrent pulmonary edema, and for bronchophenumonia. Fluid balance should be monitored, and urine sediment should be checked regularly for indications of tubular injury. Measure serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, AST, and bilirubin to assess liver injury. 9. HEMOPERFUSION OVER ACTIVATED CHARCOAL has been used in managing a case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with apparent success. ... 10. EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS may be needed to regulate extracellular fluid composition if renal failure supervenes. It is probably not very effective in removing lipophilic fumigant compounds from blood, but is, of course, effective in controlling extracellular fluid composition if renal failure occurs. /Fumigant poisoning/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/

Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

Evaluate the skin, liver, and renal function on a periodic basis, as well as cardiac and respiratory status & general health.

Vapors cause a slight smarting of eyes & resp system if present in high concn. The effect is temporary. ... If spilled on clothing & allowed to remain, may cause smarting & reddening of skin. ... Alters pancreatic function /as late effect/.

Symptomatology: 1A) Inhalation, high vapor concn: gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain, & extreme respiratory distress at vapor concn over 1500 ppm. Irritation of eyes & upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Lacrimation & headache are prominent. Coma may occur rapidly. B) Inhalation, low vapor concn: central nervous depression & moderate irritation of respiratory system. Headache is frequent. 2) Dermal: severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis & underlying tissues. 3) Oral: acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion & edema. Central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. 4) By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys & heart. 5) After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest & abdominal discomfort & irritability have been reported to persist for several weeks & perhaps for several years.

RATED 2 ON RABBIT EYES /AFTER TESTING/ EXTERNALLY ... & RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY ... AFTER 24 HR /OBSERVATION/, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10. /1,1-DICHLOROPROPANE/

1,3-Dichloropropane was tested for direct mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1530, TA1535, and TA100 using spot-test procedures. ... There was strong correlation between chemical properties and mutagenic activity.

The role of the chlorinated alkane solvent effect on the inhibition of hepatic triglyceride secretion was investigated using male Swiss Webster mice and male Sprague Dawley rats. Triglycerides were measured in serum of treated animals or in supernatants of isolated hepatocytes exposed to solvents and tritiated glycerol. Two hours following carbon tetrachloride injection, triglyceride levels were reduced significantly to 42% o control values and to 15% by 8 hr. Methylene chloride caused a more rapid decline in serum triglyceride concn. Significant dose related decreases in serum triglyceride levels at 2 hr followed the administration of 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and 1,5-dichloropentane. The shorter chain, less lipid soluble solvents were the more potent at decreasing triglyceride secretion in vivo. In freshly prepared isolated hepatocyte systems, the relationship between 50% inhibitory concn and lipid solubility was opposite to that observed in vivo. The more lipid soluble solvents were the more potent at decreasing secretion in vitro. The authors suggest from this finding that nonspecific solvent effects on membrane integrity may be important in the inhibition of triglyceride secretion. The chlorinated alkane induced development of fatty liver through inhibition of triglyceride secretion may be related to lipid solubility of the chemical rather than to its metabolism to free radicals.

Toxicity of 1,3-dichloropropane (DCP) with respect to testicular changes was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats (10/treated group, 20 in arachis oil vehicle control group) exposed orally to DCP by gavage at dosage levels of 0, 100 or 400 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sent for pathological examination. No significant differences between treated and control animals were observed in the following: maternal mortality, clinical observations, body weights and weight gain, testes weights, morphology, or detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of the kidneys, testes, epididymides, ductuli efferentes, and vasa deferentes.

The mutagenicity of 1,3-dichloropropane was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 (Ames Test), Escherichia coli test strains WP2 and WP2 uvrA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JD1, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Bacterial cultures were tested at concentrations up to 4000ug/plate using the plate incorporation technique. 1,3-Dichloropropane was tested at concentrations up to 5.0mg/ml in liquid suspension cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1,3-Dichloropropane produced a dose-related increase in the reversion frequency in Salmonella tester strain TA1535 at concentrations at or above 500ug/plate in the presence of metabolic activation. 1,3-Dichloropropane did not cause a positive response in any of the remaining tester strains with or without metabolic activation.

The ability of 1,3-dichloropropane (DCP) to cause chromosome aberrations in cultures of rat liver (RL4) cells was evaluated in the absence of added metabolic activation. Monolayer slide cultures of RL4 cells were exposed to 0, 125, 250 or 500 ug/ml for 24 hrs and 100 cells/culture (200-300 cells/dose level) were scored for chromosome aberrations. None of the cultures produced frequencies of chromosome aberrations statistically greater than those produced by the controls (DMSO vehicle).

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 84 ppm/7 days

LC50 Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow) 86,700 ug/l 96 hr

EC50 Selenastrum capricornutum 72,200 ug/l/96 hr Toxic Effect: Cell numbers

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 282,000 ug/l 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.60e+03

2.30e+04

3.70e+02

5.00e+00

1.30e-01

2.00e-02

Volatile

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 84 ppm/7 days

LC50 Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow) 86,700 ug/l 96 hr

EC50 Selenastrum capricornutum 72,200 ug/l/96 hr Toxic Effect: Cell numbers

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 282,000 ug/l 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.60e+03

2.30e+04

3.70e+02

5.00e+00

1.30e-01

2.00e-02

Volatile

1.49e+03

4.70e+03

7.00e+04

1.10e+03

There is no evidence that 1,3-dichloropropane is manufactured or used commercially in the United States, although it may be produced as a result of the photochlorination of isopropyl ether. 1,3-Dichloropropane may also have been a low level impurity in 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropene production. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 18.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-dichloropropane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dichloropropane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 days. If released to soil, 1,3-dichloropropane is expected to have moderate mobility based upon a an estimated Koc of 290. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.76X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3-Dichloropropane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. The hydrolysis half-life of 1,3-dichloropropane is 2.3 years, indicating that hydrolysis will occur slowly in moist soil and water. Using a standard dilution method and a sewage seed inoculum, 1,3-dichloropropane achieved 16% of its theoretical BOD during a 5 day incubation period, suggesting biodegradation may occur in soil and water. If released into water, 1,3-dichloropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4.5, days respectively. An estimated BCF of 7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Since this compound is apparently not produced or used in the United States, general population exposure and occupational exposure is expected to be very low or non-existent. (SRC)

There is no evidence that 1,3-dichloropropane is manufactured or used commercially in the United States(SRC), although it may be produced as a result of the photochlorination of isopropyl ether(1). 1,3-Dichloropropane may also have been a low level impurity in 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropene production(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 290(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.0(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dichloropropane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dichloropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.76X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-dichloropropane from dry soil surfaces may exist (SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 18.2 mm Hg(5). Using a standard dilution method and a sewage seed inoculum, 1,3-dichloropropane achieved 16% of the theoretical BOD during a 5 day incubation period(6), suggesting biodegradation may occur in soil(SRC). The hydrolysis half-life of 1,3-dichloropropane is 2.3 years at pH 7 and 25 °C(7), suggesting hydrolysis will occur slowly in moist soils(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 290(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.0(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dichloropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.76X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC) from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The hydrolysis half-life of 1,3-dichloropropane is 2.3 years at pH 7 and 25 °C(7). Using a standard dilution method and a sewage seed inoculum, 1,3-dichloropropane achieved 16% of the theoretical BOD during a 5 day incubation period(8), suggesting biodegradation may occur in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dichloropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 18.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dichloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Using a standard dilution method and a sewage seed inoculum, 1,3-dichloropropane achieved 16% of the theoretical BOD during a 5 day incubation period(1), suggesting biodegradation will occur under aerobic conditions(SRC).

The hydrolysis rate constant of 1,3-dichloropropane was measured in dilute aqueous solutions within the temperature ranges of 101 to 190 °C (neutral range) and 85 to 132 °C (basic range), and at pH values of 3 to 13. The environmental half life of 1,3-dichloropropane (at 25 °C, pH 7) is 2.2 yr.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-dichloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 7.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 21 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The hydrolysis half life of 1,3-dichloropropane (at 25 °C, pH 7) is 2.3 years(2).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated for 1,3-dichloropropane(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.0(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of 1,3-dichloropropane is estimated as 290(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.0(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dichloropropane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-dichloropropane is 9.76X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC)(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-dichloropropane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.5 days(SRC). 1,3-Dichloropropane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-dichloropropane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 18.2 mm Hg(3). The volatilization half-lives of 1,3-dichloropropane in laboratory beakers stirred at 250 rpm and 25 °C from freshwater and seawater were 69 and 81 minutes, respectively(4).

GROUNDWATER: 1,3-Dichloropropane was detected in 5 of 42 wells from Canada (1992-1994) at concns of 0.15-0.76 ug/l(1).

1,3-Dichloropropane was detected at levels of 18, 0.038, 0.008 and 0.012 ppm in leachate from four monitoring wells located at an abandoned organic chemical manufacturing facility near Salem, OH(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,3-Dichloropropane was detected in the air near an unspecified industrial site at a concn of 2 ppb(1).

Inhalation of vapor, ingestion, eye, and skin contact

Since this compound is apparently not produced or used in the United States, general population exposure and occupational exposure is expected to be very low or non-existent. (SRC)

1,3-Dichloropropane was identified, not quantified, in human adipose tissue(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dichloropropane/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Dichloropropane/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dichloropropane/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Dichloropropane/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IMO 3.2; 1,1-Dichloropropane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II