nabam

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (90.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (90.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 231 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: remove to fresh air; administer artificial respiration and oxygen, if indicated.

EYES: flush with copious quantities of water for 15 min.; call a physician.

SKIN: wash thoroughly with soap and water.

INGESTION: induce vomiting and follow with gastric lavage; get medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

CAUTION: Fire involving Safety devices (UN3268) and Fire suppressant dispersing devices (UN3559) may have a delayed activation and a risk of hazardous projectiles. Extinguish the fire at a safe distance.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U114, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate/

Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. ... For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Products Intended Primarily for Occupational Use. Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons.

Products Intended Primarily for Occupational Use. If coveralls are required for pesticide handlers: Discard clothing or other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Nabam (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Dust mask; self-contained breathing apparatus if compound is hot; goggles; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

No nabam end-use products are within the scope of the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides (40 CFR parts 170 and 156). However, personal protective equipment for non-WPS occupational use is required.

The minimum (baseline) PPE for all occupational uses of nabam end use products is: Minimum PPE:Applicators and other handlers must wear: long-sleeve shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves, socks plus shoes.

Engineering Control Requirements for liquid formulations: ... This product must be loaded and transferred only using a metering-pump system or a closed loading/application system for the following uses: air washer water systems; commercial/industrial water cooling systems (includes shipboard seawater cooling systems); evaporative condenser water systems; pasteurizer/warmer/cannery cooling water systems; and heat exchanger water systems.}. Open pouring is prohibited. For dry formulations: All nabam end-use products formulated as a dry formulation must be placed in water-soluble packaging.

Nabam is a colorless to light amber solid with a a slight odor. Mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless solid; [Hawley] White crystalline solid; [MSDSonline]

Colorless crystals when pure.

Crystals from water

Decomposes on heating without melting

Insoluble in common organic solvents.

Forms a continuous film on plant surfaces, which is said to become insoluble in water.

In water, 2X10+5 mg/L at room temperature

1.14 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.14 at 20 °C (solid)

Negligible

Unstable in dry, crystalline form

Decomposed by light, moisture & heat. Stable as an aqueous soln. On aeration, aqueous solutions deposit yellow mixtures of which the main fungicidal components are sulfur and etem.

Decomposed by light, moisture and heat.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitroxides, sodium oxide/, and /sulfoxides/.

Aqueous soln is corrosive

Crystals from alcohol. Moderately soluble in water. Forms a continuous film on plant surfaces, which is said to become insoluble in water. /Nabam hexahydrate/

Colorless crystals /Hexahydrate/

NABAM FORMS ETHYLENETHIURAM DISULFIDE AND ETHYLENETHIURAM MONOSULFIDE, WHICH IS READILY CONVERTED TO AN ISOTHIOCYANATE; NABAM CAN ALSO BE CONVERTED UNDER MILDLY ACID CONDITIONS TO ETHYLENETHIOUREA AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE, AND UNDER MORE DRASTIC CONDITIONS TO ETHYLENEDIAMINE & CS2

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Fungicides, Herbicides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Dithiocarbamates (Pesticide)

Water soluble. Decomposes in boiling hot to give poisonous hydrogen sulfide and flammable carbon disulfide.

Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts

NABAM is a dithiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

LD50 Rat oral 395 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 1400 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 500 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 2.19 mg/L/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Nabam (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oils and alcohol increase the human absorption & toxicity.

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Use moderate hyperventilation (rate of 20 respirations per minute) if signs of cerebral edema are present. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds/

Gastrointestinal decontamination. If a large amount of the fungicide has been ingested in the last few hours, and if copious vomiting has not already occurred, it may be reasonable to consider GI decontamination. Activated charcoal can be used along with the addition of the cathartic sorbitol to the charcoal slurry. If sorbitol is given separately, it should be diluted with an equal volume of water before administration. No more than one dose of sorbitol is recommended and it should be used with caution in children and the elderly. If contact with the toxicant has been minimal (for example, oral contamination only, promptly flushed out of the mouth), administration of charcoal without a cathartic, followed by careful observation of the patient, probably represents optimal management. /Ethylene bis dithiocarbamates (EBDC compounds)/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Nabam (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The irritant and allergic potential of most dithiocarbamates is evident in occupational exposure. Skin irritation and sensitization were studied in man using a conventional patch test. A cotton square was dipped in 19% nabam solution and placed on the inner surface of the forearm, and, 14 days later, this procedure was repeated on the opposite forearm. Zineb was tested in the same manner, except that the cotton square was dipped in 65% wettable powder. The patches were left in place for 48 hr. Of the 25 subjects included in the nabam study, 2 showed irritation (mild erythema and itching). Thirteen of the 25 reacted to the retest (from mild erythema to severe erythema, edema, and vesiculation), indicating sensitization. Of the 50 subjects used in the zineb study, no reaction at all was seen in 49 of them. One reacted in such a way that it indicated primary irritation rather than sensitization ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ It is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, and it is /SRP: a CNS depressant/ in high concentrations.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Some applicators have experienced mild dermatitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, and conjunctivitis from high exposure ... Skin irritation tests in humans showed reactions in 13 of 25 subjects including severe edema, erythema, vesiculation, and indications of development of sensitization reactions.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) compounds are not inhibitors of cholinesterase or of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. They do not induce cholinergic illness or antabuse reactions. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nabam (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... For many compounds, the toxicity is often influenced by the method of application, e.g., solvents used, age and sex of animal, type of diet, etc. Thus, in rats fed an isocaloric diet containing 3.5% protein, the LD50 of nabam was 210 mg/kg body weight, compared with 565 mg/kg in rats fed the same diet plus 26% protein ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Nabam (19% solution) and zineb (65% wettable powder) were each applied to the right eye of 10 rabbits, the left eye being used as a control. Nabam did not produce signs of irritation, while zineb produced mild irritation (erythema), which subsided within 6-8 hr. No edema was seen. The mild irritation may have been caused by the non-specific foreign body reaction to the dry, insoluble powder. When this procedure was repeated with both compounds diluted and suspended for agricultural use (for nabam, 0.5% of the commercial 19% solution plus zinc sulfate, 0.125% in water; for zineb, a 0.188% suspension of the commercial 65% wettable powder in water), no irritation was seen ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Experimental animals given toxic doses of Nabam exhibit first stimulation, then depression of central nervous system, bloody diarrhea, general weakness, and prostration. Death is due to respiratory arrest. At necropsy, severe irritation of the GI tract and renal necrosis are seen. These effects may be due in part to carbon disulfide released in the acid environment of the stomach ... Protein-deficient animals are more susceptible than control animals.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In vivo tests in rats and mice were performed with the intact dithiocarbamates /including nabam/ as well as various fractions of the reaction mixt containing degradation products. The fraction rich in ethylene-bis-thiuram monosulfide was more toxic (LD50 in mouse, 580 mg/kg bw; in rat, 1570 mg/kg) than the active principles. The degradation fractions containing primarily inorganic sulfur compounds and ethylene-bis-thiourea were less toxic.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nabam (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nabam (CAS # 142-59-6) was evaluated for effects on thyroid hormone levels in distinct groups (numbers unspecified) of male and female rats administered daily dermal exposures to 0, 46, 457, 1525, and 3050 mg/kg of Aquatreat DN-30 (30% w/w Nabam in water), 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Statistically significant reductions were noted in thyroxine (T4) levels of 3050 mg/kg females and in triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels of females at all treatment levels. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were statistically significantly increased in 46 and 1525 mg/kg males. Reviewers reported a possible treatment-related effect on thyroid hormones in these preliminary results of the study. No further information was provided.

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, male, age 3-4 months) oral >2560 mg/kg /purity 93%/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, age 10 days) diet >5000 ppm for 5 days /purity 93%/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, juvenile) diet 7500 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail); Concentration: > 2250 mg/kg (30% a.i.)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Nabam (43 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /from acute oral administration to birds, goats, and bullfrogs (all symptoms may not be found in every species)/: ataxia, tremors, tachypnea, myasthenia, salivation, miosis, tenesmus, diarrhea, piloerection.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Nabam was found to be practically nontoxic to birds on an acute oral and subacute dietary basis. To establish the toxicity of nabam to birds, the following tests /were/ required: one avian single-dose oral (LD50) study on one species (preferably mallard or bobwhite quail); one subacute dietary study (LC50) on one species (preferably the mallard duck or bobwhite quail).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Moderately toxic to fish.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ To establish the toxicity of a pesticide to freshwater fish, the minimum data required/by the USEPA/ on the technical grade of the active ingredient is one freshwater fish toxicity study using either a coldwater fish (preferably the rainbow trout) or a warmwater fish (preferably the bluegill sunfish). Rainbow Trout, LC50 11ppm, and Bluegill Sunfish, LC50 28 ppm, Slightly Toxic, Static tests on 30% nabam. /From table/.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nabam (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nabam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a fungicide will result in its direct release to the environment. Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat with the major degradation product being ethylenethiourea. Nabam will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase nabam may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. Nabam absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, nabam is susceptible to rapid degradation; therefore, mobility in soil and volatilization are not expected to be important fate processes in the environment. Nabam exhibited a removal rate of 96% per day in activated sludge bench-scale reactors, indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, nabam is not expected to volatilize from water because of its rapid degradation. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to nabam may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nabam is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to nabam via ingestion of food and dermal contact with fungicide products containing nabam. Nabam is detected in some food products due to its use as a commercial fungicide. (SRC)

Nabam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a fungicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2). Based on this rapid degradation, mobility in soil and volatilization are not expected to be important fate processes in the environment(SRC). Nabam exhibited a removal rate of 96% per day in activated sludge bench-scale reactors(3), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat, and is unstable in aqueous solution(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2). Based on this rapid degradation, volatilization from water is not expected in the environment(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -4.24(4) and a regression-derived equation(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Nabam exhibited a removal rate of 96% per day in activated sludge bench-scale reactors(6) indicating that biodegradation of nabam in water may be an important fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Since nabam is a sodium salt(1), it will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase nabam may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nabam absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Nabam was fed at the rate of 9.8, 10.2, 9.6, and 9.8 ppm over four consecutive days to a bench-scale activated sludge unit operating at 3 liters synthetic sewage per day(1). The percent removal of nabam from these units was reported to be over 96% per day(1).

Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat, and is unstable in aqueous solution(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2).

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, male, age 3-4 months) oral >2560 mg/kg /purity 93%/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, age 10 days) diet >5000 ppm for 5 days /purity 93%/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, juvenile) diet 7500 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail); Concentration: > 2250 mg/kg (30% a.i.)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Nabam (43 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /from acute oral administration to birds, goats, and bullfrogs (all symptoms may not be found in every species)/: ataxia, tremors, tachypnea, myasthenia, salivation, miosis, tenesmus, diarrhea, piloerection.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Nabam was found to be practically nontoxic to birds on an acute oral and subacute dietary basis. To establish the toxicity of nabam to birds, the following tests /were/ required: one avian single-dose oral (LD50) study on one species (preferably mallard or bobwhite quail); one subacute dietary study (LC50) on one species (preferably the mallard duck or bobwhite quail).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Moderately toxic to fish.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ To establish the toxicity of a pesticide to freshwater fish, the minimum data required/by the USEPA/ on the technical grade of the active ingredient is one freshwater fish toxicity study using either a coldwater fish (preferably the rainbow trout) or a warmwater fish (preferably the bluegill sunfish). Rainbow Trout, LC50 11ppm, and Bluegill Sunfish, LC50 28 ppm, Slightly Toxic, Static tests on 30% nabam. /From table/.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nabam (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nabam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a fungicide will result in its direct release to the environment. Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat with the major degradation product being ethylenethiourea. Nabam will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase nabam may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. Nabam absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, nabam is susceptible to rapid degradation; therefore, mobility in soil and volatilization are not expected to be important fate processes in the environment. Nabam exhibited a removal rate of 96% per day in activated sludge bench-scale reactors, indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, nabam is not expected to volatilize from water because of its rapid degradation. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to nabam may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nabam is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to nabam via ingestion of food and dermal contact with fungicide products containing nabam. Nabam is detected in some food products due to its use as a commercial fungicide. (SRC)

Nabam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a fungicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2). Based on this rapid degradation, mobility in soil and volatilization are not expected to be important fate processes in the environment(SRC). Nabam exhibited a removal rate of 96% per day in activated sludge bench-scale reactors(3), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat, and is unstable in aqueous solution(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2). Based on this rapid degradation, volatilization from water is not expected in the environment(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -4.24(4) and a regression-derived equation(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Nabam exhibited a removal rate of 96% per day in activated sludge bench-scale reactors(6) indicating that biodegradation of nabam in water may be an important fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Since nabam is a sodium salt(1), it will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase nabam may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nabam absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Nabam was fed at the rate of 9.8, 10.2, 9.6, and 9.8 ppm over four consecutive days to a bench-scale activated sludge unit operating at 3 liters synthetic sewage per day(1). The percent removal of nabam from these units was reported to be over 96% per day(1).

Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat, and is unstable in aqueous solution(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for nabam(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -4.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Nabam is decomposed by light, moisture, and heat, and is unstable in aqueous solution(1,2). The major product of nabam abiotic decomposition is reported to be ethylenethiourea(2). Based on this rapid degradation, mobility in soil is not expected to be an important fate process in the environment(SRC).

Volatilization from water surfaces, moist or dry soil is not expected given that nabam decomposes rapidly to ethylenethiourea(1).

Nabam was qualitatively found as a residue in samples tested during the Food and Drug Administration pesticide residue monitoring of various food samples for the test period of 1978-1982(1).

In 1989, 18,798 food samples were analyzed by the FDA for pesticide residues(1). Of these, only 1,278 samples were analyzed for EBDCs (ethylene bis-dithiocarbamates) in which nabam was detected; percent positive and concentrations not specified(1). Vegetables analyzed included peppers, leafy vegetables, cantaloupe, squash and peas(1). In 1990, the same study was conducted by the FDA but with 1,472 samples being analyzed for EBDCs; nabam was detected (percent positive and concentrations not specified)(2).

Occupational exposure to nabam may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nabam is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to nabam via ingestion of food and dermal contact with fungicide products containing nabam. (SRC)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U114, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate/

Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. ... For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Dithiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Nabam (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2771; Thiocarbamate pesticide, solid, toxic[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

UN 2772; Thiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic, flash point less than 23 °C[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

UN 3005; Thiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point not less than 23 °C[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

UN 3006; Thiocarbamate pesticide, liquid, toxic[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for Nabam (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.