Heptane

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (100%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H336 (97.6%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H400 (95.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (> 99.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2964 reports by companies from 82 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Heptane:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very larg quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

The vapor is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers... Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for heptane: Biological treatment.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Clothing wet with liquid heptane should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of heptane from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the heptane, the person performing the operation should be informed of heptane's hazardous properties.

Where there is any possibility that employees' eyes may be exposed to heptane, an eye wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.

In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Heptane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

500.0 [ppm]

500 [ppm]

830 [ppm]

5000 [ppm]

85 ppm (350 mg/m³)

440 ppm (1800 mg/m³) [15 minutes]

TWA 85 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 440 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute]

500 ppm (2000 mg/m³)

TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) See Appendix G

750 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

750.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other human data: Inhalation of 1,000 ppm for 6 minutes was associated with slight dizziness [Patty and Yant 1929]. Exposure to 5,000 ppm for 4 minutes produced complaints of nausea, a loss of appetite, vertigo, and incoordination [Patty and Yant 1929]. A 15­minute exposure to 5,000 ppm produced a state of intoxication characterized by uncontrolled hilarity in some individuals and in others a stupor lasting for 30 minutes after the exposure [Patty and Yant 1929].

See: 142825

400.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 400 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 500 ppm.

400 ppm as TWA; 500 ppm as STEL.

400 ppm [1979]

500 ppm [1979]

2085 mg/m

2100 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Austrailia TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/cu m); STEL 500 ppm (2000 mg/cu m)

Belgium TWA 400 ppm (1640 mg/cu m); STEL 500 ppm (2050 mg/cu m)

Denmark TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/cu m)

N-heptane is a clear colorless liquids with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 25 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Liquid; CBI

Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor; [NIOSH]

VOLATILE COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Gasoline-like odor

209.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

98.38 °C

98.00 to 99.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

98.52 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-131 °F (USCG, 1999)

-90.549 °C

-90.6 °C

-90.7 °C

-91.61 °C

25 °F (USCG, 1999)

25 °F (Closed Cup)

30 °F (-1 °C), open cup

-7 °C c.c.

0.0003 % (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 3.40 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride; very soluble in ethanol; miscible with ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform, and petroleum ether

0.0034 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, mg/l at 25 °C: 2.2 (very poor)

0.6838 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.6795 g/cu cm at 25 °C

% in saturated air: 6.3 at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg; density of air saturated with vapor: 1.18 at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg

Density (at 20 °C): 0.68 g/ml

0.684 @25 °C

3.45 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

37.49 mmHg at 70 °F (USCG, 1999)

46.0 [mmHg]

4.60X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 4.6

40 [mm Hg] @22.3 °C

(72 °F): 40 mmHg

log Kow = 4.66

433 °F (USCG, 1999)

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

N-HEPTANE is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers (NIOSH, 2024).

Violent reaction with phosphorous + chlorine.

Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Strong oxidizers

Petroleum distillates are central nervous system depressants and cause pulmonary damage. (A600)

n-Heptane

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: No human data and no animal data available. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

N-Heptane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L135)

Petroleum distillates are aspiration hazards and may cause pulmonary damage, central nervous system depression, and cardiac effects such as cardiac arrhythmias. They may also affect the blood, immune system, liver, and kidney. (A600, L1297)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (T29) ; inhalation (T29) ; dermal (T29)

Cough. Incoordination. Dizziness. Weakness. Nausea. Drowsiness.

Redness. Swelling. Pain.

Redness.

Aspiration hazard! Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Unconsciousness.

dizziness, stupor, incoordination; loss of appetite, nausea; dermatitis; chemical pneumonitis (aspiration liquid); unconsciousness

Heptane affects the central nervous system and may cause lightheadedness, giddiness, stupor, vertigo, incoordination, loss of appetite, nausea, and unconsciousness. Direct skin contact with heptane may cause pain, burning, and itching. (T29)

Skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

4 x 10^-1 mg/m^3

4 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

SCREEN Current

LC50 (rat) = 103,000 mg/m3/4H

LD50: 222 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (T14)

LC50: 75 g/m3 over 2 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (T14)

The fatal concentration of heptane in humans has been reported as 16,000 ppm. /SRP: Time not specified./

LD50 Mouse iv 222 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse inhalation 75 g/cu m/2 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 103 mg/cu m/4 hr

Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage, emesis, and the administration of activated charcoal should be avoided, as vomiting increases the risk of aspiration. (A600)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Human volunteers exposed to 0.1% heptane exhibited slight vertigo in 6 min; to 0.2%, vertigo in 4 min; and to 0.5%, CNS depression in 7 min. The lingering taste of gasoline for several hours after exposure has also been reported.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are lightheadedness, giddiness, stupor, vertigo, incoordination; loss of appetite, nausea; unconsciousness. Direct contact may cause dermatitis; aspiration of liquid may cause chemical pneumonia.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Concentrations of 4.8% heptane caused respiratory arrest within 3 minutes. Survivors showed marked vertigo and incoordination requiring 30 min for recovery; they also exhibited mucous membrane irritation, slight nausea, and lassitude. A narrow margin exists between the onset of CNS depression or convulsions and cardiac sensitization and recovery or death.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Numerous cases of polyneuritis have been reported, following prolonged exposure to a petroleum fraction containing various isomers of heptane as major ingredients. /Fractionated petroleum/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for n-Heptane (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Inhalation exposures of mice to 10,000-15,000 ppm heptane produced CNS depression in mice within 30-60 min. At higher concentrations (<20,000 ppm), 30-60 min exposures caused convulsions and death in mice; 48,000 ppm caused respiratory arrest in 3 of 4 exposed mice in 3 min. A concentration of 40 mg/L affected righting reflexes of mice, and 70 mg/L was lethal.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Inhalation exposure of mice to heptane concentrations of 13000-19000 ppm caused convulsions and deaths within 15-40 min. Prostration and loss of reflexes were typically observed in mice prior to death. ... The lethal dose by oral administration has been reported to be greater than 15 g/kg.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ At 9800 ppm mice were observed to be prostrated after being exposed to heptane vapors for 2 hr. ... Death ... was observed to occur ... when exposure levels approached 18,000 ppm.

LC50; Species: Chaetogammarus marinus /amphipod/; Concentration: 0.2 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Mysidopsis bahia (Opossum shrimp); Concentration: 0.1 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Concentration: 4 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus melanotus (Golden orfe); Concentration: 2940 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for n-Heptane (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Young Coho salmon /Oncorhynchus kisutch/: no significant mortalities when applied in amounts up to 100 ppm, after 96 hr in artificial sea water at 8 °C

2.20e+01

2.90e+02

4.20e+02

1.80e+03

6.00e+00

2.00e-01

4.80e-02

3.00e-04

4.00e-01

Volatile

5.79e+01

6.60e+01

8.60e+02

1.30e+03

5.30e+03

1.80e+01

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

n-Heptane's production and use as a solvent, in organic synthesis, and as a standard for octane-rating determinations may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The presence of n-heptane in gasoline and petroleum based products may result in its release through the use of these substances as well. n-Heptane is also a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 46 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-heptane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-heptane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.2 days. n-Heptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-heptane is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 240. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8 atm-cu m/mole. n-Heptane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 101% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, n-heptane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 4.0 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 550 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to n-heptane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-heptane is produced or used. The most likely pathway by which the general public is exposed to n-heptane is by inhalation due to the release of this substance from gasoline and other petroleum products. Monitoring data also indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-heptane via ingestion of food and drinking water, although these pathways are considered minor when compared to inhalation. (SRC)

n-Heptane is a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas(1).

n-Heptane's production and use as a solvent, in organic synthesis, and as a standard for octane-rating determinations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The presence of n-heptane in gasoline and petroleum based products(2,3) may result in its release through the use of these substances as well.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-heptane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-heptane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 46 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 3.4 mg/L(4). n-Heptane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 46 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). A 101% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-heptane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 46 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3.4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 4.0 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 550(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.66(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A 101% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(9) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-heptane, which has a vapor pressure of 46 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-heptane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.15X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Heptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: n-Heptane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 101% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). In a study determining the primary aerobic biodegradation of biodiesel B20 fuel, the calculated half-life of n-heptane contained in the mixture was 2.3 days using unacclimated inocula from a rainwater detention pond(2). The theoretical oxygen demand of benzene acclimated activated sludge for n-heptane was 0.7, 4.3 and 23.4% after 6, 24, and 72 hr, respectively(3). One mg of n-heptane and 1 ml of a 1:10 suspension of Hudson-Collamer silt loam soil in mineral salts media were incubated in the dark at 25 °C(4). Controls without n-heptane were used to determine the net oxygen consumed(4). The average theoretical biological oxygen demand of trials for n-heptane was 28, 63, 70 and 70% after 2, 5, 10 and 20 days, respectively(4). n-Heptane (5 ml) was completely degraded 4 days after it was added to a microcosm inoculated with soil from a gasoline contaminated site(5). At intervals of 6, 12 and 24 hr, endogenous respiration was greater than that of 3 preparations of n-heptane and activated sludge from differing aeration units of sewage treatment facilities(6). n-Heptane was degraded to approximately 17% of its initial concentration (unspecified) after 2 days and 100% after 25 days, respectively, in gasoline (400 mg/L) inoculated with activated aerobic sewage sludge (100 mg dry wt/L)(7).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-heptane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 7.15X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). n-Heptane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). n-Heptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 550 was calculated in fish for n-heptane(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-heptane can be estimated to be 240(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-heptane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for n-heptane is estimated as 1.8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 46 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3.4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-heptane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.9 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.0 days(SRC). n-Heptane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-heptane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 46 mm Hg(1).

In a study quantifying the passive volatilization of a synthetic gasoline and its individual components in three air-dried soils over a period of up to 16 days, n-heptane had a volatilization half-life of approximately 10 hours in a loamy sand at a depth of 50 mm(1). Using different soil types, n-heptane, at a depth of 50 mm, volatilized first from sand, followed by a loamy sand and finally a silt loam, showing that as the particle size of the soil decreased and the clay and organic content matter increased, the volatilization rate decreased(1). Complete volatilization of n-heptane from a tray containing a gasoline pool thickness of 7 mm at a temperature of 18.5 °C occurred after approximately 5.6 hours(1). In a study in which a jet fuel mixture was incubated in freshwater from the Escambia River, FL at 25 °C, a 99% loss of n-heptane in the controls was attributed to evaporation(2). n-Heptane as a component of missile fuel was also lost to volatilization within 5 hours when incubated with water from the Range Point salt marsh, FL(3). n-Heptane degradation was observed in active and sterile sandy loam treated with JP-4 jet fuel (10 uL per gram of soil)(4). The concentration of n-heptane at 0 time was 0.277 ug/mL in the active soil and 0.235 ug/mL in the sterile soil while the concentrations in both soils were 0 ug/mL when they were tested a second time after 5 days; evaporation was considered to be the primary removal process(4).

GROUNDWATER: n-Heptane was detected in the groundwater down-flow from an earthen disposal pit for produced water in the Duncan Oil Field, NM(1).

DRINKING WATER: n-Heptane was reported as a compound identified in drinking water(1).

SURFACE WATER: Only trace quantities of n-heptane were detected in open surface waters and from an unpolluted coastal area of the north central Gulf of Mexico(1). The n-heptane concentration ranged from 2 to 5 ng/L for 6 surface water samples collected at coastal areas of the north central Gulf of Mexico under anthropogenic influence(1). n-Heptane was detected in 7 of 8 surface water samples in the Gulf of Mexico ranging in concentration from 0.1 to 4.1 ng/L with an average concentration of 1.9 ng/L(2).

A sample of oil reclaiming wastewater contained n-heptane concentrations of 148 and 87 ug/L before and after treatment by precipitation/flocculation, respectively(1). n-Heptane was detected in 1 of 63 industrial wastewater effluents at a concentration of less than 10 ug/L(2). Underwater hydrocarbon vents and formation water discharges from offshore oil production platforms were found to contain n-heptane in the vapor phase at 24 umol/L of gas and in the liquid state at 1330 ng/L, respectively(3). A large septic tank serving 97 homes in Tacoma, WA received raw sewage influent containing n-heptane at a concentration of 6.2 ug/L and discharged n-heptane at a concentration of less than 0.7 ug/L(4). The average n-heptane concentration in the spent chlorination liquor of 3 differently treated sulfite pulps was 5 g/ton of pulp(5).

n-Heptane was detected in the emissions from cereal silage and almond shells at concentrations of 0.26 and 0.11 nL/L collected from various dairy silages and feed samples at a commercial dairy farm in Yolo County, California(1). n-Heptane has been identified as a trace component (0.290% vol) of landfill gas from a municiple landfill in Palos Verdes, CA(2). n-Heptane has been detected in landfill gas samples from the Fresh Kills Municipal Solid-Waste Landfill in New York City; the average concentration in these samples was below 0.90 ppmv(3). The concentration of n-heptane in the active compost blower exhaust from the Peninsula Composting Facility in Virginia has been measured to be 39 ug/cu m(4). n-Heptane has been detected in waste disposal site landfill gas in the UK; however, concentrations were not provided(5). The percentage of n-heptane in the emissions of volatile organic compounds in the UK during 1990 has been reported as 0.35%(6). The concentration of n-heptane in the emissions of a municipal waste incineration plant located in Germany was 4.70 ug/cu m(7). The annual emission rate of n-heptane from the city of Athens, Greece has been calculated to be 1.224 kt/yr(8).

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for heptane: Biological treatment.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot. /Heptanes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Heptanes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Heptanes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Heptanes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for n-Heptane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1206; Heptanes

IMO 3.2; Heptanes

49 091 90; Heptane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Marine pollutant.

Symbol: F, Xn, N; R: 11-38-50/53-65-67; S: (2)-9-16-29-33-60-61-62; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II