Aziridine

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300+H310+H330 (47.6%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (14.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H340 (100%): May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 927 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Ethyleneimine exposure may result in delayed pulmonary edema within 24 to 48 hours. Also, acute effects such as nausea, eye irritation, etc., are often delayed for 30 minutes to 3 hours. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Ethyleneimine Exposure: Acute exposure to ethyleneimine may result in irritation and burning of the eyes, nose, throat, respiratory tract, and mucous membranes. Dermal sensitization may occur. Corneal damage, bone marrow depression, delayed coughing, and laryngeal and pulmonary edema may also occur. Gastrointestinal effects may include nausea and vomiting. Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) may be observed.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to ethyleneimine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to ethyleneimine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to ethyleneimine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. DO NOT induce vomiting.

4. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

5. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped; use water in flooding quantities as a fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If tank car or truck is involved in fire, isolate the surrounding area in a 1/2 mile radius.

Dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide are useful for small fires. For large fires: water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water in large amounts, alcohol-resistant foam, powder. NO carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Use dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors & toxic decomp products. Explosive decomp may occur under fire conditions. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Ethyleneimine, stabilized/

Use dry-chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide extinguishers. Water spray, though ineffective to extinguish, may help to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fires from safe distances.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius. /Ethyleneimine, stabilized/

Flammable liquid. Vapors are heavier than air & may travel to a source of ignition & flashback. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. Combustion by-products include oxides of nitrogen.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1185 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 200 m (600 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.5 km (0.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.0 km (0.6 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.8 km (1.1 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cover with a 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a paper carton.

Spill or Leak Procedures: Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spill to form nonflammable mixtures. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2005)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P054, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P054, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Good candidate for liquid injection with a temperature of 650-1,600 °C with residence times of 0.1-2 seconds. Good candidate for rotary kiln with a temperature of 820-1,600 °C with residence times for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: hours. Good candidate for fluidized bed with a temperature of 450-980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: longer.

Incineration: 1) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene etc. Spray the soln into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. 2) Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from acids, oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Store only if stabilized.

Can be stored for some time over a few pellets of sodium hydroxide. /In a closed container/

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Store away from heat, oxidizing materials, & sunlight. Separate from oxidizing materials & peroxides.

/Aziridine/ normally stored over solid caustic alkali, to minimize polymerization catalysed by presence of carbon dioxide.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data Level of Distinct Odor Awareness = 10.9 ppm

AEGLs Status: Final

0.10 [ppm]

4.6 [ppm]

9.9 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

[1910.1012] See Appendix B

100 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

100.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: It has been reported that rats and guinea pigs survived 2­hour exposures to 50 ppm [Carpenter et al. 1949]. . . .Human data: Exposure to concentrations greater than 100 ppm has caused respiratory tract irritation and inflammation, but symptoms may be delayed several hours [Gosselin et al. 1976]. Also, it has been presumed that severe exposures might result in an overwhelming pulmonary edema since ethyleneimine is a powerful lacrimator and emetic [Gosselin et al. 1976].

100 ppm; NIOSH considers ethyleneimine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [100 ppm]

See: 151564

0.05 [ppm]

0.1 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm, skin

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

2008 Notice of Intended Changes: These substances, with their corresponding vaules and notations, comprise those for which (1) a limit is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted value is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted TLV is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial values during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that changes its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Substance: Ethyleneimine; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 ppm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.1 ppm; Notations: Skin, A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans; Molecular Weight: 43.08; TLV Basis-Critical Effect(s): Upper respiratory tract irritation; liver and kidney damage.

0.05 ppm as TWA; 0.1 ppm as STEL; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

0.05 ppm [2008]

0.1 ppm [2008]

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 2

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

Ethyleneimine, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point 12 °F. Less dense than water. Flammable over a wide range of vapor-air concentrations. Vapors irritate the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. May be toxic by prolonged inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion. Carcinogenic. Vapors heavier than air. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently.

Colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor; Note: Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.

Colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. [Note: Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization.]

Oily, water-white liquid

Colorless liquid ... [Note: Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization].

Pungent, ammonia-like odor

Amine odor

131 to 133 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

55-56 °C at 760 mm Hg

56-57 °C

56 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-98 °F Freezing Point (EPA, 1998)

Freezing point: -71.5 °C

-77.9 °C

12 °F (EPA, 1998)

The Guide from the Emergency Response Guidebook is for "ethylenimine, inhibited." -11 °C

12 °F (-11 °C) (Closed cup)

-11 °C c.c.

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

SOL IN ALKALI

Soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in ether; very soluble in chloroform; miscible in organic solvents

In water, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

0.8321 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8321 at 24 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.832 @25 °C

1.48 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.48 (Air=1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.5

160 mmHg at 68 °F (EPA, 1998)

213.0 [mmHg]

213 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 21.3

160 mmHg

75 [mm Hg] @4.0999999999999996 °C

608 °F (USCG, 1999)

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Bases, Strong

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

ETHYLENEIMINE vapors are not inhibited and may form polymers in vents or flame arresters, resulting in stopping of the vents. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Reacts with sodium hypochlorite and other chlorinating agents to give the explosive compound 1-chloroazidine. Decomposes if heated under pressure. or else hazardous polymerization may occur. Incompatible with silver or aluminum, which induce polymerization May polymerize explosively upon contact with acids. Polymerization is catalyzed by carbon dioxide [EPA, 1998].

/Aziridine/ gives the explosive 1-chloroazidine on treatment with /chlorinating agents/ eg sodium hypochlorite solution.

Explosive silver derivatives may be formed in contact with silver or its alloys, including silver solder, which is therefore unsuitable in handling equipment.

Polymerizes explosively in presence of acids [Note: Explosive silver derivatives may be formed with silver alloys (e.g., silver solder)].

Mixing acetic acid and ethyleneimine in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase. (It was observed when equimolar quantities of 2 chemicals were mixed in a closed container. In some cases the changes were solely vapor pressure effects due to heat of solution.)

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ETHYLENEIMINE (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Polymerizes explosively in presence of acids [Note: Explosive silver derivatives may be formed with silver alloys (e.g., silver solder).]

Ethyleneimine

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of aziridine were available. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of aziridine. Overall Evaluation: Aziridine is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration that aziridine is a direct acting alkylating agent which is mutagenic in a wide range of test systems and forms DNA adducts that are promutagenic.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Aziridine

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 9: (1975) Some Aziridines, N-, S- and O-Mustards and Selenium

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2B with supporting evidence from other relevant data

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Skin burns. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; nausea, vomiting; headache, dizziness; pulmonary edema; liver, kidney damage; eye burns; skin sensitization; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys

[in animals: lung & liver tumors]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

LC50 (rat) = 100 mg/m3/2H

LC50 Cat inhalation 250 ppm/30 min

LC50 Rabbit inhalation 50 ppm/30 min

LD50 Rat oral 15 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 12.5 mg/kg body weight

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLENEIMINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Frequency of somatic point mutation induced by ethylenimine in Drosophila melanogaster larvae (heterozygous females and hemizygous males) was reduced after caffeine treatments, but it increased the frequency of chromosome aberrations and mitotic recombinations that were induced.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) seeds were treated with ethylenimine and diethyl sulfate separate and in combination. Combination of the two was simultaneous (EI + diethyl sulfate) or sequential (EI followed by diethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate followed by EI). Frequency of chromosome aberrations and chlorophyll mutation induced by EI was significantly higher than that induced by diethyl sulfate. Highest frequency of mutation was obtained with EI followed by diethyl sulfate, next (in descending order) was EI + diethyl sulfate, EI alone, diethyl sulfate followed by EI, and diethyl sulfate alone. Interaction of these agents with genetic material is complex and specific, depending on sequence in which the mutagens are applied.

Sodium selenite significantly decreased frequency of chromosome aberrations induced in wheat by ethyleneimine. Optimum concentration of sodium selenite ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ug/mL. At these concentrations it displayed high antimutagenic activity without affecting cell division.

When barley seeds were treated wiith ethylenimine and cysteine, mutations induced by ethylenimine were markedly suppressed by cysteine.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin bums with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Examinations for leukocyte counts, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes and check for kidney disorders.

Examinations should include a history of exposure to other carcinogens, smoking, alcohol, medications, and family history. The skin, eye, lung, and liver should be evaluated. Sputum or urine cytology should be helpful.

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus (Carp) 2.4 mg/L/48 hr /formulated product/ /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 14 mg/L/24 hr; static /formulated products/

2.70e-03

1.20e-02

1.50e-04

6.50e-04

2.40e-04

7.00e+02

6.50e+01

1.90e-02

Volatile

1.54e+05

2.70e-01

1.20e+00

1.50e-02

6.50e-02

2.40e-02

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Ethyleneimine's production and use as an intermediate and monomer for fuel-oil and lubricant refining, ion exchange, protective coatings, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, polymer stabilizers, and surfactants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 213 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyleneimine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyleneimine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.6 days. Ethyleneimine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyleneimine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. However, the pKa of ethyleneimine is 8.04, indicating that this compound will partially exist as a cation in the environment and cations generally do adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyleneimine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, ethyleneimine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. However volatilization will be attenuated due to its cationic state under environmental conditions. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Attenuation is pH dependent with little volatilization expected under acidic conditions. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 17 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A hydrolysis half-life of 154 days suggests that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. Occupational exposure to ethyleneimine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyleneimine is produced or used. (SRC)

Ethyleneimine is not known to occur in nature(1).

Ethyleneimine's production and use as an intermediate and monomer for fuel-oil and lubricant refining, ion exchange, protective coatings, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, polymer stabilizers, and surfactants(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from an assigned water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyleneimine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, the pKa of ethyleneimine is 8.04(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist as a cation in the environment and cations generally do adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of ethyleneimine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 213 mm Hg(6), and assigned value for water solubility(2). Ethyleneimine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(6). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2006).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from an assigned water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyleneimine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However volatilization will be attenuated as ethyleneimine exits as a cation (pKa = 8.04(4)) under environmental conditions and will therefore absorb to solids and sediment. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 213 mm Hg(5), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 17 days, respectively(SRC). Attenuation is pH dependent with little volatilization expected under acidic conditions(6). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2006).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyleneimine, which has a vapor pressure of 213 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyleneimine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.10X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Ethyleneimine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyleneimine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 6.10X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Ethyleneimine undergoes hydrolysis at neutral pH with a half-life of 154 days(2) yielding ethanolamine(3). It also complexes with metal salts(3). Ethyleneimine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ethyleneimine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.28(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of ethyleneimine is estimated as 2(SRC), using an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyleneimine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, the pKa of ethyleneimine is 8.04(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist as a cation the environment and cations generally do adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Ethyleneimine readily complexes with metal salts(6) which may be present in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyleneimine is estimated as 1.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 213 mm Hg(1), and assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyleneimine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). However volatilization will be attenuated as ethyleneimine exits as a cation (pKa = 8.04(4)) under environmental conditions and will therefore absorb to suspended solids and sediment. Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 17 days(SRC). Ethyleneimine's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyleneimine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Percutaneous absorption, ingestion, and eye contact.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,093 workers are potentially exposed to ethyleneimine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyleneimine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyleneimine is produced or used(SRC).

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2005)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P054, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P054, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Good candidate for liquid injection with a temperature of 650-1,600 °C with residence times of 0.1-2 seconds. Good candidate for rotary kiln with a temperature of 820-1,600 °C with residence times for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: hours. Good candidate for fluidized bed with a temperature of 450-980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: longer.

Incineration: 1) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene etc. Spray the soln into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. 2) Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Ethyleneimine, inhibited; Ethyleneimine, stabilized/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Ethyleneimine, inhibited; Ethyleneimine, stabilized [Table#1562]

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Ethyleneimine, inhibited; Ethyleneimine, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Ethyleneimine, inhibited; Ethyleneimine, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Ethyleneimine, inhibited; Ethyleneimine, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYLENEIMINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1185 131P

1185 131P(inhibited)

UN 1185; Ethyleneimine, stabilized

IMO 6.1; Ethyleneimine, stabilized

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, T+, N; R: 45-46-11-26/27/28-34-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: D, E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I