Schradan

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Note: Octamethyl diphosphoramide is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Diphosphoramide, Octamethyl- [OMPA] Exposure: Acute exposure to OMPA may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Hypotension (low blood pressure) and chest pain may be noted. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Psychosis may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to OMPA may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to OMPA.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to OMPA.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of OMPA is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of OMPA may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Liquid Pesticides) Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. (EPA, 1998)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P085, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C with residence times for liquids and gases; seconds; solids: hours. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration range of 450 to 980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; solids, longer.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Caution : Avoid sources of extreme heat including fire. Diphosphoramide, octamethyl- will liberate toxic phosphorus oxides when heated to decomposition.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Liquid Pesticides) Use water spray to knock down vapors. Attempt to stop leak if it can be done without hazard. Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with material. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. (EPA, 1998)

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.60 [mg/m3]

0.80 [mg/m3]

0.99 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

Diphosphoramide, octamethyl- is a dark brown viscous liquid. Used as an insecticide and as an acaricide. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)

Liquid; mp = 14-20 deg C; [Merck Index] Dark brown liquid; mp = 14-20 deg C; [CAMEO]

VISCOUS LIQUID

248 to 257 °F at 0.5 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

120-125 °C @ 0.5 MM HG

57 to 68 °F (EPA, 1998)

SOL IN CHLOROFORM

SOL IN KETONES, NITRILES, ESTERS, ALCOHOLS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; MISCIBLE WITH WATER; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN HIGHER ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS

SOL IN ACETONE, BENZENE

SLIGHTLY SOL IN PETROLEUM OILS

INSOL IN HEPTANE, PETROLEUM ETHER

1.09 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1343 @ 25 °C

1.09 @25 °C

0.001 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.001 [mmHg]

1X10-3 MM HG @ 25 °C

0.001 [mm Hg] @25 °C

HALF-LIFE OF OVER 10 YEARS AT PH 8 & 25 °C

STABLE TO WATER AND ALKALI

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION, CAN EMIT HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /NITROGEN OXIDES AND PHOSPHORUS OXIDES/.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.462 @ 25 °C/D

BP: 190-200 °C @ 0.5 MM HG; INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4660 @ 25 °C/D; DARK BROWN VISCOUS LIQ /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/

HYDROLYZED UNDER ACID CONDITIONS TO DIMETHYLAMINE AND ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID

Hydrolyzed in the presence of acids, but not by alkalies or water alone.

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Organophosphates, such as DIPHOSPHORAMIDE, OCTAMETHYL-, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Other Poison - Organophosphate

HEAST Current

LCLo (rat) = 8 mg/m3/4h

... For schradan, the lethal dose is 9.1 mg/kg for males and 42 mg/kg for females.

LD50 Rat male oral 13.5 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 8.0 mg/kg

LD50 Rat female oral 35.5 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 30.0 mg/kg /From table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ADMIN SODIUM PHENOBARBITAL & PHENAGLYCODOL @ 70 & 100 MG/KG IP, RESPECTIVELY, INCR TOXICITY OF OMPA MARKEDLY. ADMIN GLUTETHIMIDE, CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE, & MEPROBAMATE @ 60, 15, & 200 MG/KG, RESPECTIVELY, ALSO INCR OMPA TOXICITY.

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/

Atropine is the antidote of choice as in organophosphate poisoning. Although the total amount of atropine required usually is less, the same initial doses are recommended. Pralidoxime usually is necessary and may reduce the effectiveness of atropine (especially with carbaryl). ... Patients require approximately 6-12 hr of atropine treatment, but all significantly poisoned patients should be observed at least 24 hr after the last atropine dose. /Organophosphate poisoning/

1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

SIX MEN AND SIX WOMEN CONSUMED 1.4 MG/DAY, 5 DAYS/WEEK FOR 32 DOSES; TAKING BODY WEIGHT INTO ACCOUNT, THIS AMOUNTED TO 0.013 TO 0.015 MG/KG/DAY. ONE SUBJECT TOOK 4.2 MG/DAY (0.057 MG/KG/DAY) FOR 74 DAYS AND ON TWO OCCASIONS TOOK AS MUCH AS 12.6 MG. TWELVE OTHER ADULTS SERVED AS CONTROLS. THE LOWER DOSAGE CAUSED A SLOW FALL IN WHOLE BLOOD CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY, REACHING 80% OF NORMAL BY DAY 18 AND 75% BY DAY 44. AT THE HIGHER DOSAGE, RED CELL CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY REACHED 50% OF NORMAL IN 2 MONTHS AND THEN BEGAN TO RECOVER, ALTHOUGH EXPOSURE WAS CONTINUED ANOTHER 2 WEEKS. IN BOTH SERIES, CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY WAS MORE INHIBITED IN RED CELLS THAN IN PLASMA. SYMPTOMS DID NOT DEVELOP AT ANY DOSAGE TESTED.

/SCHRADAN/ HAS BEEN FOUND TO INHIBIT PERIPHERAL CHOLINESTERASE WITHOUT PRONOUNCED EFFECTS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

... Females are usually more susceptible to these chemicals with exception of methyl parathion and schradan. ... For schradan, the lethal dose is 9.1 mg/kg for males and 42 mg/kg for females.

OMPA IS HIGHLY TOXIC WHEN INHALED.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AT 50 PPM (WT) IN THE DIET FOR 1 YEAR, MALE RATS SHOWED TOXIC SIGNS, GROWTH SUPPRESSION, AND MARKED CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION WITHOUT PRODUCING TISSUE PATHOLOGY. AT DOSAGES OF 10 AND 50 PPM (WEIGHT) WHOLE BLOOD CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY WAS REDUCED BUT BRAIN ACTIVITY WAS UNAFFECTED.

... A PIG GIVEN ABOUT 15 MG/KG SHOWED SEVERE SIGNS OF POISONING IN 3 HOURS. ... DAILY DOSAGE WITH APPROX 1.5 MG/KG CAUSED SYMPTOMS OF POISONING IN 9 DAYS.

ANIMALS MAY LOSE WT FROM INABILITY TO FEED & DRINK DUE TO MUSCULAR WEAKNESS /FROM CHRONIC POISONING/. THESE SYMPTOMS MAY PERSIST FOR WEEKS AT A TIME, BUT, EXCEPT IN ODD CASES ... ON WITHDRAWAL OF CMPD FROM DIET, THE ANIMAL MAKES A RAPID AND COMPLETE RECOVERY.

SCHRADAN DIFFERS FROM OTHER ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES IN THAT IT DOES NOT BRING ABOUT SUCH VIOLENT MUSCULAR TWITCHINGS OR CONVULSIONS. THIS MAY BE DUE TO THE FACT THAT BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE LEVELS ARE LESS SERIOUSLY AFFECTED BY THIS COMPOUND THAN THOSE OF OTHER TISSUES.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Work ... must not be carried out by young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health; the same applies to alcoholics. Contraindications for work with organophosphorus pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis). /Organophosphorus pesticides/

LD50 MALLARD DUCK ORAL 36.3 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS 20.9-63.2 MG/KG), ACUTE MALES 3-4 MO OLD

LD50 PHEASANT ORAL 19.0 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS 13.7-26.4), ACUTE MALES 3-4 MO OLD

1.30e+02

1.60e+03

4.00e+01

1.00e+03

9.60e-03

LD50 MALLARD DUCK ORAL 36.3 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS 20.9-63.2 MG/KG), ACUTE MALES 3-4 MO OLD

LD50 PHEASANT ORAL 19.0 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS 13.7-26.4), ACUTE MALES 3-4 MO OLD

1.30e+02

1.60e+03

4.00e+01

1.00e+03

9.60e-03

2.00e-03

Volatile

3.80e+02

4.90e+03

1.20e+02

Schradan's use as a systemic insecticide which is absorbed by the plant may result in its direct release to the environment. If released to the atmosphere, Schradan will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere, based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase Schradan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 3 hours. Particulate-phase Schradan may be physically removed from the air by both wet and dry deposition. An estimated Koc of 7 suggests that Schradan will have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mol, or from dry soil surfaces given the vapor pressure of Schradan. Under acidic conditions in either soil or water, Schradan is expected to hydrolyze with a measured rate constant of 0.23 /M-hr in water at 25 °C. Schradan is not expected to adsorb to suspended matter in water based on its Koc value. This compound is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF value of 0.1 suggests that Schradan will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. (SRC)

Schradan's use as a systemic insecticide which is absorbed by the plant(1) may result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Schradan will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Schradan is not expected to be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a recommended regression equation(4), or from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Under acidic conditions, Schradan is expected to hydrolyze with a measured rate constant of 0.23 /M-hr at 25 °C(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that Schradan should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water(SRC). Under acidic conditions, Schradan is expected to hydrolyze with a measured rate constant of 0.23 /M-hr at 25 °C(3). Schradan may volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). An estimated BCF value of 0.1(1,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that Schradan will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(5).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Schradan, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Schradan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase Schradan may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Schradan was slightly hydrolyzed by ruminal fluid; these results include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic hydrolysis(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Schradan with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Rate constants of 0.23 /M-hr and 1X10-4 /M-hr were measured for Schradan under acidic and basic conditions at 25 °C, respectively(2). Schradan is hydrolyzed in the presence of acids, but not by alkalies or water alone(3).

... /THEORETICAL/ CALCULATIONS INDICATED THAT 312 & 1040 DAYS ... REQUIRED FOR 50% & 90% HYDROLYSIS RESPECTIVELY, IN VALENCIA ORANGES, & 16 & 35 DAYS, RESPECTIVELY, IN LEMONS. VALUES OBTAINED AFTER ACTUAL TREATMENTS INDICATED A GRADUAL BREAKDOWN OF SCHRADAN BUT NOT AS RAPID AS THEORY SUGGESTS.

An estimated BCF value of 0.1 was calculated for Schradan(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of - 1.01(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not occur(SRC).

The Koc of Schradan is estimated as approximately 7(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.01(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that Schradan has very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for Schradan is estimated as 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that Schradan will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Schradan's values for vapor pressure, 1.1X10-4 mm Hg(3,SRC) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces should not occur(SRC).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P085, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C with residence times for liquids and gases; seconds; solids: hours. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration range of 450 to 980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; solids, longer.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.