sodium hydrosulfide

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3% (24 of 788) of reports.

H226 (56%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H251 (14.1%): Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H290 (80.6%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H301 (84.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (97%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (81.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (84.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P390, P391, P403+P235, P405, P406, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 788 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 24 of 788 reports by companies.

There are 15 notifications provided by 764 of 788 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P235, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

INHALATION: move victim from contaminated atmosphere; call physician; if breathing has ceased, start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

EYES: immediately flush with large quantities of running water for a minimum of 15 min.; obtain medical attention as soon as possible; while awaiting instructions from physician, patient may be kept in a dark room and ice compresses applied to the eyes and forehead.

SKIN: immediately flush affected areas with water; obtain medical attention if irritation persists.

INGESTION: obtain medical attention as soon as possible; if patient is conscious, induce vomiting by giving large amounts of water or warm salty water (2 tablespoons of table salt to a pint of water); if this measure is unsuccessful, vomiting may be induced by tickling back of patient's throat with a finger. Vomiting should be encouraged until the vomitus is clear. If patient is unconscious, do not give anything but ensure there is no obstruction to breathing (his tongue should be kept forward and false teeth removed). He will be less likely to aspirate vomitus if he is placed in a face-down position. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF. Some of these materials may react violently with water. CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Small Spill

CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.

CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance and filter respirator for inorganic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /sodium hydrosulfide, solid/

Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /sodium hydrosulfide solution/

Water spill - Add soda ash (Na2CO3). Allow to aerate. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Air spill - Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /sodium hydrosulfide solution/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from acids and strong oxidants.

Storage temperature: greater than 63 °F.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.32 [mg/m3]

3.5 [mg/m3]

21 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.

· Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. Corrosive on ingestion. The substance hydrolyses rapidly on exposure to moisture releasing H2S. See ICSC 0165 .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Rubber protective equipment, such as apron, boots, splash- proof goggles, gloves; canister-type respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

Rubber protective equipment, such as apron, boots, splash-proof goggles, gloves; canister-type respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus.

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Sodium hydrosulfide is a colorless to light yellow crystalline solid or fused mass. It is corrosive to skin and metal. Used in paper pulping, manufacturing dyes, and dehairing hides.

Sodium hydrosulfide, solution appears as a colorless to light-yellow liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. It is used in paper pulping, manufacturing dyes and dehairing hides.

Dry Powder; Other Solid; Large Crystals; CBI; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid

White to colorless crystals with an odor of hydrogen sulfide; [NIOSH] Highly hygroscopic; [Merck Index] Solution is light yellow to red with an odor of rotten eggs; [CHRIS] White or yellow crystalline solid with an odor of rotten eggs; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Rhombohedric-cubic crystals. White to colorless.

Colorless rhombohedral crystals.

ODOR OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE

212 °F at 760 mmHg (approx.) (USCG, 1999)

Boiling point at 1 atm: (approx) 212 °F= 100 °C= 373 deg K. /Sodium Hydrosulfide Solution/

63 °F (USCG, 1999)

Turns yellow upon heating in dry air, changing to orange at higher temperatures. Forms a black liquid at the melting point. Gives a blue-green solution in dimethylformamide. Very hygroscopic. Readily hydrolyzed in moist air to NaOH and Na2S.

SOL IN WATER, ALCOHOL, ETHER

In water, 50 g/100 cu cm water at 22 °C.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 50-60 (good)

1.3 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.79 /as per source/

1.8 g/cm³

49.12 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

49.0 [mmHg]

negligible

READILY HYDROLYZED IN MOIST AIR TO SODIUM HYDROXIDE & SODIUM SULFIDE

Decomposes to hydrogen sulfide and free alkali.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of sulfoxides and Na2O.

Corrodes most metals. /Sodium Hydrosulfide Solution/

Odor Threshold Low: 0.0047 [ppm]

Odor threshold from CHRIS

0.0047 ppm

Needles of flakes, mp 55 °C. Completely and rapidly soluble in water, alcohol, ether /DIHYDRATE/.

Shiny rhombs, mp 22 °C/TRIHYDRATE/.

When exposed to air, sodium hydrosulfide undergoes autoxidation and gradually forms polysulfur, thiosulfate, and sulfate. It also absorbs carbon dioxide, forming sodium carbonate.

Other Classes -> Sulfur Compounds

Corrosives

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Reactive agents - 1st degree

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Soluble in water. The solution slowly evolves hydrogen sulfide gas. Crystals hydrolyze in moist air to sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. Liable to spontaneous heating in moist air.

The solution continuously and slowly evolves gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Rate of evolution is increased by acids.

Sulfides, Inorganic

Bases, Weak

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

A chemical base. Reacts with acids to release flammable and toxic gaseous hydrogen sulfide. As long as the solution is kept strongly alkaline, pH > 10, there is very little release of H2S. At pH = 7, the percent concentration of H2S released is close to 80%.

Reacts violently with diazonium salts. Spontaneous combustion.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Sore throat. Burns in mouth and throat. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 Mouse inhalation 1500 mg/cu m/18 min. /Hydrogen sulfide/

LC50 Rat inhalation 1500 mg/cu m/14 min. /Hydrogen sulfide/

PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH IP INJECTED GLUTATHIONE OXIDIZED 0.58 MICROMOLE/KG PROTECTED THEM AGAINST A SUBSEQUENT LETHAL CHALLENGE WITH SODIUM SULFIDE 0.83 MICROMOLE/KG.

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . In severe cases use amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite ... as described for cyanide poisoning; omit the sodium thiosulfate injection. Early administration will be the most effective. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Treat with rapid rewarming techniques ... if frostbite occurs. /Hydrogen sulfide and related compounds/

Sodium sulfide contact with workmen's eyes has been noted to cause burns which may be slow healing, owing presumably to strong alkalinity.

Man: severe toxic effects: 200 ppm = 280 mg/cu m 1 min; symptoms of illness: 50 ppm = 70 mg/cu m unsatisfactory: 20 ppm = 28 mg/cu m lethal: 600 ppm, 30 min 800 ppm, immediately.

Hydrogen sulfide does two things: it directly irritates mucous membranes, including respiratory linings, and it inhibits cellular respiration. Direct irritation is probably the major cause of pulmonary edema, hyperemia, and dyspnea seen in animals that do not die outright. Thus hydrogen sulfide was classified earlier as one of the agents capable of causing interference with oxygen uptake from pulmonary alveoli. The exact means by which it produces pulmonary edema is not known, but it is not reasonable to attribute it to some unique mechanism set apart from the means by which any other irritant increases permeability of lung capillaries. /Hydrogen sulfide/

Twenty 6 month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Groups of five animals were exposed to an atmosphere of either 2,317 mg/cu m hydrogen sulfide, or no hydrogen sulfide, or were injected intraperitoneally with a solution containing 30 mg/kg sodium hydrosulfide or saline solution. The peracute lethal exposure to hydrogen sulfide produced pulmonary edema, similar to, but much more severe, than that which has been reported with sublethal concentrations of this gas. Peracute exposure resulted in rapid and massive accumulation of fluid in the lungs that the rat was unable to clear, resulting in massive alveolar flooding and finally death. The degree of pulmonary edema was further shown histologically by massive extravasation of fluids. The strong eosinophilic appearance of edematous fluid suggests that the extravasated fluid was rich in protein. The study also demonstrated that sodium hydrosulfide killed rats within the same post exposure time as hydrogen sulfide yet only the rats exposed to hydrogen sulfide had gross and histological evidence of pulmonary edema. The lack of clinical signs of respiratory distress during the agonic and unconscious state that preceded death suggest that lung structure was not notably compromised by sodium hydrosulfide. In contrast, the lungs of rats injected with sodium hydrosulfide or saline or exposed to air were unaffected. It was concluded that the edematogenic effect of hydrogen sulfide in the lungs cannot be reproduced by injection of sodium hydrosulfide. The severity of lung edema induced by a peracute exposure to hydrogen sulfide was extensive enough to account for death.

Administration of sodium hydrosulfide, an alkali salt of hydrogen sulfide at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, corresponding to sublethal and lethal doses (0.66 and 2.0 LD50) resulted in significant increases in regional catecholamine levels of the rat brain only after the dose of 2.0 LD50 of sodium hydrosulfide. Whereas the cortex and the cerebellum showed little or no change in catecholamine content, the hippocampus, striatum and brainstem all showed increases in noradrenaline and adrenaline. Additional analysis also showed that brainstem dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels (5-HT) increased as well. In vitro testing of sulfide for inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity showed the anion to be inhibitory with an IC50 of 39.1 + or - 3.6 uM. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity ex vivo could be demonstrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg but not at the lower dose of 30 mg/kg sodium hydrosulfide. Inhibition of enzyme activity could not be demonstrated at this lower dose, possibly due to the well known rapid intramitochondrial metabolism of sulfide. Correlation of synaptosomal and mitochondrial sulfide levels with enzyme inhibition data suggests that inhibition of monoamine oxidase may be an important contributing factor to the mechanism(s) underlying loss of central respiratory drive after fatal intoxication with hydrogen sulfide.

LC50 Fly inhalation 1500 mg/cu m/7 min. /Hydrogen sulfide/

TLm Gammarus 0.84 mg/l/96 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ /Hydrogen sulfide/

TLm Ephemera 0.316 mg/l/96 hr. /Hydrogen sulfide/

TLm Fathead minnow 0.0071-0.55 mg/l at 6-24 °C/96 hr flow through bioassay. /Hydrogen sulfide/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Fly inhalation 1500 mg/cu m/7 min. /Hydrogen sulfide/

TLm Gammarus 0.84 mg/l/96 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ /Hydrogen sulfide/

TLm Ephemera 0.316 mg/l/96 hr. /Hydrogen sulfide/

TLm Fathead minnow 0.0071-0.55 mg/l at 6-24 °C/96 hr flow through bioassay. /Hydrogen sulfide/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2318; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization

UN 2949; Sodium hydrosulfide, with not less than 25% water of crystallization

IMO 4.2; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization

IMO 8.0; Sodium hydrosulfide, with not less than 25% water of crystallization

49 352 68; Sodium hydrosulfide, solution

49 352 67; Sodium hydrosulfide, solid with not less than 25% water of crystallization

49 167 38; Sodium hydrosulfide, solid (with less than 25% water of crystallization)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Spontaneously Combustible

Corrosive Poison

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.