Fluorosilicic acid

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290 (26.6%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302 (22.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (10.7%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (27.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (10.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P234, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 391 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air; get medical attention.

INGESTION: give large amounts of water; do NOT induce vomiting.

EYES: immediately wash with water for 15 min.; call a physician.

SKIN: wash affected parts with water; treat as for hydrogen fluoride burn with iced benzalkonium chloride soaks. (USCG, 1999)

Get medical attention.

INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES: Flush with water for at least 15 min., lifting lids occasionally.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush with water.

INGESTION: Dilute with milk, lime water, or aluminum hydroxide. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Avoid direct contact between water and acid.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide or water spray on adjacent fires. (USCG, 1999)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire in the surroundings: all extinguishing agents allowed.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable iron containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable iron containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place (extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus).

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Processes in which there is potential exposure hazard should be equipped with local exhaust ventilation and should, where possible, be mechanized. Workers should not consume food or beverages in workplace and rigorous personal hygiene should be observed before meals are taken. /fluorine & compounds/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Lime. (USCG, 1999)

Separated from strong bases and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

The more concentrated solution (but not the anhydrous liquid) can be stored in glass, although some etching will take place around the surface. Usually stored in iron containers.

/Store/ separated from strong bases, food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3], as F, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

1.3 [mg/m3]

14 [mg/m3]

85 [mg/m3]

2.5 [mg/m3], as F

250.0 [mg/m3], as F

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the bones and teeth. This may result in fluorosis.

Rubber gloves; safety glasses; protective clothing (USCG, 1999)

Wear full impervious protective clothing and approved respirator. Where splashing is possible wear full face shield or chemical safety goggles. Use approved respirator to protect against vapors. (USCG, 1999)

Workers handling dangerous substances should be supplied with eye and face protection, respiratory protective equipment, protective clothing /as well as/ foot and leg protection. Additional protection may be provided by use of lanolin as barrier cream. /fluorine & compounds/

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Fluorosilicic acid appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a penetrating pungent odor. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Both the fumes and very short contact with the liquid can cause severe and painful burns. Used in water fluoridation, in hardening cement and ceramics, as a wood preservative.

Hydrofluorosilicic acid (25% or less) is a colorless to straw yellow liquid with a slightly acrid odor. Transported in special plastic bottles because material attacks glass.

Liquid; CBI; Wet Solid

Colorless liquid with a sour, pungent odor; [HSDB] Aqueous solution (<=35% fluorosilicic acid): Clear light yellow liquid; [Aldrich MSDS]

FUMING COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Transparent, colorless, fuming liquid

Sour, pungent

212 °F at 760 mmHg (water) approx. (USCG, 1999)

Decomposes. (USCG, 1999)

-4 °F (USCG, 1999)

DECOMP AT MP; DELIQUESCENT; WHITE CRYSTALS; SOL IN ALKALI; SOL IN COLD AND HOT WATER /DIHYDRATE/

SOL IN COLD & HOT WATER; SLIGHTLY IN ALKALI /60.97% SOLN/

Solubility in water: miscible

1.3 at 77 °F (approx.) (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.25 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Density @ 17.5 °C: 5% solution, 1.0407; 10% solution, 1.0834; 15% solution, 1.1281; 20% solution, 1.1748; 25% solution, 1.2235; 30% solution, 1.2742; 34% solution, 1.3162.

CORROSIVE; DENSITY: 1.4634 AT 25 °C; DECOMP AT BP /60.97% SOLN/

Relative density (water = 1):

1.0407 @ 17.5°C

Fumes in air /dihydrate/.

Fumes in air /60.97% solution/

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /fluorides/.

Attacks glass and stoneware

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.3465 AT 25 °C/D

When anhydrous dissociates almost instantly into SiF4 and HF; a 60-70% solution solidifies around 19 °C forming crystalline dihydrate; may be distilled without decomposition only as 13.3% aqueous solution; fairly strong acid; the more concentrated solutions (but not the anhydrous liquid) can be stored in glass, although some etching will take place around the surface; usually stored in iron containers.

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acids, Inorganic

Corrosives

Reactive agents - 1st degree

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Fumes in air. Soluble in water with release of heat and corrosive fumes.

Soluble in water.

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Fluoride Salts, Soluble

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Known Catalytic Activity

Water-Reactive

FLUOROSILICIC ACID can react with strong acids (such as sulfuric acid) to release fumes of toxic hydrogen fluoride. Attacks glass and materials containing silica. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). Reacts with active metals, including iron and aluminum to dissolve the metal and liberate hydrogen and/or toxic gases. Can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases are also often generated by reactions with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and weak or strong reducing agents. Additional gas-generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. Can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Decomposes when heated to the boiling point to produce very toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride gas.

HYDROFLUOROSILICIC ACID (25% OR LESS) can react with strong acids (such as sulfuric acid) to release fumes of toxic hydrogen fluoride. Attacks glass and materials containing silica. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). Reacts with active metals, including iron and aluminum to dissolve the metal and liberate hydrogen and/or toxic gases. Can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases are also often generated by reactions with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and weak or strong reducing agents. Additional gas-generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. Can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Decomposes when heated to the boiling point to produce very toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride gas.

Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes.

The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive. ...Attacks glass and stoneware. This substance (anhydrous form) dissociates almost instantly into silicon tetrafluoride and corrosive and toxic hydrogen fluoride.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

4-5(?). 4= Very toxic: Probable oral lethal dose (human) 50-5000 mg/kg, between 1 tsp and 1 oz for 70 kg person (150 lb). 5= Extremely toxic: Probable oral lethal dose (human) 5-50 mg/kg, between 7 drops and 1 teaspoon for 70 kg person (150 lb).

LD50 Rat oral 430 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 200 mg/kg (1.39 mmol/kg)

Morphological changes in the skin of animals were studied after application of concentrated hydrofluoric and hexafluorosilicic acid. The intact skin was not generally affected by these acids. Areas injured before application of the acid showed, however, a continuous spreading of necrosis in the deeper regions. The first histological changes were noticed 1 hr after the application. Such early histological findings could be seen long before any macroscopic reaction. The main characteristic findings were the hypocellular necrosis and edema reaching as far as the subcutis. The necrosis showed sharp leukocyte demarcations.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapor of this substance may cause lung edema. ...The symptoms of lung edema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ On the morning of September 6, 1994, a tanker truck spilling 4500 gallons of fluorosilicic acid on Interstate 4 near Deltona, Florida, covering an area 600 feet long and 60 feet wide, resulted in the evacuation of approximately 2300 people form their homes into shelters. Later in the day, fumes were detected in the Deltona Woods neighborhood; because the acid could by carried by the wind, everyone within a mile radius was evacuated. ...More than 50 people went to hospitals, complaining of skin and respiratory irritation, including burning in the throat, and headaches. An individual riding in a truck with his arm out the window experienced burning on his forearm.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Can cause severe irritation to the lungs, nose and throat if swallowed, can cause severe damage to throat and stomach. ...Prolonged exposure could result in bone changes, corrosive effect on mucous membranes including ulceration of nose, throat and bronchial tubes, cough, shock, pulmonary edema, Fluorosis, coma and death.

/CASE REPORTS/ Risk of fluorosis was studied in 50 workers engaged for approx 30 yr in production of phosphate fertilizers. Concentrations of gaseous fluoride (HF, SiF4, and H2SrF6) ranged from 0.04 to 0.17 mg/cu m. Increased bone density was found in 9 workers, but no signs of disability were detected.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In rats given fluorosilicic acid (430 mg/kg), somnolence and/or general depressed activity was observed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Fluoride (F) is known to affect mineralizing tissues, but effects upon the developing brain have not been previously considered. This study in Sprague-Dawley rats compares behavior, body weight, plasma and brain F levels after exposures during late gestation, at weaning or in adults. For prenatal exposures, dams received injections (SC) of 0.13 mg/kg /sodium fluoride/ (NaF) or saline on gestational days 14-18 or 17-19. Weanlings received drinking water containing 0, 75, 100, or 125 ppm F for 6 or 20 weeks, and 3 month-old adults received water containing 100 ppm F for 6 weeks. Behavior was tested in a computer pattern recognition system that classified acts in a novel environment and quantified act initiations, total times and time structures. Fluoride exposures caused sex- and dose-specific behavioral deficits with a common pattern. Males were most sensitive to prenatal day 17-19 exposure, whereas females were more sensitive to weanling and adult exposures. After fluoride ingestion, the severity of the effect on behavior increased directly with plasma F levels and F concentrations in specific brain regions. Such association is important considering that plasma levels in this rat model (0.059 to 0.640 ppm F) are similar to those reported in humans exposed to high levels of fluoride. /Fluoride in drinking water/

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for FLUOSILICIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1778; Fluosilicic acid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C; R: 34; S: (1/2)-26-27-45; Note: B

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II