Edifenphos

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Clear yellow to light brown liquid; [Merck Index]

Yellow to light brown liquid... .

Clear yellow to light-brown liquid

Characteristic odor

154 °C/1 Pa

In n-hexane 20-50, dichloromethane, isopropanol, toluene 200 (all in g/l, 20 °C). Readily soluble in methanol, acetone, benzene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride and dioxane. Sparingly soluble in heptane.

In water, 56 mg/l @ 20 °C

0.056 mg/mL at 20 °C

1.251 g/cu cm (20 °C)

0.00000027 [mmHg]

2.70X10-7 mm Hg @ 25 °C

log Kow = 3.48

Stable in neutral media. Hydrolysed by strong acids and alkalis; at 25 °C, DT50 19 days (pH 7), 2 days (pH 9). Degradable in the presence of light.

At 25 °C decomposition occurs in 49 hr at pH 9 and in 1,135 hr at pH 7.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /phosphorous and sulfur oxides/.

162.0 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: APCI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID7041910]

169.1 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID7041910]

162.2 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID7041910]

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Fungicides

Pesticide (Edifenphos) -> USDA PDB

Incompatible with alkaline materials.

Other Poison - Organophosphate

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

LC50 (rat) = 650 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat female ip 25.5 mg/kg

LD50 Rat male ip 66.5 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 100 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 650 mg/cu m/ 4hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Because different classes of enzymes may be inhibited, the effects of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning may be complex and potentially at least could involve interactions with drugs as well as with other pesticides or chemicals. Potentiation may also involve solvents or other components of formulated pesticides. Certain drugs such a phenothiazines, antihistamines, CNS depressants, barbiturates, xanthines (theophylline), aminoglycosides and parasympathomimetic agents are to be avoided because of increased toxicity. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Airway protection. Ensure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. Depending on the severity of poisoning, doses of atropine ranging from very low to...high... . The objective of atropine antidotal therapy is to antagonize the effects of excessive concentrations of acetylcholine at end-organs having muscarinic receptors. Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. Favorable response to a test dose of atropine can help differentiate poisoning by anticholinesterase agents from other conditions. However, lack of response, with no evidence of atropinization (atropine refractoriness) is typical of more severe poisonings. The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. ...Do not administer atropine or pralidoxime prophylactically to workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Prophylactic dosage with either atropine or pralidoxime may mask early signs and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning and thus allow the worker to continue exposure and possibly progress to more severe poisoning. Atropine itself may enhance the health hazards of the agricultural work setting: impaired heat loss due to reduced sweating and impaired ability to operate mechanical equipment due to blurred vision. This can be caused by mydriasis, one of the effects of atropine. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules...of glycopyrolate were added to...saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. This may represent an alternative when there is a concern for respiratory infection due to excessive and difficult to control secretions, and in the presence of altered level of consciousness where the distinction between atropine toxicity or relapse of organophosphate poisoning is unclear. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administration pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Measurement of whole blood-AChE is the most widely adopted method for monitoring the effects of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Physiological variations in blood ChE levels occur in a healthy person and are seen among a population. It has been estimated that the coefficient of variation for AChE activity in samples from an individual is 8-11%, and that a decrease of 23% below pre-exposure level may, therefore, be considered significant. If the average of several pre-exposure values were available, then a decrease of 17% would be significant. It has been recommended that, if measured activity is reduced by 30% or more of the pre-exposure value, AChE measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals to confirm the results. Depressions of AChE or ChE in excess of 20-25% are considered diagnostic of exposure but not, necessarily, indicative of hazard. Depressions of 30-50% or more are considered indicators for removal of an exposed individual from further contact with pesticides until levels return to normal. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

...Organophosphorus pesticides may undergo hydrolysis in vivo to yield substituted phosphoric acids that are subsequently excreted in urine. Advances in gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have made it possible to analyse the urine of exposed persons for the presence of appropriate metabolites. It is usually necessary to preserve the sample by the addition of chloroform, to concentrate or extract the metabolite(s), and to convert them to suitably-volatile derivatives that can be detected by GC. Obviously, access to a well-equipped analytical laboratory, capable of the quick processing of samples, is a necessary factor if monitoring by urine analysis is proposed. However, in some cases, simpler and sensitive colorimetric tests are available for screening the urine of exposed persons. Thus, 4-nitrophenol can be measured directly in the urine of workers exposed to parathion. Consideration of the concentration of metabolite(s) in the urine can be helpful in determining patterns of exposure, and these concentrations can be calibrated against the effects on AChE for a particular pesticide. However, the time-course and peak of excretion of metabolites appears to vary according to dose, so that serial sampling and analyses of urine are desirable. Levels of metabolite alone cannot be considered a guide to hazard. This is obvious when it is realized that pesticides that have very different toxicities may yield identical acidic metabolites. Thus, the level of metabolites in urine, after exposure to sufficient amounts of the very toxic parathion-methyl to depress blood-AChE to 50%, will be much lower than that of the identical metabolites, following exposure to the related fenitrothion, which is about 40 times less toxic. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...In human subjects sufficiently exposed to organophosphates to depress plasma- or erythrocyte-ChEs, some or all of the following behavioral variables might be impaired. In cognition: vigilance, information processing and psychomotor speed, and memory; in speech: both performance and perception; in psychic state: increased tendencies to depression, anxiety, and irritability; and in EEG records: a tendency to faster frequencies and higher voltages. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Respiratory and ocular symptoms are expected to appear first after exposure to airborne organophosphorus pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Signs and symptoms of acute intoxication by organophosphorus insecticides include muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Symptoms may develop rapidly, or there may be a delay of several hours after exposure before they become evident. The delay tends to be longer in the case of more lipophilic compounds, which also require metabolic activation. Symptoms may increase in severity for more than one day and may last for several days. In severe cases, respiratory failure is a dominant effect. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The clinical picture of organophosphorus intoxication results from accumulation of ACh at nerve endings. ...The symptoms can be summarized in three groups as follows: (a) Muscarinic manifestations- increased bronchial secretion, excessive sweating, salivation, and lachrymation; pinpoint pupils, bronchoconstriction, abdominal cramps (vomiting and diarrhea); and bradycardia. (b) Nicotinic manifestations- fasciculation of fine muscles and, in more severe cases, of diaphragm and respiratory muscles; and tachycardia. (c) Central nervous system manifestations- headache, dizziness, restlessness, and anxiety; mental confusion, convulsions, and coma; and depression of the respiratory centre. All these symptoms can occur in different combinations and can vary in time of onset, sequence, and duration, depending on the chemical, dose, and route of exposure. Mild poisoning might include muscarinic and nicotinic signs only. Severe cases always show central nervous system involvement; the clinical picture is dominated by respiratory failure, sometimes leading to pulmonary edema, due to the combination of the above-mentioned symptoms. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Slightly irritating to skin; not irritating to eyes (rabbits).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The effects of oral administration of 0-ethyl-SS-diphenyl-phosphodithioate (edifenphos) on biochemical changes in plasma and liver tissues were investigated in rats. Weanling Wistar-rats were divided into groups and treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 milligrams (mg) per kilogram edifenphos incorporated in the diet. After 8 weeks of treatment rats were starved for 12 hours and then killed. Treatments with 20 and 40mg/kg edifenphos resulted in increased relative liver weight, hepatic concentrations of phospholipids, microsomal proteins, and cytochrome-P-450, and activities of aminopyrine-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. No changes occurred in hydroxylase and glucuronyltransferase activities at any dose tested. Plasma cholinesterase was partially inhibited at 20 and 40 mg/kg. Among lipids, only total plasma cholesterol was elevated significantly in rats treated with 40 mg/kg. No adverse effect was observed in rats treated with edifenphos at 10 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The author concludes that edifenphos belongs to a group of liver mixed function oxidase inducers that change only plasma cholesterol concentrations.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Groups of dogs (2 male and 2 female/group, controls had 3 of each sex) were fed edifenphos in the diet at /dietary/ levels of 0, 3, 10 and 30 ppm for 90 days. There was no mortality over the course of the study and growth, food consumption, behaviour and general appearance were normal. Clinical chemistry, hematology and urinalysis values were normal at one and 3 months (except for a slight increase of SDH activity at only one month in both males and females at 30 ppm). Blood cholinesterase activity was depressed in both plasma and RBC (to the same extent in both enzyme sources) at the highest dose. As with rodent studies, there was no evidence of cumulative activity over the 3 month interval. Gross and microscopic examination of tissues and organs revealed no adverse effects of edifenphos in the diet. A slight increase in the absolute and relative weight of the spleen at 30 ppm was not accompanied by microscopic lesions (other than minimal) congestion and probable hemosiderin deposition)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Groups of rats (50 male and 50 female rats/group, 100 of each sex were used as controls) were fed edifenphos in the diet at concentrations of 0, 2, 5, 15, and 150 ppm for two years. Mortality was unaffected during the two years. Growth, behavior and physical appearance were normal in all groups. Hematology, blood chemistry and urinalysis parameters were normal. A slight decrease in alkaline phosphatase at 150 ppm was considered to be within the normal range for the animals. Cholinesterase depression was observed in plasma and RBC of both sexes at 150 ppm. Brain cholinesterase was depressed only in females at 150 ppm. Gross and microscopic examinations were performed on surviving animals. No abnormal, dose-related events were recorded in the gross examination. A slight increase in adrenal size of males at 15 ppm and above was not reflected in changes observed under microscopic examination. Histopathological examination of tissues and organs revealed luminal deposits of calcium salts in the medulary tubules of male rats fed 15 and 150 ppm diets accompanied in the high dose group by an increased incidence of glomerulonephrosis in males. These changes were not noted in females. A complete examination of tumors was performed revealing no indication of carcinogenic potential. The frequency of both benign and malignant tumors was typical of the rat strain used in the study. A no-effect dietary level, based on the microscopic examination observing slight kidney changes, was 5 ppm equivalent to 0.30 mg/kg body weight.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Bobwhite quail oral 290 mg/kg

LD50 Mallard duck oral 2,700 mg/kg

LC50 Cyprinus carpio 1.3 mg/l/48 hr

LC50 Rainbow trout 0.43 mg ai/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Edifenphos's former production in the US may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide results in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.7X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates edifenphos will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase edifenphos will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.7 hrs. Particulate-phase edifenphos will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, edifenphos is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,900. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. During a field-study, edifenphos, applied at a rate of 5.0 mg on a paddy field soil, disappeared in 39 days with a half-life of 5-6 days. If released into water, edifenphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values ranging from 28.8 to 40.6 for fish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Edifenphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis. Hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7 and 9 are 19 and 2 days, respectively. Occupational exposure to edifenphos may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where edifenphos is used in the US. (SRC)

Edifenphos's former production in the US may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide(1) results in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,900(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that edifenphos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of edifenphos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.7X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 56 mg/l(5). Edifenphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). During a field-study, edifenphos, applied at a rate of 5.0 mg on a paddy field soil in Japan, disappeared in 39 days with a half-life of 5-6 days(6). The percent degradation of edifenphos on a silica gel plate was greater than that observed for distilled water(7). Results suggest that edifenphos on the surface of solids such as agricultural leaves and clay particles are readily degraded as compared to natural water(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,900(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that edifenphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.7X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 56 mg/l(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCFs values ranging from 28.8 to 40.6 for fish(7) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Edifenphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis(5). Hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7 and 9 are 19 and 2 days, respectively(5). Based on a field study in soil(8), edifenphos is also expected to degrade in aqueous systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), edifenphos, which has a vapor pressure of 2.7X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase edifenphos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.7 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase edifenphos may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

ANAEROBIC: Using adapted bacteria, edifenphos was found to degrade faster under flooded conditions compared to non-flooded conditions(1). Edifenphos was recovered at 42% from autoclaved soils compared to 10% recovery from non-autoclaved soils(1). During a field-study, edifenphos, applied at a rate of 5.0 mg on a paddy field soil in Japan, disappeared in 39 days with a half-life of 5-6 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of edifenphos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8.7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Edifenphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis(2). The fifty-percent disappearance times at pH 7 and 9 are 19 and 2 days, respectively(2). Edifenphos is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental portion of the UV spectrum (>290 nm)(SRC).

Whole fish BCFs for female guppy, male guppy, killifish, gold fish, and white cloud mountain fish are measured as 40.6, 29.3, 28.8, 38.9, and 29.3, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), BCF values ranging from 28.8 to 40.6 for fish(1) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of edifenphos is estimated as 1,900(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.48(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that edifenphos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

LD50 Bobwhite quail oral 290 mg/kg

LD50 Mallard duck oral 2,700 mg/kg

LC50 Cyprinus carpio 1.3 mg/l/48 hr

LC50 Rainbow trout 0.43 mg ai/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Edifenphos's former production in the US may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide results in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.7X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates edifenphos will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase edifenphos will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.7 hrs. Particulate-phase edifenphos will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, edifenphos is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,900. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. During a field-study, edifenphos, applied at a rate of 5.0 mg on a paddy field soil, disappeared in 39 days with a half-life of 5-6 days. If released into water, edifenphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values ranging from 28.8 to 40.6 for fish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Edifenphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis. Hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7 and 9 are 19 and 2 days, respectively. Occupational exposure to edifenphos may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where edifenphos is used in the US. (SRC)

Edifenphos's former production in the US may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide(1) results in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,900(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that edifenphos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of edifenphos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.7X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 56 mg/l(5). Edifenphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). During a field-study, edifenphos, applied at a rate of 5.0 mg on a paddy field soil in Japan, disappeared in 39 days with a half-life of 5-6 days(6). The percent degradation of edifenphos on a silica gel plate was greater than that observed for distilled water(7). Results suggest that edifenphos on the surface of solids such as agricultural leaves and clay particles are readily degraded as compared to natural water(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,900(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that edifenphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.7X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 56 mg/l(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCFs values ranging from 28.8 to 40.6 for fish(7) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Edifenphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis(5). Hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7 and 9 are 19 and 2 days, respectively(5). Based on a field study in soil(8), edifenphos is also expected to degrade in aqueous systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), edifenphos, which has a vapor pressure of 2.7X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase edifenphos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.7 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase edifenphos may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

ANAEROBIC: Using adapted bacteria, edifenphos was found to degrade faster under flooded conditions compared to non-flooded conditions(1). Edifenphos was recovered at 42% from autoclaved soils compared to 10% recovery from non-autoclaved soils(1). During a field-study, edifenphos, applied at a rate of 5.0 mg on a paddy field soil in Japan, disappeared in 39 days with a half-life of 5-6 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of edifenphos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8.7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Edifenphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis(2). The fifty-percent disappearance times at pH 7 and 9 are 19 and 2 days, respectively(2). Edifenphos is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental portion of the UV spectrum (>290 nm)(SRC).

Whole fish BCFs for female guppy, male guppy, killifish, gold fish, and white cloud mountain fish are measured as 40.6, 29.3, 28.8, 38.9, and 29.3, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), BCF values ranging from 28.8 to 40.6 for fish(1) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of edifenphos is estimated as 1,900(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.48(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that edifenphos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for edifenphos is estimated as 7.6X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.7X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 56 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that edifenphos is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(3). The volatilization rate of edifenphos from the surface of aqueous solution was found to be 8.8X10-9 m/hr(4). Edifenphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Between Apr-Aug 1996, edifenphos was detected in the Shinano River, Japan at 3 sites; concns ranged from 10 to 16 ng/l (n=12)(1).

RAIN: Pesticide residues in rainwater were investigated for the estimation of pesticide flux into a lake in Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan) during the 1990 rainy season(1). The max concn of edifenphos in rainwater was estimated to be 0.36 ug/l(1).

SOIL: Edifenphos was detected in a few soil samples from 108 districts (in Korea) in year 1982(1).

Although no longer produced in the US, occupational exposure to edifenphos may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where edifenphos is used. (SRC)

Secondary exposure of children through contact with their parents' contaminated clothing can also occur. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for EDIFENPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Marine Pollutant