chlormephos

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (97.6%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised.

Note: Chlormephos is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Chlormephos Exposure: Acute exposure to chlormephos may produce the following signs and symptoms: sweating, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, profound weakness, muscle spasms, seizures and coma. Mental confusion and psychosis may occur. Excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to chlormephos exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chlormephos.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chlormephos.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of chlormephos is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of chlormephos may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3- 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) This material may burn, but does not ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHLORMEPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.059 [mg/m3]

0.65 [mg/m3]

3.9 [mg/m3]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached.

Cholinesterase inhibition. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory depression. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

NO open flames.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Chlormephos is a colorless liquid. Used as a soil insecticide. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)

Water-white liquid; [Merck Index] Colorless liquid; [ICSC]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colorless liquid

Pale-colored liquid.

178 to 185 °F at 0.1 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

81-85 °C at 0.1 mm Hg

>100 °C

60 mg/l water at 20 °C

Miscible with most organic solvents

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.006 (very poor)

1.26 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.260 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.26

1.26 @25 °C

0.0056 mmHg at 86 °F (EPA, 1998)

7.6 Pa at 30 °C

Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible

0.0056 [mm Hg] @30 °C

3.0 (estimated)

Stable in neutral and weakly acidic media at room temp, but hydrolyzed by dilute acids and alkalis at 30 °C. Rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline media.

Corrosive to some metals.

Index of refraction: 1.5244

Stable in neutral and weakly acidic media at room temperature, but hydrolyzed by dilute acids and alkalis at 80 °C. Rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline media.

Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Slightly soluble in water [Farm Chemicals Handbook].

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Organophosphates, such as CHLORMEPHOS, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Dizziness. Nausea. Sweating. Muscle twitching. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Laboured breathing. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Blurred vision.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

Other Poison - Organophosphate

LC50 (rat) = 88 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat oral 7 mg/kg

LD50 Rat percutaneous 27 mg ai/kg

NOEL rat = 0.39 mg/kg diet /90-day feeding trials/

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/

For immediate first aid: ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organophosphates and related compounds/

For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer ... water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... /Organophosphates and related compounds/

Preservative-free atropine should be used to avoid toxicity from preservative agents. Mydriasis may occur early in the administration of atropine; however the endpoint for atropine administration is the drying of pulmonary secretions. /Organophosphates and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CHLORMEPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications /meaning further clinical evaluations/ for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should /be protected from exposure from/ pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

... There is no change in red blood cell cholinesterase activity in adults associated with age. ... Activity of this enzyme increases progressively during the first year of life, it is higher in children under 3 yr of age than in older children, and it is markedly higher in 5 yr old children than in 3 yr olds. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

Cholinesterase activity of plasma is significantly higher in men than in women, and this is true no matter which of several choline esters are used as substrate in measuring the enzyme activity. According to some, the difference is confined to young people. There is no sex difference in the red cell enzyme activity. Serum cholinesterase activity of blacks tends to be lower than whites of the same sex. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Organophosphate insecticides ... are potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the chlorinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. Typical findings are given by the mnemonic "SLUD." which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. A small percentage of patients may fail to demonstrate miosis, a classic diagnostic hallmark. Onset of clinical manifestation of organophosphate poisoning usually occurs within 12 hr of exposure. /Organophosphate insecticides/

A woman at 34 to 35 weeks' gestation presented in acute respiratory distress with cyanosis and tachypnea and bilateral rhonchi and crepitation. Her heart rate was 78 beats per min and her blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, with a fetal heart rate of 140 beats per min. The mother was salivating markedly and her pupils were reduced to "pinpoint size." An uncorrected metabolic acidosis was diagnosed. Serum and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase determinations were near zero. Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning was felt to be the likely cause of her disorders. Administration of atropine 2.4 mg iv bolus with infusion of 0.02 mg/kg/hr lead to unacceptable fetal tachycardia. The woman had shown increased cooperativeness and secretion control until the atropine had to be stopped. A cesarean section was performed for delivery of a hypotonic infant with a 1 min Apgar score of 3. The baby was mechanically ventilated for 2 days and required atropine therapy at 0.1 mg/kg/hr for 8 days. The mother required 8 days of mechanical ventilation and 11 days of atropine therapy. In this case, the infant appeared relatively less poisoned than the mother by a presumed organophosphate exposure. /Organophosphate poisoning/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORMEPHOS (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Toxic to fish and bees.

In adult cattle the minimum toxic oral dose of organophosphate pesticides varies from 1 to 125 mg/kg; the minimum toxic dermal concentration varies from 0.5 to 3%, but these figures are not sacred. The literature is not complete with regard to animal toxicity of organophosphates; even if it were, toxicity values would not be reliable because of the number of factors that influence toxicity of these chemicals under different conditions of use. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Biologic factors also influence toxicity of organophosphates. Species is very important here. ... Age of the animal is another biologic factor that alters toxicity of organophosphate pesticides. Compounds that do not require enzymatic activation are more toxic in very young animals in which the enzymes of pesticide degradation are deficient. Compounds that require enzymatic activation are not so toxic for very young animals because the enzymes of activation are deficient during the early weeks of life. Sex of the animals can also alter toxicity of organophosphates ... . /Organophosphate pesticides/

Some anticholinesterase organic phosphorous compounds interfere with temperature control and make the body temperature of rats and mice abnormally dependent on the environmental temperature ... No such effect was observed in guinea pigs or rabbits. The effect in rats .. and in mice ... was partially prevented by atropine, suggesting that it is related to cholinesterase inhibition. /Organic phosphorous pesticides/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORMEPHOS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlormephos technical (CAS # 24934-91-6; 93.4% pure) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in young, pure-bred beagle dogs (1 male and 1 female/dose level) administered single doses of 10, 12.5, 15 and 20 mg/kg in gelatin capsules. Both dogs of a 20 mg/kg dose were sacrificed in extremis at 4 hours and 6 hours post-dosing respectively. Also, the dogs of a 15 mg/kg dose died overnight on the day of dosing and the male of a 12.5 mg/kg dose was dead on Day 2. An approximate Oral LD50 for beagle dogs was 12.5 mg/kg. Universal pharmacotoxic signs were resolved by Day 2 in the female of a 12.5 mg/kg dose and both animals of a 10 mg/kg dose surviving treatment and 2-week post-treatment observation. A transient weight loss noted in these surviving dogs was also resolved without apparent sequelae within a few days of dosing. Overt toxic signs including subdued behavior, muscular fasciculations, vomiting, and high- stepping gait with hind limb incoordination ensued from 60 to 90 minutes after dosing at all treatment levels. Blood stained liquid feces, blood stained mucous, dark feces, ataxia, violent muscular spasms, ptosis, prostration and shallow breathing characterized the responses to doses over 10 mg/kg. Upon terminal macroscopic examination, survivors of 14-day observation after dosing at 10 mg/kg exhibited no gross pathology related to treatment. The surviving female of a 12.5 mg/kg dose was found with focal congestion of the duodenum and pyloric antrum, close to the sphincter. Macroscopic findings associated with treatment among study lethalities included blood at the anal sphincter (12.5 mg/kg), severe duodenal congestion enclosing free blood (12.5 mg/kg male), moderate to severe mucosal congestion of the small and large intestine (12.5-20 mg/kg), free digested blood in the gastrointestinal tract (15-20 mg/kg), and mucosal congestion of the urinary bladder (15-20 mg/kg).

Chlormephos technical (CAS # 24934-91-6; 94.4% pure) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. Based on preliminary results from pilot study, Sprague-Dawley derived outbred albino rats (10/sex/group) were administered single doses of 15, 25, 35, 50 and 75 mg/kg bodyweight (10 ml/kg in corn oil) by oral gavage. Treatment was associated with mortality comprising an LD50 of 27 mg/kg b.w. with 95% confidence limits of 21.3 - 34.3 mg/kg b.w. in males and 18 mg/kg b.w. with 95% confidence limits of 14.0 - 23.2 mg/kg b.w. in females as follows: 15 mg/kg b.w. (2/10M, 2/10F); 25 mg/kg b.w. (4/10M, 9/10F), 35 mg/kg b.w. (8/10M, 10/10F), 50 mg/kg b.w. (7/10M, 10/10F), and 75 mg/kg b.w. (10/10M, 10/10F). The average time-to-death was greater for males than females except following 75 mg/kg doses, whereupon average survival was 0.7 days for females and 0.2 days for males. The surviving rats showed signs of recovery of toxic effects with weight gains by Day 4, save the solitary surviving female of a 25 mg/kg b.w. dose which did not gain weight until Day 10. Pharmacotoxic signs included mild to severe depression, trembling, salivation, lacrimation, wet belly, occasional ataxia, prostration and death. A shorter time to onset and greater severity of toxic signs reflected increasing dose levels. All survivors were cleared of overt toxicity by post-treatment Day 7. Hyperemic liver and kidneys, hemorrhagic lungs and urinary bladders, and sloughing and/or inflammation with erosion of the stomach mucosa were noted upon macroscopic examination of the study lethalities. Survivors of 14-day post-treatment observation were free of any treatment-related gross pathology on terminal necropsy.

Chlormephos (CAS # 24934-91-6) technical was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity. New Zealand albino rabbits (6/sex/treatment level) were administered single dermal applications of 10, 20, 40, 70 and 100 mg/kg bodyweight (2 ml/kg) for 24 hours, upon occluded abraded and intact application sites in half (3/6) of each treatment group respectively. Actual doses adjusted for a minimal purity level of 93% (purity as determined by GLC was 94.4%) were calculated as 10.2, 20.4, 40.8, 70.2 and 101.2 mg/kg b.w.; The substance pH was 3.01. During the 24-hour treatment period, treated rabbits were immobilized in stocks and observed frequently for acute signs of toxicity. Treatment-related mortality was consistent with a Dermal LD50 in male rabbits of 31 mg/kg b.w.. with 95% confidence limits of 16.8 to 57.4 mg/kg b.w. and in female rabbits of 62 mg/kg b.w. with 95% confidence limits of 36.5 to 105.4 mg/kg b.w. (by a method of Litchfield & Wilcoxon) as follows: 10 mg/kg (2/6M, 0/6F), 20 mg/kg (1/6M, 0/6F), 40 mg/kg (3/6M, 2/6F), 70 mg/kg (5/6M, 3/6F), and 100 mg/kg (6/6M, 6/6F). Excepting the deaths of a male and a female of 10 mg/kg b.w. doses on Day 1 and Day 5 respectively, all mortality occurred on the day of treatment (Day 0). No distinction in mortality or time-to-death was noted between treatment upon abraded or intact skin. Overt toxicity was universal among treatment levels and characterized by depression, dyspnea, ataxia, and diarrhea at 10 mg/kg b.w.; Tremor, salivation, cyanosis and convulsions were additionally observed in association with exposures above 10 mg/kg b.w.. The severity of symptoms bore a positive correlation to level of treatment. Weight loss accorded Day 0 (treatment day) due to restraint of the rabbits in stocks was regained by post-treatment Day 7 in the study survivors of 14-day observation. Upon necropsy, early lethalities (within a few hours of treatment) exhibited no gross pathological indicators of toxic etiology as was the case with most of the study survivors. Animals surviving 12-24 hours of high dermal exposures were found with hemorrhagic lungs and hemorrhagic and/or enlarged thymus. Three (3/6) decedent rabbits of a 100 mg/kg dermal exposure exhibited focal inflammation in the stomach with mucosal sloughing. Mottled or hemorrhagic and fibrous kidneys were also noted in the 3 females surviving 20 mg/kg applications upon abraded skin. No dermal irritation at the sites of application was noted on any animal of any treatment level.

Chlormephos (CAS # 24934-91-6) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in CFHB strain albino rats (10/sex/treatment level) administered whole-body exposures to nominal aerosol concentrations of 0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/l for one hour. The liquid sample was injected by syringe through an atomizer and into a current of dry air at rates regulated for the generation of serial aerosol concentrations by a Palmer slow injection apparatus. The aerosol was generated continuously for respective hour-long exposure periods and supplied to solitary rats restrained inside exposure chambers. Actual aerosol concentrations were less than target concentrations as evidenced by substance precipitate recovered on the chamber lids, however no attempt was made during the exposures to measure ambient concentrations. Mortality associated with treatment was consistent with an 1-Hour LC50 of 3.8 mg/l as follows: 1 mg/l (0/10M, 0/10F), 3.0 mg/l (1/10M, 4/10F), 4.0 mg/l (8/10M, 4/10F), and 5.0 mg/l (7/10M, 6/10F). Death occurred from 0.5 hours to 3 days post-exposure. Pharmacotoxic signs were noted from concentration levels of 1 mg/l, increasing in severity and with lesser time to onset with increasing exposure levels. At 1 mg/l, study investigators noted salivation, skin and body tremors, polyuria and increased ocular secretion, slight ataxia and hypoactivity. At doses of 4.0 and 5.0 mg/l, mortality was heralded by emaciation, ataxia, hypoactivity and coma. Food and water consumption were diminished during the first day in all treated animals, with first week weight losses reflective of the exposure level. Acute signs of irritation subsequently resolved in all surviving animals during the first week following exposures, with behavior and rates of weight gain normalizing during the 2nd week of 2-week post-treatment observation. Lethargy was the only persisting treatment-related observation at the termination of 14-day study. Necropsy of the study lethalities revealed moderately generalized congestion of the lung (7/30 decedents) and cervical lymph nodes (6/30 decedents), and clear viscous fluid in the pharynx (6/30). Isolated instances of minimal chronic respiratory disease was noted upon terminal necropsy of study survivors.

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for CHLORMEPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, /alcoholics/, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health /are at elevated risk from the toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides. Those individuals with/ organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Those individuals who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides with pre-existing/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

LC50 Harlequin fish (Rasbora heteromorpha) 4.8 mg/L/24 hr, Flow-through

LC50 Harlequin fish (Rasbora heteromorpha) 3.5 mg/L/48 hr, Flow-through

LC50 Harlequin fish (Rasbora heteromorpha) 2.5 mg/L/96 hr, Flow-through

LD50 Quail oral 260 mg/kg

LC50 harlequin fish = 1.5 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Chlormephos's use as a soil insecticide may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a measured vapor pressure of 0.057 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that chlormephos will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlormephos will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 3.9 hours. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 1100 indicates that chlormephos is expected to have low mobility. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Chlormephos is degraded to ethion in soil. The observed half-life of chlormephos in sandy loam soil was 28 days. If released into water, the estimated Koc indicates that chlormephos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected given the estimated Henry's Law constant for this pesticide. Estimated volatilization half-lives from a model river and lake are 9.1 hours and 7.5 days, respectively. Volatilization may be inhibited by adsorption to sediment in the water column. The potential for bioconcentration is high based on an estimated BCF of 120. Occupational exposure to chlormephos may occur through dermal contact with this pesticide during or after its application. (SRC)

Chlormephos's use as a soil insecticide in maize, sugar beet, fodder beet, sugar cane, potatoes, tobacco, cereals, and other crops(1) may result in its release to the environment(SRC).

In soil, chlormephos is converted to ethion.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1100(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of 3.0(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlormephos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlormephos from moist soil surfaces may be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.057 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 60 mg/l(4). Volatilization may be inhibited by adsorption to soil(SRC). In soil, chlormephos is converted to ethion(4). The half-life of chlormephos in a sandy loam soil was 28 days(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1100(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of 3.0(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlormephos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Chlormephos may volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.057 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 60 mg/l(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9.1 hours and 7.5 days, respectively(3,SRC). Volatilization may be inhibited by adsorption to sediment in the water column(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 120(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlormephos, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.057 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlormephos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3.9 hours(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlormephos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC). In soil, chlormephos is converted to ethion(2). Irradiation (350 nm) of acetonitrile solutions of chlormephos sensitized by alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and benzoin gives several products, O,O-diethyl phosphate being the ultimate oxidation product(3). In the absence of sensitizers, 100% of chlormephos was recovered following irradiation(3). In soil, chlormephos was observed to degrade very quickly(4); the reason for degradation was not stated(SRC). The half-life of chlormephos in a sandy loam soil was 28 days(5).

An estimated BCF of 120 was calculated for chlormephos(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.0(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc of chlormephos is estimated as approximately 1100(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.0(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chlormephos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for chlormephos is estimated as 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.057 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 60 mg/l(1). This value indicates that chlormephos will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 9.1 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 7.5 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from an environmental pond 2 m deep is estimated to be about 10.3 days when considering adsorption to suspended solids and sediment(3). Chlormephos's Henry's Law constant(2,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

Occupational exposure to chlormephos may occur through dermal contact with this pesticide during or after its application. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CHLORMEPHOS (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IMO 6.1; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

IMO 3.2; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Marine pollutant. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 27/28-50/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I