promecarb

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P301+P316, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (97.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P308+P316, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Note: Promecarb is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Promecarb Exposure: Acute exposure to promecarb usually leads to a cholinergic crisis. Signs and symptoms may include increased salivation, profuse sweating, lacrimation (tearing), spontaneous defecation, and spontaneous urination. Pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, tremors, muscle twitching, slight paralysis, and loss of muscle coordination may occur. Malaise, mental confusion, convulsions, unconsciousness, and coma may also be noted. Gastrointestinal effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) occurs frequently. Pulmonary edema, dyspnea (shortness of breath), labored breathing, respiratory depression, or respiratory arrest may also occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to promecarb may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to promecarb.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to promecarb.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of promecarb is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of promecarb may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

(Non-Specific -- Carbamates) Extinguish fire using agent suitable for the surrounding fire, as the material itself burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as a fog. Use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. (Non-Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) This material may burn, but does not ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Hydrolysis: Promecarb should be treated with alkali and then buried. Recommendable methods: Incineration & landfill.

Carefully wash with soap & water any parts or the skin contracted with promecarb.

(Non-Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard areas and deny entry. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Do not touch spilled material or breathe the dusts, vapors, or fumes from burning materials. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material that may have contacted the body with soap and water. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal.

Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.11 [mg/m3]

1.2 [mg/m3]

7.1 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Wear protective clothing when working with undiluted preparation.

Almost odorless, colorless crystalline solid. Used as a non-systemic contact insecticide. Not for sale or use in the USA. (EPA, 1998)

Colorless solid; [Hawley]

COLORLESS CRYSTALLINE SOLID

ALMOST ODORLESS

243 °F at 0.01 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

117 °C AT 0.1 MM HG

345 °C @760 [mm Hg]

189 to 190 °F (EPA, 1998)

87-87.5 °C

SOL IN POLAR ORG SOLVENTS

91 MG/L IN WATER @ ROOM TEMP; 100-200 G/L IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, XYLENE; 200-400G/L IN CYCLOHEXANOL, CYCLOHEXANONE, 2-PROPANOL, METHANOL; 400-600 G/L IN ACETONE, DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE

3e-05 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.00003 [mmHg]

3X10-5 mm Hg @ 25 °C

0.00003 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= 3.10 (measured)

No change at 50 °C for 140 hr, half life @ pH 7, 310 hr & @ pH 9, 5.7 hr.

Hydrolyzed in alkalies

Non-corrosive

157.5 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID4037617]

157.13 Ų [M+Na]+

150.39 Ų [M+H]+

Hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis

Fusion temperature

Melting temperature

Phase transition

Transition enthalpy

Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Carbamate Insecticides

Pesticide (Promecarb) -> USDA PDB

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Carbamates

PROMECARB is a carbamate ester. Carbamates are chemically similar to, but more reactive than amides. Like amides they form polymers such as polyurethane resins. Carbamates are incompatible with strong acids and bases, and especially incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is produced by the combination of active metals or nitrides with carbamates. Strongly oxidizing acids, peroxides, and hydroperoxides are incompatible with carbamates.

Promecarb is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

Inhalation (L793) ; oral (L793); dermal (L793)

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

Other Poison - Carbamate

LC50 (rat) > 160 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat percutaneous > 1000 mg active ingredient (as 50% wp)/kg

LD50 Rabbit percutaneous > 1000 mg active ingredient (as 50% wp)/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 688 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 39.5 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PROMECARB (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Symptomatology: 1. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea & excessive salivation ... sweating. 2. Lassitude & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea and sensation of tightness in chest may occur with inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision. Miosis ... tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation and ocular pain. None of these ... signs ... is dependable for diagnosis. Mydriasis may be seen ... . 5. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculation & twitching of muscles. 6. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretions of saliva and of resp tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales & rhonchi, and hypertension. 7. ... Jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions and coma. 8. Death ... due to resp arrest of central origin, paralysis of resp muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Carbaryl/

... MOST OF AROMATIC CARBAMATE ESTER INSECTICIDES HAVE LOW DERMAL TOXICITIES. /CARBAMATES/

Promecarb was tried on a village scale at the WHO Insecticide Testing Unit in Nigeria, in 1965. Its residual action against adult mosquitos was found very effective. Three spraymen spent 3 days spraying empty houses and then 3 more days spraying an inhabited village. They were under constant medical supervision. There were no complaints, and clinical examination failed to reveal any signs. All the 90 inhabitants of the sprayed village were examined clinically at least once within the fortnight after spraying. The only findings were discrete skin eruptions in two young men. These eruptions, of an obvious contact dermatitis type, caused moderate itching that was relieved by calamine lotion; they disappeared completely in 5 to 6 days. ... The plasma cholinesterase levels were studied among the spraymen and residents by the electrometric, spectrophotometric, and Acholest methods; a significant depression of activity was demonstrated by all three. The plasma cholinesterase activity of the three spraymen was measured daily. All showed depressions from the first day onward. During 3 days of consecutive spraying, the level of activity went steadily down in two of the three spraymen. On the last day of the operation, the plasma cholinesterase activity of one sprayman was about 40.% of its original level when measured by the spectrophotometric and Acholest methods. Three to four days after the end of exposure, plasma cholinesterase activity among the spraymen had not quite returned to the level measured before exposure, but it was normal in 5 days. Among the residents, there was a decrease of plasma cholinesterase activity to about 50% of the prespraying level a week after the end of the spraying operations One month later, there was a general rise, but the plasma cholinesterase levels were still far below the original values.

When tested for malaria control, promecarb caused cholinesterase inhibition amoung both sprayers and villagers but no signs or symptoms in either except for contact dermatitis in two male villagers.

IN 1.5 YR FEEDING TRIALS RATS RECEIVING 5 MG ACTIVE INGREDIENT/KG DAILY SUFFERED NO ILL EFFECT.

Most but not all animals died when rats received promecarb at rates of 50 mg/kg/day for 3 mo and when mice received 20 mg/kg/day for the same period. A much smaller but still significant mortality of rats and mice was caused by dosages of 22 and 8.9 mg/kg/day, respectively. Even these lower dosage levels totally suppressed plasma and brain cholinesterase activity and caused increases in blood sugar levels.

... Dogs tolerated im dosages of promecarb as high a 60 mg/kg and iv dosages as high as 3.0 mg/kg, but not without severe symptoms.

LC50 Trout 0.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carp 4.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LD50 Duck oral 3.5 mg/kg

Promecarb is released directly into the environment from its application and use as a contact insecticide. If released to the atmosphere, gas-phase promecarb is expected to degrade rapidly (estimated half-life of 5 hr) by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. Particulate-phase promecarb may be removed physically from air by wet and dry deposition. If released to water, hydrolysis appears to be an important degradation process. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life has been estimated to be 1.2 days at 25 °C and pH 7; the hydrolysis rate is expected to increase under alkaline conditions, but may decrease significantly in acidic natural waters. If released to soil, promecarb is expected to degrade chemically under moist conditions via hydrolysis with the rate increasing under alkaline conditions and decreasing under acidic conditions. Promecarb may leach moderately in soil, although leaching in neutral and alkaline soils may not be important due to concurrent hydrolysis. The N-methylcarbamate pesticides (of which promecarb is a member) are generally biodegradable and of low soil persistence. Occupational exposure to promecarb may be possible through dermal contact and inhalation to workers involved with applying or formulating promecarb pesticides. (SRC)

Promecarb is used as a non-systemic contact insecticide against lepidopterous pests and leaf miners of fruits(1). Insecticidal applications of promecarb release the compound directly into the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The N-methylcarbamate pesticides (of which promecarb is a member) are generally biodegradable and of low soil persistence(1). Chemical degradation of promecarb in moist soil is expected to proceed via hydrolysis. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life has been estimated to be 1.2 days at 25 °C and pH 7; the hydrolysis rate is expected to increase under alkaline conditions, but decrease with acidity in soil. Promecarb is expected to have low to moderate soil mobility which suggests that some leaching may be possible. Leaching in neutral and alkaline soils may not be significant, however, due to concurrent hydrolysis(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis appears to be an important degradation process for promecarb in water. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life has been estimated to be 1.2 days at 25 °C and pH 7(1); the hydrolysis rate is expected to increase under alkaline conditions, but may decrease significantly in acidic in natural waters.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 0.00003 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), promecarb can be expected to exist in both the gas phase and particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). Gas phase promecarb is expected to degrade rapidly in air by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in an average atmosphere has been estimated to be about 5 hr. Particulate phase promecarb may be physically removed from air via wet and dry deposition(SRC).

In pure culture biodegradation studies using Pseudomonas putida, Flavobacter sp, and Aeromonas liquefaciens, only 1.7-16.8% of initial concn of promecarb remained after 28 days of incubation(1); 84.3% of initial promecarb remained after 28 in controls(1).

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of promecarb with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 77X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hr at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Promecarb is hydrolyzed by strong acids and bases and is incompatible with alkaline preparations(2). The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of promecarb at 25 °C and pH 7 has been estimated to be 1.2 days(3). At 22 °C, promecarb is reported to be stable at pH 5, but 50% loss occurs in 5.2 days at pH 7 and 50% loss occurs in 1.5 days at pH 9(4).

Based upon a water solubility of 91 ppm at 25 °C(1) and a measured log Kow of 3.10(2), the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for promecarb can be estimated to be 49 and 134, respectively, from recommended regression- derived equations(3,SRC). These BCF estimates suggest a low potential for bioconcentration(SRC).

Utilizing soil thin-layer chromatography, the Rf value of promecarb in Hagerstown silty clay loam soil was measured to be 0.34 which is suggestive of low to moderate soil mobility(1). Based upon a water solubility of 91 ppm at 25 °C(2) and a measured log Kow of 3.10(3), the Koc value for promecarb can be estimated to range from 365 to 1240 from various regression-derived equations(4,SRC). These estimated Koc values also indicate low to medium soil mobility(5).

Based upon water solubility of 91 ppm and a vapor pressure of 0.00003 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), the Henry's Law Constant for promecarb can be estimated to be 9.0X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). This value of Henry's Law Constant indicates that volatilization from water is not significant(2).

Analysis by the US Food and Drug Administration of 7,893 samples of domestic and imported fruits and 165 ready to eat fruit composites of the Total Diet Study for fiscal years 1970-1976 found promecarb in only one large fruit sample(1).

Occupational exposure to promecarb may be possible through dermal contact and inhalation to workers involved with applying or formulating promecarb pesticides. Exposure may be possible through consumption of fruit products treated with promecarb pesticides. (SRC)

LC50 Trout 0.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carp 4.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LD50 Duck oral 3.5 mg/kg

Promecarb is released directly into the environment from its application and use as a contact insecticide. If released to the atmosphere, gas-phase promecarb is expected to degrade rapidly (estimated half-life of 5 hr) by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. Particulate-phase promecarb may be removed physically from air by wet and dry deposition. If released to water, hydrolysis appears to be an important degradation process. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life has been estimated to be 1.2 days at 25 °C and pH 7; the hydrolysis rate is expected to increase under alkaline conditions, but may decrease significantly in acidic natural waters. If released to soil, promecarb is expected to degrade chemically under moist conditions via hydrolysis with the rate increasing under alkaline conditions and decreasing under acidic conditions. Promecarb may leach moderately in soil, although leaching in neutral and alkaline soils may not be important due to concurrent hydrolysis. The N-methylcarbamate pesticides (of which promecarb is a member) are generally biodegradable and of low soil persistence. Occupational exposure to promecarb may be possible through dermal contact and inhalation to workers involved with applying or formulating promecarb pesticides. (SRC)

Promecarb is used as a non-systemic contact insecticide against lepidopterous pests and leaf miners of fruits(1). Insecticidal applications of promecarb release the compound directly into the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The N-methylcarbamate pesticides (of which promecarb is a member) are generally biodegradable and of low soil persistence(1). Chemical degradation of promecarb in moist soil is expected to proceed via hydrolysis. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life has been estimated to be 1.2 days at 25 °C and pH 7; the hydrolysis rate is expected to increase under alkaline conditions, but decrease with acidity in soil. Promecarb is expected to have low to moderate soil mobility which suggests that some leaching may be possible. Leaching in neutral and alkaline soils may not be significant, however, due to concurrent hydrolysis(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis appears to be an important degradation process for promecarb in water. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life has been estimated to be 1.2 days at 25 °C and pH 7(1); the hydrolysis rate is expected to increase under alkaline conditions, but may decrease significantly in acidic in natural waters.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 0.00003 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), promecarb can be expected to exist in both the gas phase and particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). Gas phase promecarb is expected to degrade rapidly in air by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in an average atmosphere has been estimated to be about 5 hr. Particulate phase promecarb may be physically removed from air via wet and dry deposition(SRC).

In pure culture biodegradation studies using Pseudomonas putida, Flavobacter sp, and Aeromonas liquefaciens, only 1.7-16.8% of initial concn of promecarb remained after 28 days of incubation(1); 84.3% of initial promecarb remained after 28 in controls(1).

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of promecarb with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 77X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hr at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Promecarb is hydrolyzed by strong acids and bases and is incompatible with alkaline preparations(2). The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of promecarb at 25 °C and pH 7 has been estimated to be 1.2 days(3). At 22 °C, promecarb is reported to be stable at pH 5, but 50% loss occurs in 5.2 days at pH 7 and 50% loss occurs in 1.5 days at pH 9(4).

Based upon a water solubility of 91 ppm at 25 °C(1) and a measured log Kow of 3.10(2), the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for promecarb can be estimated to be 49 and 134, respectively, from recommended regression- derived equations(3,SRC). These BCF estimates suggest a low potential for bioconcentration(SRC).

Utilizing soil thin-layer chromatography, the Rf value of promecarb in Hagerstown silty clay loam soil was measured to be 0.34 which is suggestive of low to moderate soil mobility(1). Based upon a water solubility of 91 ppm at 25 °C(2) and a measured log Kow of 3.10(3), the Koc value for promecarb can be estimated to range from 365 to 1240 from various regression-derived equations(4,SRC). These estimated Koc values also indicate low to medium soil mobility(5).

Based upon water solubility of 91 ppm and a vapor pressure of 0.00003 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), the Henry's Law Constant for promecarb can be estimated to be 9.0X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). This value of Henry's Law Constant indicates that volatilization from water is not significant(2).

Analysis by the US Food and Drug Administration of 7,893 samples of domestic and imported fruits and 165 ready to eat fruit composites of the Total Diet Study for fiscal years 1970-1976 found promecarb in only one large fruit sample(1).

Occupational exposure to promecarb may be possible through dermal contact and inhalation to workers involved with applying or formulating promecarb pesticides. Exposure may be possible through consumption of fruit products treated with promecarb pesticides. (SRC)

Hydrolysis: Promecarb should be treated with alkali and then buried. Recommendable methods: Incineration & landfill.

UN 2758; Carbamate pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (cmpd and preparations)

UN 2757; Carbamate pesticide, liquid or solid, not otherwise specified (cmpd and preparations)

UN 2758; Carbamate pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C

UN 2991; Carbamate pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flash point 23 °C or more

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for PROMECARB (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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