Sodium Azide

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P301+P316, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (1 of 410) of reports.

H300+H310 (16.3%): Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H300 (99.5%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (41.7%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H373 (23.2%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (96.3%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (99.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 410 reports by companies from 25 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 410 reports by companies.

There are 24 notifications provided by 409 of 410 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.

Signs and Symptoms of Sodium Azide (Na(N3)) Exposure: Ingestion or inhalation of sodium azide may cause dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, dyspnea (shortness of breath), hypotension (low blood pressure), slowed heart rate, and abdominal pain. Spasms, convulsions, and loss of consciousness may also occur. Dermal or eye exposure to sodium azide may result in pain and redness of exposed areas. Eye exposure may also lead to blurred vision.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium azide (Na(N3)) may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium azide (Na(N3)).

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium azide (Na(N3)).

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of sodium azide (Na(N3)) is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of sodium azide (Na(N3)) may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

5. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts and fumes from burning material. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear boots, protective gloves and goggles. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, evacuate for a radius of 2500 feet. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

If material is on fire or involved in fire, use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (EPA, 1998)

Use dry sand, special powder. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

- Sodium azide is combustible.

- The agent may burn, but it does not ignite readily.

- Fire may produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases.

- The agent may be transported in a molten form.

- For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray.

- For large fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, or water spray. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

- For fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- Run-off from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic, and it may cause pollution.

- If the situation allows, control and properly dispose of run-off (effluent).

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

If material is on fire or involved in fire, use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Do not flush with water. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P105, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Disposal may be accomplished by reaction with sulfuric acid solution and sodium nitrate in a hard rubber vessel. Nitrogen dioxide is generated by this reaction and the gas is run through a scrubber before it is released to the atmosphere. Controlled incineration is also acceptable (after mixing with other combustible wastes) with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities.

Put into approved storage containers and ship to an approved disposal area.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Sodium azide (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs, acids and metals. See Chemical Dangers. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Do not store near acids.

Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Sodium azide must be stored to avoid contact with benzoyl chloride, potassium hydroxide, bromine, copper, and lead, since violent reactions can occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from water, heat, and acids. On contact with water it forms hydrazoic acid which is explosive. Danger of explosion exists from friction, heat, or contamination. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.2 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.026 [mg/m3]

0.29 [mg/m3]

8.8 [mg/m3]

0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³) (as HN3), 0.3 mg/m³ (as NaN3)

C 0.1 ppm (as HN3) [skin] C 0.3 mg/m3 (as NaN3) [skin]

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

0.29 [mg/m3], as NaN3

Ceiling Limit: 0.29 mg/cu m. /As sodium azide/

Ceiling Limit: 0.11 ppm. /As hydrazoic acid vapor/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /As sodium azide or as hydrazoic acid vapor/

0.29 mg/m

0.29 mg/m³ (as Sodium azide), 0.11 ppm (as Hydrazoic acid vapor) [1992]

0.1 mg/m

0.2 mg/m

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Australia: peak limitation 0.3 mg/cu m, as sodium azide; peak limitation 0.1 ppm as hydrazoic acid (1990); Federal Republic of Germany: for sodium azide, 0.2 mg/cu m, short-term exposure values in preparation; for hydrazoic acid, 0.1 ppm, short-term level 0.2 ppm, 5 min, 8 times per shift (1992); United Kingdom: 10-min STEL 0.3 mg/cu m as sodium azide; 10-min STEL 0.1 ppm as hydrazoic acid vapor (1991).

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. This may result in lowering of blood pressure, cardiac disorders and central nervous system disorders. Ingestion of large amounts could cause death. Inhalation of dust may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS).

Sodium azide is not classifiable as a human carcinogen. It is unknown whether chronic or repeated exposure to sodium azide increases the risk of reproductive toxicity or developmental toxicity. Studies report that loss of the sheath around the nerves (demyelination) can occur with chronic large doses.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sodium azide:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Sodium azide appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Density 1.85 g / cm3. Burns in air and may explode if large quantities are involved. Toxic by ingestion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires.

Dry Powder; CBI

Colorless to white, odorless, crystalline solid. [pesticide] [Note: Forms hydrazoic acid (HN3) in water.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS.

Colorless to white, odorless, crystalline solid.

Colorless to white, odorless, crystalline solid. [pesticide] [Note: Forms hydrazoic acid (HN3) in water.]

Colorless to white hexagonal crystalline solid.

Colorless hexagonal crystals

Colorless to white, crystalline solid [Note: Forms hydrazoic acid (HN3) in water]

Odorless (with traces of water fishy smelling because of HN3 formation)

Decomposes in vacuum (EPA, 1998)

decomposes

Decomposes

Decomposes at 527 °F to sodium and nitrogen (EPA, 1998)

275 °C (decomp)

527 °F (decomposes to sodium and nitrogen)

527 °F (Decomposes)

Not flammable (EPA, 1998)

50 to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 41.0 g/100 mL at 17 °C

Highly soluble in water. Rapidly converted to hydrazoic acid ... Solubility in water: 40.16% at 10 °C; 41.7% at 17 °C

Slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ethyl ether

Slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether; soluble in liquid ammonia

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 17 °C: 41.7 (good)

(63 °F): 42%

1.846 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.846 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.85

1.846 @25 °C

1 Pa at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 1

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Heat and shock sensitive.

... Stable in water in the absence of light ... .

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Sodium oxides.

On heating decomposes into sodium and nitrogen.

Sodium azide decomposes at 275 °C.

Rapid heating above 275 °C can cause rapid decomposition and explosion.

... Appears to be susceptible to photodecomposition by solar radiation. Photolysis ... may result in metal nitrides initially, with the eventual formation of the free metal and nitrogen gas.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and disodium oxide/.

Soluble in water. Addition of water to sodium azide which was heated caused a violent reaction, [Angew. Chem. 1952, 64, 169]. Dust may form an explosive mixture in air.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Explosive

CSL00006

DICHLOROMETHANE + SODIUM AZIDE

Formation of diazidomethane which can explode. Azide reactions should not be performed in hologenated solvents.

Substitution

CSL00020

1H-Benzotriazole-1-sulfonyl azide + Hydrazoic acid + Sodium azide

acidic workup should be avoided because of the possibility that trace amounts of residual sodium azide could be converted to highly explosive hydrazoic acid

Not Available

Two comments were published as safety letters about this incident: 1. Frurip, David J.; Gorman, David B. Chemical Safety: Benzotriazole-1-Sulfonyl Azide. Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90 (15), 4. DOI: 10.1021/cen-09015-letters. (Letters: chemical safety). 2. Buske, Gary R. Chemical Safety: Benzotriazole-1-Sulfonyl Azide. Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90 (15), 4-5. DOI: 10.1021/cen-09015-letters. (Letters: chemical safety).

10.1021/cen-09002-letters

Literature Reference

10/19/2022

CSL00024

SODIUM AZIDE + CHLOROTRIMETHYLSILANE

explosion hazard

ACS Safety Letters

CSL00030

SODIUM AZIDE + Pentaerythrityl tetrabromide

This reaction should NOPT be conducted in excess of 5 mg and then only with extreme care to prevent explosion

Explosive,Toxic

User-Reported

CSL00057

CARBON DISULFIDE + SODIUM AZIDE

Potentially explosive

CSL00078

SODIUM AZIDE + PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE

highly explosive

CSL00079

SODIUM AZIDE + OXALYL CHLORIDE

CSL00080

PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE + SODIUM AZIDE

CSL00081

SODIUM AZIDE + THIONYL CHLORIDE

CSL00082

SODIUM AZIDE + Chlorinated solvents

CSL00106

CSL00107

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium azide is a colorless to white crystalline solid, forming hydrazoic acid in water. It is used in organic synthesis, and in the preparation of hydrazoic acid, lead azide, and pure sodium. Other uses include the differential selection of bacteria, in automatic blood counters, and as a preservative for laboratory reagents. It is also a propellant for inflating automotive safety bags. Agricultural uses including nematocide, herbicide, and fruit rot control. HUMAN STUDIES: Potential symptoms of overexposure include irritation of eyes and skin, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, dyspnea, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea, hypothermia, acidosis, convulsions, and kidney changes. Cases of fatal sodium azide poisoning induced by suicidal ingestion have been reported. Death occurs rapidly when significant doses are absorbed, either due to the direct effect of sodium azide or an indirect effect due to nitric oxide, cyanide ions or hydrazoic acid production from sodium azide. The minimal hypotensive dose in humans lies between 0.2 and 0.4 ug/kg. Neuropsychological and psychological tests, a questionnaire, and hematological and cardiac measurements were gathered from 41 exposed workers and 42 unexposed workers in a chemical production plant yearly for 3 years. The exposed workers presented significantly more acute symptoms of exposure (headache, vertigo, nausea, fatigue, cardiac palpitations, irritated or red eyes) than did the unexposed workers. However, only one chronic symptom was repeatedly and more significantly reported, namely trembling of the hands. Azide is one of the few known potent mutagens that does not increase sister-chromatid exchanges SCEs and/or break chromosomes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Sodium azide inhibits respiration of bovine cornea, presumably by poisoning cytochrome oxidase. Repeated intraperitoneal injections in rats (5 to 10 mg/kg every 15 to 30 min for 3 to 6 hr) resulted in severe intoxication; some survivors showed injury and demyelination of nerve fibers in the central nervous system and testicular damage, but no lesions of liver or kidney. Intramuscular injection of 8 to 10 mg/kg in monkeys produced convulsions and apnea and resulted in the deaths of many of these animals. Among those who survived, ataxia developed secondary to the lesions in the cerebellar cortex; repeated administration caused necrosis and demyelination of the optic nerves and destruction of the caudate nucleus and putamen of the lenticular nucleus. In a chronic rat study in which the maximum tolerated dose and half that level were given in the diet or by gastric intubation twice weekly for 18 months, sodium azide was determined to be noncarcinogenic. Sterility has been produced in male mice given sodium azide. Sodium azide effectively reverts S. typhimurium strain TA1530, indicating that it is a base substitution mutagen. It is ineffective on strains which are frameshift mutants. It is highly mutagenic in barley, rice, peas, yeast and Chinese hamster V79 cells. However, azide apparently does not produce chromosome breaks in barley or Vicia. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Sodium azide is a potent mutagen of salmon sperm DNA in an acidic environment. Heritable translocation noted in insects after oral mutation dose 100 mg/L. Sodium azide induced a high frequency of mutations in barley seeds. Sodium azide does not induce somatic crossing over and chromosome breaks in soybeans.

Sodium azide

4 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /As sodium azide or as hydrazoic acid vapor/

Sodium Azide

TR-389: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Azide (CASRN 26628-22-8) in F344 Rats (Gavage Studies) (1991 )

04/25/90

No Evidence

Chemical Not Tested in Species/Sex

Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of sodium azide in male or female F344/N rats administered 5 or 10 mg/kg.

Sodium azide induced necrosis in the cerebrum and the thalamus of the brain in both male and female rats.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sodium azide can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact. Ingestion is an important route of exposure to solid sodium azide. Inhalation is an important route of exposure to the vapor, hydrazoic acid.

Cough. Headache. Nasal congestion. Fall in blood pressure. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Sweating. Fall in blood pressure. Increased heart rate. Weakness. Blurred vision. Shock or collapse. See Effects of short-term exposure

irritation eyes, skin; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), blurred vision; low blood pressure, bradycardia; kidney changes

- Irritation and inflammation of the membranes (conjunctivitis), blurred vision, and dilated pupils (mydriasis).

- Mild to moderate: Mild low blood pressure (hypotension), headache, general feeling of apprehension and being unwell, temporary loss of consciousness (syncope), nausea, vomiting (emesis), diarrhea, abdominal pain, and excessive thirst (polydipsia).

- Severe: Severe low blood pressure (hypotension), sometimes preceded by high blood pressure (hypertension), reduced level of consciousness (CNS depression), seizures, coma, chest discomfort, slow or rapid heart rate (bradycardia or tachycardia), abnormal or disordered heart rhythms (atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias), difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), exceptionally high body temperature (hyperthermia) or lower than normal body temperature (hypothermia), profuse sweating (diaphoresis), and blurred vision. Seizures, coma, and death.

- Inhalation exposure and ingestion exposure may cause similar adverse health effects (see Ingestion Exposure).

- Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) may be less severe with inhalation exposure.

- In addition, exposure to sodium azide vapors (hydrazoic acid) can cause:

- Irritation of the eyes and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (nose and throat), possible inflammation of the airways (bronchitis), and fluid build up in the lungs (pulmonary edema).

- Local effects: Irritation and inflammation. Possible blistering of skin.

- Whole-body (systemic) effects: Low blood pressure (hypotension).

- See ingestion for more comprehensive information.

Eyes, skin, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, kidneys

Chemical: AZIDE SODIUM

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

IRIS Current

DNA inhibition human fibroblast 50 mg/L.

LD50 Mouse sc 23 mg/kg

LD50 Rat sc 45 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 45 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 27 mg/kg

EC50; Species: Simocephalus, first instar; Concentration: 8.4 mg/L for 96 hr at 15 °C (95% confidence limit: 6.1-12.2 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Technical material, 98%/

LC50; Species: G fasciatus, mature; Concentration: 6.4 mg/L for 96 hr at 21 °C (95% confidence limit: 4.6-8.9 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Technical material, 98%/

LC50; Species: Pteronarcys, second year class; Concentration: 8.0 mg/L for 96 hr at 15 °C (95% confidence limit: 5.7-11.0 mg/L) /Technical material, 98%/

LC50; Species: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout) weight 1.4 g; Concentration: 0.8-1.6 mg/L for 96 hr at 13 °C /Technical material, 98%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Sodium azide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /Sodium azide is/ effective in controlling stickleback, but not toxic to sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha), steelhead (Salmo gairdneri), and other marketable fish.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Sodium azide is a potent mutagen of salmon sperm DNA in an acidic environment.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The mutagenic effect was observed /in Scenedesmus acutus (green algae)/ at exposure (1-2 hr) to 0.05-0.8% sodium azide.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Through disruption of the energy transfer enzymes, sodium azide inhibited cilia movement and phagocytosis in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Sodium azide (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.10e+02

4.70e+03

8.00e+01

4.00e+00

4.00e-03

Volatile

9.40e+02

1.40e+04

2.40e+02

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Sodium azide's production and use as an airbag and airline safety chute inflator, in organic synthesis; in the preparation of hydrazoic acid, lead azide, pure sodium, in the differential selection of bacteria; in automatic blood counters; and as a preservative for laboratory reagents may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its former use as a biocide and soil fumigant, agricultural nematocide, herbicide and in fruit rot control resulted in its direct release to the environment. Sodium azide is a reactive, polar compound. As a result, adsorption, volatilization and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes in soil. Aqueous sodium azide is readily hydrolyzed to yield hydrazoic acid. Adsorption to suspended solids and sediment, bioconcentration, volatilization and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems. Occupational exposure to sodium azide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium azide is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to sodium azide via inhalation and dermal contact when automotive airbags are deployed. (SRC)

... Sodium azide (NaN3) ... appears naturally in soil. ...

Sodium azide's production and use as an airbag and airline safety chute inflator, in organic synthesis; in the preparation of hydrazoic acid, lead azide, pure sodium, in the differential selection of bacteria; in automatic blood counters; and as a preservative for laboratory reagents(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use as a biocide and soil fumigant, agricultural nematocide, herbicide and in fruit rot control(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Sodium azide is a reactive, polar compound(1). As a result, adsorption, volatilization and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Aqueous sodium azide is readily hydrolyzed to yield hydrazoic acid(1). As a result, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment, bioconcentration, volatilization and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems(SRC).

Aquatic Fate: Photolysis of sodium azide may result in metal nitrides initially, with the eventual formation of the free metal and nitrogen gas.

Aqueous sodium azide is readily hydrolyzed to yield hydrazoic acid(1). The photodegradation half-life of azide in the air is estimated to be 52 hours(1).

The dissipation of azides in soil is not by microbial action but is strictly a chemical process accelerated by increasing acidity and elevated temperature. ... dissipates ... rapidly in soils by oxidation or by reaction of hydrazoic acid with soil organic acids to form azides of these acids which ... decompose by the Curtius rearrangement.

Sodium azide is stable in water in the absence of light but appears to be susceptible to photo-decomposition by solar radiation. Photolysis of sodium azide may result in metal nitrides initially, with the eventual formation of the free metal and nitrogen gas.

Sodium azide is a reactive, polar compound that should not bioaccumulate(1).

Sodium azide is a reactive, polar compound(1); therefore, adsorption to soil and soil mobility are not expected to be important environmental fate processes(SRC).

Aqueous sodium azide is readily hydrolyzed to yield hydrazoic acid, a volatile substance that partitions strongly to the gas phase(1).

Sodium azide concentration is typically 60% of compressed disks or pellets blended with other ingredients, and packed into sealed canisters in airbags(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, one reporting facility estimates the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of sodium azide in the United States is 50-100 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 54,959 workers (38,370 of these are female) were potentially exposed to sodium azide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to sodium azide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium azide is produced or used(SRC). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to sodium azide via inhalation and dermal contact when automotive airbags are deployed(SRC).

The largest potential exposure is that to automotive workers, repairmen and wreckers if inflatible airbags are installed on all passenger cars(1) and if sodium azide is used as the inflation chemical(1,2).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P105, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Disposal may be accomplished by reaction with sulfuric acid solution and sodium nitrate in a hard rubber vessel. Nitrogen dioxide is generated by this reaction and the gas is run through a scrubber before it is released to the atmosphere. Controlled incineration is also acceptable (after mixing with other combustible wastes) with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities.

Put into approved storage containers and ship to an approved disposal area.

/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Sodium azide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1687; Sodium azide

IMO 6.1; Sodium azide

49 234 65; Sodium azide

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Sodium azide is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Sodium azide is included on the dangerous goods list.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 28-32-50/53; S: (1/2)-28-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II